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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#"
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<title>Global Dissemination of a multidrug resistant Escherichia coli clone FAQ - Beatson Microbial Genomics Lab</title>
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<a href="/PNAS_ST131_2014.html"
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title="Permalink to Global Dissemination of a multidrug resistant Escherichia coli clone FAQ">
Global Dissemination of a multidrug resistant Escherichia coli clone FAQ
</a>
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<span class="published">
<i class="fa fa-calendar"></i><time datetime="2014-04-02T10:30:00"> Wed 02 April 2014</time>
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<span class="label">By</span>
<a href="/author/scott-beatson.html"><i class="fa fa-user"></i> Scott Beatson</a>
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<div class="section" id="what-is-the-study-about">
<h2>What is the study about?</h2>
<p>We examined the DNA of a particular type of multidrug resistant <em>E. coli</em> called
ST131. This type of bacteria was relatively unheard of until about 5 years ago
but is now one of the most common causes of urinary tract and bloodstream
infections. We were able to track the global emergence of ST131 by analysing
a collection of isolates from all over the world. We found that they all
evolved from a common ancestor quite recently and were resistant to multiple
antibiotics.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="why-is-it-important">
<h2>Why is it important?</h2>
<p>Urinary tract infections affect more than 150 million people around the world
every year and about 50% of all women experience a urinary tract infection in
their lifetime. ST131 are resistant to most antibiotics commonly used to treat
urinary tract infections so it is important to be able to identify this type of
<em>E. coli</em> early and treat the infection with an antibiotic that will work.
Carbapenems are one of the few remaining types of antibiotics that are
effective in treating ST131 but resistance to this antibiotic is increasing.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="what-should-we-be-worried-about">
<h2>What should we be worried about?</h2>
<p>Carbapenem resistance is an emerging problem, as the gene responsible is able
to be easily transferred between bacteria. In the last couple of years
carbapenem resistance genes have been reported in a small number of ST131
bacteria. The concern is that this gene will spread throughout the ST131
population, which is already the most successful <em>E. coli</em> clone to date. Not
only would this limit treatment options for ST131 even further, it would also
increase the chances that these resistance genes would be passed to other types
of pathogenic bacteria.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-does-our-study-help">
<h2>How does our study help?</h2>
<p>Our study provides a framework for understanding how these bacteria have
evolved and spread around the globe. The genetic data that we produced can be
used to develop new screening methods to ensure that ST131 are identified early
in patients so that the best antibiotic treatment can be used. Ongoing
surveillance of ST131 will also be important for tracking increased antibiotic
resistance in this type of <em>E. coli</em>. In the longer term this work gives us the
opportunity to develop new vaccines or therapies for preventing ST131. The fact
that all ST131 are descended from a single ancestor means they may share an
Achilles’ heel that we can target.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-did-we-do-the-study">
<h2>How did we do the study?</h2>
<p>We collected ST131 isolates from around the world from the year 2000 to 2011.
We used “next generation” DNA sequencing to determine the genome of each
isolate – the genome is the collection of all genes in an organism. Each <em>E.
coli</em> has about 5000 genes, so we studied about half a million genes using
bioinformatics, a discipline that merges biology and computing. The software
that we developed to do this analysis and the data that we produced are now
freely available to the rest of the scientific community.</p>
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<dl class="docutils">
<dt><strong>More information:</strong></dt>
<dd><ul class="first last simple">
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/03/28/1322678111.abstract">Open Access PNAS article</a>,</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2014/04/evolving-superbug-threatens-create-infection-tsunami">University of Queensland news article</a>, and</li>
<li><a class="reference external" href="http://phys.org/news/2014-03-scientists-coli-clone-globally.html">Phys.org news article</a></li>
</ul>
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