diff --git a/frontend/app/admin/dashboard/page.tsx b/frontend/app/admin/dashboard/page.tsx
index 0af115857..351da9541 100644
--- a/frontend/app/admin/dashboard/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/admin/dashboard/page.tsx
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import { TVLChart } from "@/components/admin/metrics/TVLChart";
 import { AssetDistributionChart } from "@/components/admin/metrics/AssetDistributionChart";
 import { adminAPI, AdminMetrics } from "@/app/lib/api/admin";
 import { mockAdminMetrics } from "@/lib/mockAdminUsers";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
 
 export default function AdminDashboardPage() {
+  const t = useTranslations("admin");
   const [metrics, setMetrics] = useState<AdminMetrics | null>(null);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
   const [usingMock, setUsingMock] = useState(false);
@@ -31,14 +33,17 @@ export default function AdminDashboardPage() {
     <DashboardLayout>
       <div className="space-y-6">
         <div>
-          <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold text-foreground">Admin Dashboard</h1>
-          <p className="text-sm text-foreground/50 mt-1">Platform-wide metrics and asset overview</p>
+          <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold text-foreground">{t("dashboard")}</h1>
+          <p className="text-sm text-foreground/50 mt-1">{t("dashboardDesc")}</p>
         </div>
 
         {usingMock && (
           <div className="rounded-lg border border-yellow-500/20 bg-yellow-500/5 px-4 py-2.5 text-xs text-yellow-400/80">
-            Backend unavailable — showing mock data derived from local user records. In production, metrics are fetched from{" "}
-            <code className="font-mono">/api/admin/metrics</code>.
+            {t("mockDataWarning")}{" "}
+            <span>
+              In production, metrics are fetched from{" "}
+              <code className="font-mono">/api/admin/metrics</code>.
+            </span>
           </div>
         )}
 
diff --git a/frontend/app/admin/login/page.tsx b/frontend/app/admin/login/page.tsx
index 450f01058..3e7898875 100644
--- a/frontend/app/admin/login/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/admin/login/page.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 "use client";
 import { useState } from "react";
 import { useAdminAuth } from "@/context/AdminAuthContext";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
 
 export default function AdminLoginPage() {
   const { login } = useAdminAuth();
+  const t = useTranslations("admin");
   const [email, setEmail] = useState("");
   const [password, setPassword] = useState("");
   const [error, setError] = useState("");
@@ -26,14 +28,14 @@ export default function AdminLoginPage() {
       <div className="w-full max-w-sm">
         <div className="mb-8 text-center">
           <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold text-foreground">InheritX</h1>
-          <p className="text-sm text-gray-500 mt-1">Admin Portal</p>
+          <p className="text-sm text-gray-500 mt-1">{t("adminPortal")}</p>
         </div>
         <div className="bg-white/3 border border-white/10 rounded-2xl p-6">
           <h2 className="text-base font-medium text-foreground mb-6">
-            Sign in to continue
+            {t("signIn")}
           </h2>
           <div className="mb-4">
-            <label className="block text-xs text-gray-500 mb-1.5">Email address</label>
+            <label className="block text-xs text-gray-500 mb-1.5">{t("emailAddress")}</label>
             <input
               type="email"
               value={email}
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ export default function AdminLoginPage() {
             />
           </div>
           <div className="mb-6">
-            <label className="block text-xs text-gray-500 mb-1.5">Password</label>
+            <label className="block text-xs text-gray-500 mb-1.5">{t("password")}</label>
             <input
               type="password"
               value={password}
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ export default function AdminLoginPage() {
             disabled={isLoading || !email || !password}
             className="w-full py-2.5 text-sm font-medium rounded-lg bg-primary text-black hover:bg-primary/90 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed transition-colors"
           >
-            {isLoading ? "Signing in..." : "Sign in"}
+            {isLoading ? t("signingIn") : t("signInButton")}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/frontend/app/admin/users/page.tsx b/frontend/app/admin/users/page.tsx
index 54519dd0c..88261cb56 100644
--- a/frontend/app/admin/users/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/admin/users/page.tsx
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ import { AdminUser, KYCStatus } from "@/lib/adminTypes";
 import { SearchFilterBar } from "@/components/admin/SearchFilterBar";
 import { UserManagementTable } from "@/components/admin/UserManagementTable";
 import { Pagination } from "@/components/admin/Pagination";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
 
 const PAGE_SIZE = 10;
 
 export default function AdminUsersPage() {
+  const t = useTranslations("admin");
   const [users, setUsers] = useState<AdminUser[]>(mockUsers);
   const [search, setSearch] = useState("");
   const [kycFilter, setKycFilter] = useState<KYCStatus | "all">("all");
@@ -71,29 +73,20 @@ export default function AdminUsersPage() {
       {/* Header */}
       <div className="mb-8">
         <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold text-foreground">
-          User Management
+          {t("userManagement")}
         </h1>
         <p className="text-sm text-gray-500 mt-1">
-          Manage users, KYC approvals, and active plans.
+          {t("userManagementDesc")}
         </p>
       </div>
 
       {/* Stats row */}
       <div className="grid grid-cols-2 sm:grid-cols-4 gap-4 mb-8">
         {[
-          { label: "Total Users", value: users.length },
-          {
-            label: "KYC Pending",
-            value: users.filter((u) => u.kycStatus === "pending").length,
-          },
-          {
-            label: "Active Users",
-            value: users.filter((u) => u.status === "active").length,
-          },
-          {
-            label: "Suspended",
-            value: users.filter((u) => u.status === "suspended").length,
-          },
+          { label: t("totalUsers"), value: users.length },
+          { label: t("kycPending"), value: users.filter((u) => u.kycStatus === "pending").length },
+          { label: t("activeUsers"), value: users.filter((u) => u.status === "active").length },
+          { label: t("suspended"), value: users.filter((u) => u.status === "suspended").length },
         ].map((stat) => (
           <div
             key={stat.label}
@@ -115,7 +108,7 @@ export default function AdminUsersPage() {
 
       {/* Results count */}
       <p className="text-xs text-gray-500 mb-3">
-        Showing {paginated.length} of {filtered.length} users
+        {t("showing")} {paginated.length} {t("of")} {filtered.length} {t("users")}
       </p>
 
       {/* Table */}
diff --git a/frontend/app/asset-owner/page.tsx b/frontend/app/asset-owner/page.tsx
index 8efad2ee1..d10fecf43 100644
--- a/frontend/app/asset-owner/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/asset-owner/page.tsx
@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
 "use client";
 import { useWallet } from "@/context/WalletContext";
 import { formatAddress } from "@/util/address";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
 
 export default function AssetOwnerPage() {
   const { isConnected, address, openModal } = useWallet();
+  const t = useTranslations("assetOwner");
 
   return (
     <div className="animate-fade-in">
       {/* Page heading */}
       <div className="mb-8">
-        <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold text-foreground">Overview</h1>
-        <p className="text-sm text-gray-500 mt-1">
-          Welcome to your InheritX dashboard.
-        </p>
+        <h1 className="text-2xl font-semibold text-foreground">{t("overview")}</h1>
+        <p className="text-sm text-gray-500 mt-1">{t("welcomeDesc")}</p>
       </div>
 
       {/* Wallet status card */}
       <div className="bg-white/3 border border-white/10 rounded-2xl p-6 max-w-md">
         <p className="text-xs text-gray-500 uppercase tracking-wider mb-4">
-          Wallet Status
+          {t("walletStatus")}
         </p>
 
         {isConnected && address ? (
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ export default function AssetOwnerPage() {
             <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
               <span className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-emerald-400 shadow-[0_0_6px_#34d399]" />
               <span className="text-sm text-emerald-400 font-medium">
-                Connected
+                {t("connected")}
               </span>
             </div>
             <div className="bg-white/5 border border-white/10 rounded-lg px-4 py-3">
-              <p className="text-xs text-gray-500 mb-1">Wallet Address</p>
+              <p className="text-xs text-gray-500 mb-1">{t("walletAddress")}</p>
               <p className="text-sm font-mono text-primary">
                 {formatAddress(address)}
               </p>
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ export default function AssetOwnerPage() {
           <div className="flex flex-col gap-4">
             <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
               <span className="w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-gray-600" />
-              <span className="text-sm text-gray-500">Not connected</span>
+              <span className="text-sm text-gray-500">{t("notConnected")}</span>
             </div>
             <button
               onClick={openModal}
               className="px-4 py-2.5 text-sm font-medium rounded-lg bg-primary text-black hover:bg-primary/90 transition-colors w-fit"
             >
-              Connect Wallet
+              {t("connectWallet")}
             </button>
           </div>
         )}
diff --git a/frontend/app/components/Navbar.tsx b/frontend/app/components/Navbar.tsx
index 117a3faa2..6117c91c4 100644
--- a/frontend/app/components/Navbar.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/components/Navbar.tsx
@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
+"use client";
+
 import React, { useState, useEffect } from "react";
 import Image from "next/image";
-import { ArrowDownRight, Globe, Shield, Zap, Menu, X } from "lucide-react";
+import { Menu, X } from "lucide-react";
 import Link from "next/link";
 import { ConnectButton } from "@/components/ConnectButton";
+import { LanguageSwitcher } from "@/components/LanguageSwitcher";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
 
 const Navbar = () => {
+  const t = useTranslations("navbar");
   const [isMobileMenuOpen, setIsMobileMenuOpen] = useState(false);
   const [isScrolled, setIsScrolled] = useState(false);
 
@@ -18,6 +23,7 @@ const Navbar = () => {
   }, []);
 
   const closeMenu = () => setIsMobileMenuOpen(false);
+
   return (
     <header
       className={`sticky top-0 z-50 backdrop-blur-xs transition-all duration-300 ${
@@ -48,25 +54,25 @@ const Navbar = () => {
               href="/"
               className="hover:text-cyan-400 transition-colors focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-1"
             >
-              Home
+              {t("home")}
             </Link>
             <Link
               href="/how-it-works"
               className="hover:text-cyan-400 transition-colors focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-1"
             >
-              How it Works
+              {t("howItWorks")}
             </Link>
             <Link
               href="/faqs"
               className="hover:text-cyan-400 transition-colors focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-1"
             >
-              FAQs
+              {t("faqs")}
             </Link>
             <Link
               href="/contact"
               className="hover:text-cyan-400 transition-colors focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-1"
             >
-              Contact
+              {t("contact")}
             </Link>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -92,40 +98,39 @@ const Navbar = () => {
               onClick={closeMenu}
               className="text-slate-300 hover:text-cyan-400 py-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-2 uppercase"
             >
-              Home
+              {t("home")}
             </Link>
             <Link
               href="/how-it-works"
               onClick={closeMenu}
               className="text-slate-300 hover:text-cyan-400 py-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-2 uppercase"
             >
-              How it Works
+              {t("howItWorks")}
             </Link>
             <Link
               href="/faqs"
               onClick={closeMenu}
               className="text-slate-300 hover:text-cyan-400 py-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-2 uppercase"
             >
-              FAQs
+              {t("faqs")}
             </Link>
             <Link
               href="/contact"
               onClick={closeMenu}
               className="text-slate-300 hover:text-cyan-400 py-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-2 uppercase"
             >
-              Contact
+              {t("contact")}
             </Link>
-
-            <button
-              className="flex justify-center items-center gap-4 text-[14px] border-[0.5px] border-[#33C5E03D] bg-[#161E22] px-4 py-3 rounded-lg text-slate-300 hover:border-cyan-400 transition-all w-full focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 active:scale-95"
-              aria-label="Connect wallet"
-            >
-              Connect Wallet <ArrowDownRight size={16} aria-hidden={true} />
-            </button>
+            <LanguageSwitcher />
           </div>
         )}
 
-        <ConnectButton />
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
+          <div className="hidden md:block">
+            <LanguageSwitcher />
+          </div>
+          <ConnectButton />
+        </div>
       </nav>
     </header>
   );
diff --git a/frontend/app/components/landing/AboutSection.tsx b/frontend/app/components/landing/AboutSection.tsx
index 80e5c2b97..476b12754 100644
--- a/frontend/app/components/landing/AboutSection.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/components/landing/AboutSection.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
+"use client";
+
 import Image from "next/image";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
 
 export default function AboutSection() {
+  const t = useTranslations("landing");
+
   return (
     <section
       id="about"
@@ -10,28 +15,25 @@ export default function AboutSection() {
     >
       <div className="max-w-3xl mx-auto">
         <h2 className="text-[#FCFFFF] uppercase tracking-[0.3em] text-[32px] mb-4 animate-slide-up">
-          What is InheritX?
+          {t("aboutTitle")}
         </h2>
         <h3
           className="text-[#92A5A8] text-[14px] font-bold mb-6 animate-slide-up"
           style={{ animationDelay: "0.1s" }}
         >
-          Without roots, nothing grows.
+          {t("aboutTagline")}
         </h3>
         <p
           className="text-[18px] text-[#FCFFFF] leading-relaxed mb-8 animate-slide-up"
           style={{ animationDelay: "0.2s" }}
         >
-          InheritX simplifies digital wealth transfer by introducing yield-generating
-          inheritance plans with multi-beneficiary allocations. Your locked assets accrue interest
-          continuously, maximizing the value passed to your heirs.
+          {t("aboutBody1")}
         </p>
         <div
           className="text-[18px] text-[#FCFFFF] animate-slide-up"
           style={{ animationDelay: "0.3s" }}
         >
-          Through integrated Stellar Anchors, your heirs receive payouts directly
-          in their local fiat bank accounts or mobile money wallets, bypassing any Web3 complexity.
+          {t("aboutBody2")}
         </div>
       </div>
       {/* Decorative tree-like background glow */}
diff --git a/frontend/app/components/landing/BenefitsSection.tsx b/frontend/app/components/landing/BenefitsSection.tsx
index 6c52281ae..01dec09f6 100644
--- a/frontend/app/components/landing/BenefitsSection.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/components/landing/BenefitsSection.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
+"use client";
+
 import { ThumbsUp, ShieldCheck, Settings, Zap, ArrowUpRight } from "lucide-react";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
 
 const FeatureCard = ({
   icon: Icon,
@@ -17,9 +20,7 @@ const FeatureCard = ({
 }) => (
   <div
     className="py-15 px-8 border-13 border-[#1C252A] bg-[#161E22] group text-center flex flex-col items-center shadow-[inset_0_2px_20px_rgba(0,0,0,0.15)] transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-400/30 hover:shadow-[inset_0_2px_30px_rgba(51,197,224,0.1)] animate-slide-up focus-within:outline-offset-2 focus-within:outline-2 focus-within:outline-cyan-400"
-    style={{
-      animationDelay: `${index * 0.1}s`,
-    }}
+    style={{ animationDelay: `${index * 0.1}s` }}
   >
     <div className="bg-transparent p-3 w-fit mb-4 transition-transform duration-300 group-hover:scale-110 group-hover:animate-float">
       <Icon className="text-cyan-400" size={32} aria-hidden={true} />
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@ const FeatureCard = ({
 );
 
 export default function BenefitsSection() {
+  const t = useTranslations("landing");
+
   return (
     <section
       id="benefits"
@@ -40,50 +43,47 @@ export default function BenefitsSection() {
       <div className="">
         <div className="md:w-[796px] w-full mx-auto bg-[#1a2329] mb-8 md:mb-16 rounded-3xl p-6 md:p-12 border border-[#1C252A] transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-400/30 hover:shadow-[inset_0_2px_40px_rgba(51,197,224,0.05)] animate-slide-up">
           <h2 className="text-[32px] font-bold text-[#FCFFFF] mb-2">
-            Benefits Of InheritX
+            {t("benefitsTitle")}
           </h2>
           <p className="text-[#92A5A8] text-[14px] uppercase tracking-wider">
-            Here&apos;s why you should choose us
+            {t("benefitsSubtitle")}
           </p>
 
           <div className="mt-6 max-w-2xl text-slate-400 leading-relaxed text-sm">
             <p className="mb-4 text-[#FCFFFF] text-[18px]">
-              <span className="font-semibold">InheritX</span>
-              helps you plan and allocate your digital wealth with maximum yield generation,
-              ensuring your capital grows until the moment of transfer.
+              <span className="font-semibold">InheritX </span>
+              {t("benefitsBody1")}
             </p>
             <p className="text-[#FCFFFF] text-[18px]">
-              Distribute to any number of heirs via customizable percentage splits, and settle
-              automatically in local fiat cash straight to their local bank accounts using Stellar anchors.
+              {t("benefitsBody2")}
             </p>
           </div>
         </div>
 
         <div className="max-w-7xl mx-auto relative rounded-3xl overflow-hidden">
-          {/* The Grid Content */}
           <div className="grid md:grid-cols-4">
             <FeatureCard
               icon={ThumbsUp}
-              title="Yield on Inheritance"
-              desc="Assets earn yield continuously in the background, maximizing value for heirs."
+              title={t("benefit1Title")}
+              desc={t("benefit1Desc")}
               index={0}
             />
             <FeatureCard
               icon={ShieldCheck}
-              title="Mass Payout Splits"
-              desc="Configure allocations for multiple beneficiaries to split assets smoothly."
+              title={t("benefit2Title")}
+              desc={t("benefit2Desc")}
               index={1}
             />
             <FeatureCard
               icon={Settings}
-              title="Fiat Off-Ramping"
-              desc="Settlement via Stellar Anchors directly to bank accounts and mobile money."
+              title={t("benefit3Title")}
+              desc={t("benefit3Desc")}
               index={2}
             />
             <FeatureCard
               icon={Zap}
-              title="Proof-of-Life Pings"
-              desc="Smart contract handles trigger conditions dynamically without third parties."
+              title={t("benefit4Title")}
+              desc={t("benefit4Desc")}
               index={3}
             />
           </div>
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ export default function BenefitsSection() {
             className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center gap-4 bg-cyan-400 text-black px-8 py-2 rounded-t-[8px] rounded-b-[16px] cursor-pointer transition-all duration-300 hover:bg-cyan-300 active:scale-95 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 font-semibold"
             aria-label="Create your inheritance plan"
           >
-            CREATE YOUR PLAN
+            {t("createYourPlan")}
             <ArrowUpRight size={16} aria-hidden={true} />
           </button>
         </div>
diff --git a/frontend/app/components/landing/HowItWorksSection.tsx b/frontend/app/components/landing/HowItWorksSection.tsx
index d0259784f..154700a6f 100644
--- a/frontend/app/components/landing/HowItWorksSection.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/components/landing/HowItWorksSection.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
+"use client";
+
 import { TreePine, Sprout, Leaf, ArrowUpRight } from "lucide-react";
 import Image from "next/image";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
 
 export default function HowItWorksSection() {
+  const t = useTranslations("landing");
+
   return (
     <section
       id="how-it-works"
@@ -47,24 +52,21 @@ export default function HowItWorksSection() {
                 aria-hidden={true}
               />
               <span className="text-[#FCFFFF] font-bold text-[18px]">
-                How It Works
+                {t("howItWorksTitle")}
               </span>
               <span className="text-[#FCFFFF] text-[14px] mt-1">
-                Here&apos;s how your legacy flows
+                {t("howItWorksSubtitle")}
               </span>
             </div>
           </div>
 
           {/* Step 1 - Bottom Position */}
           <div className="text-center relative group z-10 animate-scale-in">
-            {/* Connecting dot on line */}
             <div
               className="w-4 h-4 bg-slate-700 rounded-full mx-auto md:absolute md:top-1/2 md:left-1/2 md:-translate-x-1/2 md:-translate-y-1/2 group-hover:bg-cyan-400 transition-all duration-300 z-20 mb-4 md:mb-0 will-change-colors"
               role="presentation"
               aria-hidden={true}
             ></div>
-
-            {/* Content below line */}
             <div className="flex flex-col items-center">
               <div className="mb-4 md:mb-50 border-[3px] border-[#1C252A] bg-[#161E22] w-[80px] h-[80px] rounded-full flex items-center justify-center mx-auto shadow-lg transition-all duration-300 group-hover:border-cyan-400/50 group-hover:shadow-[0_0_20px_rgba(51,197,224,0.3)]">
                 <Sprout
@@ -74,24 +76,21 @@ export default function HowItWorksSection() {
                 />
               </div>
               <h4 className="text-[#FCFFFF] font-semibold text-[18px] mb-2">
-                1. Deposit & Grow
+                {t("step1Title")}
               </h4>
               <p className="text-[14px] text-[#92A5A8] max-w-[200px] mx-auto">
-                Fund Your Plan and Opt-In to Earn Continuous Yield.
+                {t("step1Desc")}
               </p>
             </div>
           </div>
 
           {/* Step 2 - Top Position */}
           <div className="text-center relative group z-10 animate-scale-in">
-            {/* Connecting dot on line */}
             <div
               className="w-4 h-4 bg-slate-700 rounded-full mx-auto md:absolute md:top-1/2 md:left-1/2 md:-translate-x-1/2 md:-translate-y-1/2 group-hover:bg-cyan-400 transition-all duration-300 z-20 mb-4 md:mb-0 will-change-colors"
               role="presentation"
               aria-hidden={true}
             ></div>
-
-            {/* Content above line */}
             <div className="flex flex-col md:flex-col-reverse items-center">
               <div className="mb-4 md:mt-50 border-[3px] border-[#1C252A] bg-[#161E22] w-[80px] h-[80px] rounded-full flex items-center justify-center mx-auto shadow-lg transition-all duration-300 group-hover:border-cyan-400/50 group-hover:shadow-[0_0_20px_rgba(51,197,224,0.3)]">
                 <Leaf
@@ -101,24 +100,21 @@ export default function HowItWorksSection() {
                 />
               </div>
               <p className="text-[14px] text-[#92A5A8] max-w-[200px] mx-auto">
-                Add Multiple Beneficiaries and Setup Allocation Splits.
+                {t("step2Desc")}
               </p>
               <h4 className="text-[#FCFFFF] font-semibold text-[18px] mb-2">
-                2. Configure Mass Payout
+                {t("step2Title")}
               </h4>
             </div>
           </div>
 
           {/* Step 3 - Bottom Position */}
           <div className="text-center relative group z-10 animate-scale-in">
-            {/* Connecting dot on line */}
             <div
               className="w-4 h-4 bg-slate-700 rounded-full mx-auto md:absolute md:top-1/2 md:left-1/2 md:-translate-x-1/2 md:-translate-y-1/2 group-hover:bg-cyan-400 transition-all duration-300 z-20 mb-4 md:mb-0 will-change-colors"
               role="presentation"
               aria-hidden={true}
             ></div>
-
-            {/* Content below line */}
             <div className="flex flex-col items-center">
               <div className="mb-4 md:mb-50 border-[3px] border-[#1C252A] bg-[#161E22] w-[80px] h-[80px] rounded-full flex items-center justify-center mx-auto shadow-lg transition-all duration-300 group-hover:border-cyan-400/50 group-hover:shadow-[0_0_20px_rgba(51,197,224,0.3)]">
                 <TreePine
@@ -128,10 +124,10 @@ export default function HowItWorksSection() {
                 />
               </div>
               <h4 className="text-[#FCFFFF] font-semibold text-[18px] mb-2">
-                3. Direct Fiat off-ramp
+                {t("step3Title")}
               </h4>
               <p className="text-[14px] text-[#92A5A8] max-w-[200px] mx-auto">
-                Receive directly in local fiat cash via Stellar Anchors.
+                {t("step3Desc")}
               </p>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -143,26 +139,20 @@ export default function HowItWorksSection() {
         <div className="static md:absolute md:-right-10 space-y-8 max-w-full animate-slide-up">
           <div className="border-r-[0px] border-[13px] border-[#1C252A] rounded-l-[18px] py-6 px-14 shadow-[inset_0_2px_20px_rgba(0,0,0,0.15)] transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-400/30 hover:shadow-[inset_0_2px_30px_rgba(51,197,224,0.1)]">
             <h3 className="text-[18px] font-bold text-[#FCFFFF] mb-4">
-              Why this works:
+              {t("whyWorksTitle")}
             </h3>
             <ul className="space-y-2 text-[14px] text-[#92A5A8]">
               <li className="flex gap-2 transition-all duration-300 hover:text-cyan-400">
-                <span className="">•</span>
-                <span>
-                  Starts with purpose &mdash; &ldquo;Helping your legacy reach
-                  the people who matter&rdquo; sets an emotional tone
-                </span>
+                <span>•</span>
+                <span>{t("whyWorks1")}</span>
               </li>
               <li className="flex gap-2 transition-all duration-300 hover:text-cyan-400">
                 <span>•</span>
-                <span>One short paragraph — easy to skim.</span>
+                <span>{t("whyWorks2")}</span>
               </li>
               <li className="flex gap-2 transition-all duration-300 hover:text-cyan-400">
                 <span>•</span>
-                <span>
-                  Metaphor tie-in &mdash; connects to your tree concept in a
-                  natural way.
-                </span>
+                <span>{t("whyWorks3")}</span>
               </li>
             </ul>
           </div>
@@ -171,7 +161,7 @@ export default function HowItWorksSection() {
             className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center gap-4 bg-cyan-400 text-black px-8 py-2 rounded-t-[8px] rounded-b-[16px] cursor-pointer transition-all duration-300 hover:bg-cyan-300 active:scale-95 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 font-semibold"
             aria-label="Get started with InheritX"
           >
-            GET STARTED
+            {t("getStarted")}
             <ArrowUpRight size={16} aria-hidden={true} />
           </button>
         </div>
diff --git a/frontend/app/layout.tsx b/frontend/app/layout.tsx
index a4b6214f7..a7a1a71ee 100644
--- a/frontend/app/layout.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/layout.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import { WalletProvider } from "@/context/WalletContext";
 import { AdminAuthProvider } from "@/context/AdminAuthContext";
 import { KYCProvider } from "@/context/KYCContext";
 import { WalletModal } from "@/components/WalletModal";
+import { NextIntlClientProvider } from "next-intl";
+import { getLocale, getMessages } from "next-intl/server";
 
 import {
   OrganizationStructuredData,
@@ -79,19 +81,16 @@ export const viewport: Viewport = {
 
 import { Vitals } from "@/app/components/Vitals";
 
-export default function RootLayout({
+export default async function RootLayout({
   children,
 }: Readonly<{
   children: React.ReactNode;
 }>) {
-  // We need to import these dynamically or ensure "use client" wraps them if passing context
-  // But Layout is a Server Component by default in Next.js App Router.
-  // We cannot use Context directly in a Server Component layout.
-  // So we need a "Providers" client component or assume WalletProvider is "use client".
-  // WalletProvider IS "use client".
+  const locale = await getLocale();
+  const messages = await getMessages();
 
   return (
-    <html lang="en" suppressHydrationWarning>
+    <html lang={locale} suppressHydrationWarning>
       <head>
         <meta name="color-scheme" content="dark" />
         <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
@@ -110,14 +109,16 @@ export default function RootLayout({
         suppressHydrationWarning
       >
         <Vitals />
-        <AdminAuthProvider>
-          <WalletProvider>
-            <KYCProvider>
-              <main className="">{children}</main>
-              <WalletModal />
-            </KYCProvider>
-          </WalletProvider>
-        </AdminAuthProvider>
+        <NextIntlClientProvider locale={locale} messages={messages}>
+          <AdminAuthProvider>
+            <WalletProvider>
+              <KYCProvider>
+                <main className="">{children}</main>
+                <WalletModal />
+              </KYCProvider>
+            </WalletProvider>
+          </AdminAuthProvider>
+        </NextIntlClientProvider>
       </body>
     </html>
   );
diff --git a/frontend/app/page.tsx b/frontend/app/page.tsx
index 670ac6bf5..3fe29b7df 100644
--- a/frontend/app/page.tsx
+++ b/frontend/app/page.tsx
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ import Image from "next/image";
 import dynamic from "next/dynamic";
 import { ArrowUpRight, Menu, X } from "lucide-react";
 import { ConnectButton } from "@/components/ConnectButton";
+import { LanguageSwitcher } from "@/components/LanguageSwitcher";
 import Link from "next/link";
 import Footer from "./components/Footer";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
 
 // --- Dynamic Imports for Performance ---
 
@@ -28,6 +30,9 @@ const BenefitsSection = dynamic(() => import("./components/landing/BenefitsSecti
 // --- Main Page ---
 
 export default function InheritXLanding() {
+  const t = useTranslations("landing");
+  const tNav = useTranslations("navbar");
+
   const [isMobileMenuOpen, setIsMobileMenuOpen] = useState(false);
   const [isScrolled, setIsScrolled] = useState(false);
 
@@ -71,25 +76,25 @@ export default function InheritXLanding() {
                 href="#hero"
                 className="hover:text-cyan-400 transition-colors focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-1"
               >
-                Home
+                {tNav("home")}
               </a>
               <a
                 href="/how-it-works"
                 className="hover:text-cyan-400 transition-colors focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-1"
               >
-                How it Works
+                {tNav("howItWorks")}
               </a>
               <Link
                 href="/faqs"
                 className="hover:text-cyan-400 transition-colors focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-1"
               >
-                FAQs
+                {tNav("faqs")}
               </Link>
               <Link
                 href="/contact"
                 className="hover:text-cyan-400 transition-colors focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-1"
               >
-                Contact
+                {tNav("contact")}
               </Link>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -115,33 +120,35 @@ export default function InheritXLanding() {
                 onClick={closeMenu}
                 className="text-slate-300 hover:text-cyan-400 py-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-2 uppercase"
               >
-                Home
+                {tNav("home")}
               </a>
               <a
                 href="/how-it-works"
                 onClick={closeMenu}
                 className="text-slate-300 hover:text-cyan-400 py-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-2 uppercase"
               >
-                How it Works
+                {tNav("howItWorks")}
               </a>
               <Link
                 href="/faqs"
                 onClick={closeMenu}
                 className="text-slate-300 hover:text-cyan-400 py-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-2 uppercase"
               >
-                FAQs
+                {tNav("faqs")}
               </Link>
               <Link
                 href="/contact"
                 onClick={closeMenu}
                 className="text-slate-300 hover:text-cyan-400 py-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 rounded-sm px-2 uppercase"
               >
-                Contact
+                {tNav("contact")}
               </Link>
+              <LanguageSwitcher />
               <ConnectButton />
             </div>
           )}
-          <div className="md:block hidden">
+          <div className="md:flex hidden items-center gap-3">
+            <LanguageSwitcher />
             <ConnectButton />
           </div>
         </nav>
@@ -151,22 +158,20 @@ export default function InheritXLanding() {
       <section id="hero" className="w-full h-full relative pb-20 md:pb-32 px-6 md:px-8 bg-transparent" role="region" aria-label="Hero section">
         <div className="max-w-7xl mx-auto relative z-10 pt-28 md:pt-48 flex flex-col items-start">
           <h1 className="text-4xl md:text-7xl font-bold text-white mb-6 leading-[1.2] md:leading-[1.1] animate-slide-up">
-            Yield-bearing, fiat-native <br />
-            digital inheritance on Stellar.
+            {t("heroTitle")}
           </h1>
           <p
             className="text-[16px] md:text-[18px] text-[#FCFFFF] mb-8 md:mb-10 leading-relaxed max-w-md md:max-w-none animate-slide-up"
             style={{ animationDelay: "0.2s" }}
           >
-            InheritX helps you secure yield-earning inheritance plans with mass payouts
-            <br className="hidden md:block" /> and direct local fiat off-ramping to bank accounts or mobile money via Stellar anchors.
+            {t("heroSubtitle")}
           </p>
           <button
             className="flex items-center gap-2 px-8 py-3 rounded-t-lg rounded-b-[18px] bg-[#33C5E0] text-black font-semibold cursor-pointer transition-all duration-300 hover:bg-cyan-300 active:scale-95 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-cyan-400 animate-slide-up"
             style={{ animationDelay: "0.3s" }}
             aria-label="Start creating your inheritance plan now"
           >
-            Start Now <ArrowUpRight size={16} aria-hidden={true} />
+            {t("startNow")} <ArrowUpRight size={16} aria-hidden={true} />
           </button>
         </div>
       </section>
diff --git a/frontend/components/LanguageSwitcher.tsx b/frontend/components/LanguageSwitcher.tsx
index 10da346d7..61874d52f 100644
--- a/frontend/components/LanguageSwitcher.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/LanguageSwitcher.tsx
@@ -1,32 +1,42 @@
 "use client";
 
-import { useAppStore } from "@/store/index";
-import { locales, localeNames, type Locale } from "@/i18n/config";
+import { useLocale } from "next-intl";
 import { useRouter, usePathname } from "next/navigation";
+import { useTransition } from "react";
+import { locales, localeNames, type Locale } from "@/i18n/config";
 
 export function LanguageSwitcher() {
-  const locale = useAppStore((s) => s.locale);
-  const setLocale = useAppStore((s) => s.setLocale);
+  const locale = useLocale();
   const router = useRouter();
   const pathname = usePathname();
+  const [isPending, startTransition] = useTransition();
 
   const handleChange = (newLocale: Locale) => {
-    setLocale(newLocale);
-    // next-intl locale prefix routing: replace current locale segment
-    const segments = pathname.split("/");
-    if (locales.includes(segments[1] as Locale)) {
-      segments[1] = newLocale;
-    } else {
-      segments.splice(1, 0, newLocale);
-    }
-    router.push(segments.join("/") || "/");
+    // next-intl middleware reads NEXT_LOCALE cookie for preference persistence.
+    // Setting it here ensures the selection survives hard reloads and new tabs.
+    document.cookie = `NEXT_LOCALE=${newLocale}; path=/; max-age=31536000; SameSite=Lax`;
+
+    startTransition(() => {
+      // Strip any existing locale prefix then push the new one.
+      // With localePrefix "as-needed", the default locale ("en") has no prefix.
+      const segments = pathname.split("/").filter(Boolean);
+      if (locales.includes(segments[0] as Locale)) {
+        segments.shift();
+      }
+      const newPath =
+        newLocale === "en"
+          ? "/" + segments.join("/")
+          : `/${newLocale}/${segments.join("/")}`;
+      router.push(newPath || "/");
+    });
   };
 
   return (
     <select
       value={locale}
       onChange={(e) => handleChange(e.target.value as Locale)}
-      className="bg-[#1C252A] text-[#92A5A8] text-sm rounded-lg px-3 py-1.5 border border-[#2A3338] focus:outline-none focus:border-[#33C5E0]"
+      disabled={isPending}
+      className="bg-[#1C252A] text-[#92A5A8] text-sm rounded-lg px-3 py-1.5 border border-[#2A3338] focus:outline-none focus:border-[#33C5E0] disabled:opacity-60 cursor-pointer"
       aria-label="Select language"
     >
       {locales.map((l) => (
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/DashboardHeader.tsx b/frontend/components/dashboard/DashboardHeader.tsx
index 24949d609..b850b54cf 100644
--- a/frontend/components/dashboard/DashboardHeader.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/DashboardHeader.tsx
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 "use client";
 import { useWallet } from "@/context/WalletContext";
 import { ConnectButton } from "@/components/ConnectButton";
+import { LanguageSwitcher } from "@/components/LanguageSwitcher";
 import { formatAddress } from "@/util/address";
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
 
 export function DashboardHeader() {
   const { isConnected, address } = useWallet();
+  const t = useTranslations("dashboardHeader");
 
   return (
     <header className="h-14 flex items-center justify-between px-6 border-b border-white/10 bg-[#0d1117] shrink-0">
@@ -16,7 +19,7 @@ export function DashboardHeader() {
           }`}
         />
         <span className="text-xs text-gray-500">
-          {isConnected ? "Wallet Connected" : "Wallet Disconnected"}
+          {isConnected ? t("walletConnected") : t("walletDisconnected")}
         </span>
         {isConnected && address && (
           <span className="text-xs text-primary font-mono ml-1">
@@ -25,8 +28,11 @@ export function DashboardHeader() {
         )}
       </div>
 
-      {/* Right side — connect button or address dropdown */}
-      <ConnectButton targetUI="dashboard" />
+      {/* Right side */}
+      <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
+        <LanguageSwitcher />
+        <ConnectButton targetUI="dashboard" />
+      </div>
     </header>
   );
 }
diff --git a/frontend/components/dashboard/SidebarNav.tsx b/frontend/components/dashboard/SidebarNav.tsx
index da6e4fd8f..7d84db2b3 100644
--- a/frontend/components/dashboard/SidebarNav.tsx
+++ b/frontend/components/dashboard/SidebarNav.tsx
@@ -8,42 +8,21 @@ import HomeIcon from "@/app/svg/HomeIcon";
 import PlansIcon from "@/app/svg/PlansIcon";
 import ClaimIcon from "@/app/svg/ClaimIcon";
 import SecurityIcon from "@/app/svg/SecurityIcon";
-
-const navItems = [
-  {
-    label: "Overview",
-    href: "/asset-owner",
-    icon: <HomeIcon />,
-  },
-  {
-    label: "Create Plan",
-    href: "/asset-owner/plans/create",
-    icon: <PlansIcon />,
-  },
-  {
-    label: "Edit Plan",
-    href: "/asset-owner/plans/edit",
-    icon: <PlansIcon />,
-  },
-  {
-    label: "Claim Plan",
-    href: "/asset-owner/plans/claim",
-    icon: <ClaimIcon />,
-  },
-  {
-    label: "KYC Verification",
-    href: "/asset-owner/kyc",
-    icon: <SecurityIcon />,
-  },
-  {
-    label: "Admin Dashboard",
-    href: "/admin/dashboard",
-    icon: <ShieldCheck size={16} />,
-  },
-];
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
 
 function NavLinks({ onClose }: { onClose?: () => void }) {
   const pathname = usePathname();
+  const t = useTranslations("sidebar");
+
+  const navItems = [
+    { labelKey: "overview" as const, href: "/asset-owner", icon: <HomeIcon /> },
+    { labelKey: "createPlan" as const, href: "/asset-owner/plans/create", icon: <PlansIcon /> },
+    { labelKey: "editPlan" as const, href: "/asset-owner/plans/edit", icon: <PlansIcon /> },
+    { labelKey: "claimPlan" as const, href: "/asset-owner/plans/claim", icon: <ClaimIcon /> },
+    { labelKey: "kycVerification" as const, href: "/asset-owner/kyc", icon: <SecurityIcon /> },
+    { labelKey: "adminDashboard" as const, href: "/admin/dashboard", icon: <ShieldCheck size={16} /> },
+  ];
+
   return (
     <nav className="flex flex-col gap-1 mt-6">
       {navItems.map((item) => {
@@ -54,11 +33,13 @@ function NavLinks({ onClose }: { onClose?: () => void }) {
             href={item.href}
             onClick={onClose}
             className={`flex items-center gap-3 px-4 py-2.5 rounded-lg text-sm font-medium transition-colors ${
-              isActive ? "bg-primary/10 text-primary border border-primary/20" : "text-gray-400 hover:text-foreground hover:bg-white/5"
+              isActive
+                ? "bg-primary/10 text-primary border border-primary/20"
+                : "text-gray-400 hover:text-foreground hover:bg-white/5"
             }`}
           >
             <span className={isActive ? "text-primary" : "text-gray-500"}>{item.icon}</span>
-            {item.label}
+            {t(item.labelKey)}
           </Link>
         );
       })}
@@ -79,7 +60,7 @@ export function SidebarNav() {
         <NavLinks />
       </aside>
 
-      {/* ── Mobile Top Bar (visible only on mobile, sits at top of page) ── */}
+      {/* ── Mobile Top Bar ── */}
       <div className="md:hidden fixed top-0 left-0 right-0 z-30 flex items-center justify-between px-4 h-14 bg-[#0d1117] border-b border-white/10">
         <button onClick={() => setIsOpen(true)} className="text-gray-400 hover:text-foreground p-1" aria-label="Open menu">
           <Menu size={20} />
@@ -87,14 +68,13 @@ export function SidebarNav() {
         <span className="text-primary font-semibold tracking-wide text-sm uppercase">InheritX</span>
       </div>
 
-      {/* ── Spacer so page content clears the fixed mobile top bar ── */}
+      {/* ── Spacer ── */}
       <div className="md:hidden h-14 shrink-0" />
 
       {/* ── Mobile Drawer ── */}
       <AnimatePresence>
         {isOpen && (
           <>
-            {/* Backdrop */}
             <motion.div
               initial={{ opacity: 0 }}
               animate={{ opacity: 1 }}
@@ -102,8 +82,6 @@ export function SidebarNav() {
               onClick={() => setIsOpen(false)}
               className="fixed inset-0 bg-black/60 z-40 md:hidden"
             />
-
-            {/* Drawer panel */}
             <motion.div
               initial={{ x: "-100%" }}
               animate={{ x: 0 }}
diff --git a/frontend/i18n/config.ts b/frontend/i18n/config.ts
index 0f5274c2e..359aef775 100644
--- a/frontend/i18n/config.ts
+++ b/frontend/i18n/config.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 /**
  * i18n configuration
- * Install: npm install next-intl
  */
 
-export const locales = ["en", "fr", "es"] as const;
+export const locales = ["en", "fr", "es", "pt"] as const;
 export type Locale = (typeof locales)[number];
 export const defaultLocale: Locale = "en";
 
@@ -11,4 +10,5 @@ export const localeNames: Record<Locale, string> = {
   en: "English",
   fr: "Français",
   es: "Español",
+  pt: "Português",
 };
diff --git a/frontend/messages/en.json b/frontend/messages/en.json
index 8b8e0e23f..5daf6d33c 100644
--- a/frontend/messages/en.json
+++ b/frontend/messages/en.json
@@ -112,5 +112,87 @@
     "notFound": "Resource not found.",
     "serverError": "Server error. Please try again later.",
     "unauthorized": "You are not authorized to perform this action."
+  },
+  "landing": {
+    "heroTitle": "Yield-bearing, fiat-native digital inheritance on Stellar.",
+    "heroSubtitle": "InheritX helps you secure yield-earning inheritance plans with mass payouts and direct local fiat off-ramping to bank accounts or mobile money via Stellar anchors.",
+    "startNow": "Start Now",
+    "aboutTitle": "What is InheritX?",
+    "aboutTagline": "Without roots, nothing grows.",
+    "aboutBody1": "InheritX simplifies digital wealth transfer by introducing yield-generating inheritance plans with multi-beneficiary allocations. Your locked assets accrue interest continuously, maximizing the value passed to your heirs.",
+    "aboutBody2": "Through integrated Stellar Anchors, your heirs receive payouts directly in their local fiat bank accounts or mobile money wallets, bypassing any Web3 complexity.",
+    "howItWorksTitle": "How It Works",
+    "howItWorksSubtitle": "Here's how your legacy flows",
+    "step1Title": "1. Deposit & Grow",
+    "step1Desc": "Fund Your Plan and Opt-In to Earn Continuous Yield.",
+    "step2Title": "2. Configure Mass Payout",
+    "step2Desc": "Add Multiple Beneficiaries and Setup Allocation Splits.",
+    "step3Title": "3. Direct Fiat off-ramp",
+    "step3Desc": "Receive directly in local fiat cash via Stellar Anchors.",
+    "whyWorksTitle": "Why this works:",
+    "whyWorks1": "Starts with purpose — \"Helping your legacy reach the people who matter\" sets an emotional tone",
+    "whyWorks2": "One short paragraph — easy to skim.",
+    "whyWorks3": "Metaphor tie-in — connects to your tree concept in a natural way.",
+    "getStarted": "GET STARTED",
+    "benefitsTitle": "Benefits Of InheritX",
+    "benefitsSubtitle": "Here's why you should choose us",
+    "benefitsBody1": "InheritX helps you plan and allocate your digital wealth with maximum yield generation, ensuring your capital grows until the moment of transfer.",
+    "benefitsBody2": "Distribute to any number of heirs via customizable percentage splits, and settle automatically in local fiat cash straight to their local bank accounts using Stellar anchors.",
+    "benefit1Title": "Yield on Inheritance",
+    "benefit1Desc": "Assets earn yield continuously in the background, maximizing value for heirs.",
+    "benefit2Title": "Mass Payout Splits",
+    "benefit2Desc": "Configure allocations for multiple beneficiaries to split assets smoothly.",
+    "benefit3Title": "Fiat Off-Ramping",
+    "benefit3Desc": "Settlement via Stellar Anchors directly to bank accounts and mobile money.",
+    "benefit4Title": "Proof-of-Life Pings",
+    "benefit4Desc": "Smart contract handles trigger conditions dynamically without third parties.",
+    "createYourPlan": "CREATE YOUR PLAN"
+  },
+  "navbar": {
+    "home": "Home",
+    "howItWorks": "How it Works",
+    "faqs": "FAQs",
+    "contact": "Contact"
+  },
+  "admin": {
+    "dashboard": "Admin Dashboard",
+    "dashboardDesc": "Platform-wide metrics and asset overview",
+    "mockDataWarning": "Backend unavailable — showing mock data derived from local user records.",
+    "userManagement": "User Management",
+    "userManagementDesc": "Manage users, KYC approvals, and active plans.",
+    "totalUsers": "Total Users",
+    "kycPending": "KYC Pending",
+    "activeUsers": "Active Users",
+    "suspended": "Suspended",
+    "showing": "Showing",
+    "of": "of",
+    "users": "users",
+    "signIn": "Sign in to continue",
+    "adminPortal": "Admin Portal",
+    "emailAddress": "Email address",
+    "password": "Password",
+    "signingIn": "Signing in...",
+    "signInButton": "Sign in"
+  },
+  "assetOwner": {
+    "overview": "Overview",
+    "welcomeDesc": "Welcome to your InheritX dashboard.",
+    "walletStatus": "Wallet Status",
+    "connected": "Connected",
+    "notConnected": "Not connected",
+    "walletAddress": "Wallet Address",
+    "connectWallet": "Connect Wallet"
+  },
+  "dashboardHeader": {
+    "walletConnected": "Wallet Connected",
+    "walletDisconnected": "Wallet Disconnected"
+  },
+  "sidebar": {
+    "overview": "Overview",
+    "createPlan": "Create Plan",
+    "editPlan": "Edit Plan",
+    "claimPlan": "Claim Plan",
+    "kycVerification": "KYC Verification",
+    "adminDashboard": "Admin Dashboard"
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontend/messages/es.json b/frontend/messages/es.json
index d4a086050..ccb92c2a7 100644
--- a/frontend/messages/es.json
+++ b/frontend/messages/es.json
@@ -112,5 +112,87 @@
     "notFound": "Recurso no encontrado.",
     "serverError": "Error del servidor. Inténtalo de nuevo.",
     "unauthorized": "No estás autorizado para realizar esta acción."
+  },
+  "landing": {
+    "heroTitle": "Herencia digital nativa en fiat con rendimiento en Stellar.",
+    "heroSubtitle": "InheritX te ayuda a asegurar planes de herencia con rendimiento, pagos masivos y retiro directo en moneda local a cuentas bancarias o carteras de dinero móvil a través de anclajes Stellar.",
+    "startNow": "Comenzar",
+    "aboutTitle": "¿Qué es InheritX?",
+    "aboutTagline": "Sin raíces, nada crece.",
+    "aboutBody1": "InheritX simplifica la transferencia de riqueza digital introduciendo planes de herencia con generación de rendimiento y asignaciones para múltiples beneficiarios. Tus activos bloqueados acumulan intereses continuamente, maximizando el valor transferido a tus herederos.",
+    "aboutBody2": "A través de anclajes Stellar integrados, tus herederos reciben pagos directamente en sus cuentas bancarias locales o carteras de dinero móvil, evitando cualquier complejidad de Web3.",
+    "howItWorksTitle": "Cómo funciona",
+    "howItWorksSubtitle": "Así es como fluye tu legado",
+    "step1Title": "1. Deposita y crece",
+    "step1Desc": "Financia tu plan y opta por ganar rendimiento continuo.",
+    "step2Title": "2. Configura el pago masivo",
+    "step2Desc": "Agrega múltiples beneficiarios y configura las divisiones de asignación.",
+    "step3Title": "3. Retiro directo en fiat",
+    "step3Desc": "Recibe directamente en efectivo fiat local a través de anclajes Stellar.",
+    "whyWorksTitle": "Por qué funciona:",
+    "whyWorks1": "Comienza con propósito — \"Ayudando a tu legado a llegar a las personas que importan\" establece un tono emocional",
+    "whyWorks2": "Un párrafo corto — fácil de hojear.",
+    "whyWorks3": "Conexión con la metáfora — se conecta a tu concepto de árbol de forma natural.",
+    "getStarted": "COMENZAR",
+    "benefitsTitle": "Beneficios de InheritX",
+    "benefitsSubtitle": "Por qué deberías elegirnos",
+    "benefitsBody1": "InheritX te ayuda a planificar y asignar tu riqueza digital con máxima generación de rendimiento, garantizando que tu capital crezca hasta el momento de la transferencia.",
+    "benefitsBody2": "Distribuye a cualquier número de herederos mediante divisiones porcentuales personalizables, y liquida automáticamente en efectivo fiat local directamente en sus cuentas bancarias locales usando anclajes Stellar.",
+    "benefit1Title": "Rendimiento en la herencia",
+    "benefit1Desc": "Los activos generan rendimiento continuamente en segundo plano, maximizando el valor para los herederos.",
+    "benefit2Title": "Divisiones de pago masivo",
+    "benefit2Desc": "Configura asignaciones para múltiples beneficiarios para dividir activos sin problemas.",
+    "benefit3Title": "Retiro en fiat",
+    "benefit3Desc": "Liquidación a través de anclajes Stellar directamente a cuentas bancarias y carteras de dinero móvil.",
+    "benefit4Title": "Pings de prueba de vida",
+    "benefit4Desc": "El contrato inteligente maneja las condiciones de activación dinámicamente sin terceros.",
+    "createYourPlan": "CREAR TU PLAN"
+  },
+  "navbar": {
+    "home": "Inicio",
+    "howItWorks": "Cómo funciona",
+    "faqs": "Preguntas frecuentes",
+    "contact": "Contacto"
+  },
+  "admin": {
+    "dashboard": "Panel administrativo",
+    "dashboardDesc": "Métricas generales de la plataforma y descripción general de activos",
+    "mockDataWarning": "Backend no disponible — mostrando datos simulados derivados de registros de usuarios locales.",
+    "userManagement": "Gestión de usuarios",
+    "userManagementDesc": "Gestiona usuarios, aprobaciones de KYC y planes activos.",
+    "totalUsers": "Total de usuarios",
+    "kycPending": "KYC pendiente",
+    "activeUsers": "Usuarios activos",
+    "suspended": "Suspendidos",
+    "showing": "Mostrando",
+    "of": "de",
+    "users": "usuarios",
+    "signIn": "Iniciar sesión para continuar",
+    "adminPortal": "Portal Admin",
+    "emailAddress": "Dirección de correo electrónico",
+    "password": "Contraseña",
+    "signingIn": "Iniciando sesión...",
+    "signInButton": "Iniciar sesión"
+  },
+  "assetOwner": {
+    "overview": "Resumen",
+    "welcomeDesc": "Bienvenido a tu panel de InheritX.",
+    "walletStatus": "Estado de la billetera",
+    "connected": "Conectado",
+    "notConnected": "No conectado",
+    "walletAddress": "Dirección de la billetera",
+    "connectWallet": "Conectar billetera"
+  },
+  "dashboardHeader": {
+    "walletConnected": "Billetera conectada",
+    "walletDisconnected": "Billetera desconectada"
+  },
+  "sidebar": {
+    "overview": "Resumen",
+    "createPlan": "Crear plan",
+    "editPlan": "Editar plan",
+    "claimPlan": "Reclamar plan",
+    "kycVerification": "Verificación KYC",
+    "adminDashboard": "Panel Admin"
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontend/messages/fr.json b/frontend/messages/fr.json
index e97535e54..2357ed865 100644
--- a/frontend/messages/fr.json
+++ b/frontend/messages/fr.json
@@ -112,5 +112,87 @@
     "notFound": "Ressource introuvable.",
     "serverError": "Erreur serveur. Veuillez réessayer.",
     "unauthorized": "Vous n'êtes pas autorisé à effectuer cette action."
+  },
+  "landing": {
+    "heroTitle": "Héritage numérique natif en fiat avec rendement sur Stellar.",
+    "heroSubtitle": "InheritX vous aide à sécuriser des plans d'héritage générateurs de rendement avec des paiements massifs et un retrait direct en monnaie locale vers des comptes bancaires ou des portefeuilles mobile money via les ancres Stellar.",
+    "startNow": "Commencer",
+    "aboutTitle": "Qu'est-ce qu'InheritX ?",
+    "aboutTagline": "Sans racines, rien ne pousse.",
+    "aboutBody1": "InheritX simplifie le transfert de richesse numérique en introduisant des plans d'héritage générateurs de rendement avec des allocations multi-bénéficiaires. Vos actifs bloqués accumulent des intérêts en continu, maximisant la valeur transmise à vos héritiers.",
+    "aboutBody2": "Grâce aux ancres Stellar intégrées, vos héritiers reçoivent des paiements directement sur leurs comptes bancaires locaux ou portefeuilles mobile money, sans aucune complexité Web3.",
+    "howItWorksTitle": "Comment ça marche",
+    "howItWorksSubtitle": "Voici comment votre héritage circule",
+    "step1Title": "1. Déposer et croître",
+    "step1Desc": "Financez votre plan et optez pour un rendement continu.",
+    "step2Title": "2. Configurer le paiement massif",
+    "step2Desc": "Ajoutez plusieurs bénéficiaires et configurez les répartitions.",
+    "step3Title": "3. Retrait direct en fiat",
+    "step3Desc": "Recevez directement en monnaie locale via les ancres Stellar.",
+    "whyWorksTitle": "Pourquoi ça fonctionne :",
+    "whyWorks1": "Commence avec un but — \"Aider votre héritage à atteindre les personnes qui comptent\" définit un ton émotionnel",
+    "whyWorks2": "Un court paragraphe — facile à parcourir.",
+    "whyWorks3": "Lien métaphorique — se connecte à votre concept d'arbre de manière naturelle.",
+    "getStarted": "COMMENCER",
+    "benefitsTitle": "Avantages d'InheritX",
+    "benefitsSubtitle": "Pourquoi vous devriez nous choisir",
+    "benefitsBody1": "InheritX vous aide à planifier et à allouer votre patrimoine numérique avec une génération de rendement maximale, garantissant que votre capital fructifie jusqu'au moment du transfert.",
+    "benefitsBody2": "Distribuez à n'importe quel nombre d'héritiers via des répartitions en pourcentage personnalisables, et réglez automatiquement en monnaie locale directement sur leurs comptes bancaires locaux via les ancres Stellar.",
+    "benefit1Title": "Rendement sur l'héritage",
+    "benefit1Desc": "Les actifs génèrent du rendement en continu en arrière-plan, maximisant la valeur pour les héritiers.",
+    "benefit2Title": "Répartitions de paiement massif",
+    "benefit2Desc": "Configurez des allocations pour plusieurs bénéficiaires afin de diviser les actifs en douceur.",
+    "benefit3Title": "Retrait en fiat",
+    "benefit3Desc": "Règlement via les ancres Stellar directement sur les comptes bancaires et les portefeuilles mobile money.",
+    "benefit4Title": "Pings de preuve de vie",
+    "benefit4Desc": "Le contrat intelligent gère les conditions de déclenchement dynamiquement sans tiers.",
+    "createYourPlan": "CRÉER VOTRE PLAN"
+  },
+  "navbar": {
+    "home": "Accueil",
+    "howItWorks": "Comment ça marche",
+    "faqs": "FAQ",
+    "contact": "Contact"
+  },
+  "admin": {
+    "dashboard": "Tableau de bord admin",
+    "dashboardDesc": "Métriques globales de la plateforme et aperçu des actifs",
+    "mockDataWarning": "Backend indisponible — affichage de données simulées dérivées des enregistrements locaux.",
+    "userManagement": "Gestion des utilisateurs",
+    "userManagementDesc": "Gérez les utilisateurs, les approbations KYC et les plans actifs.",
+    "totalUsers": "Total utilisateurs",
+    "kycPending": "KYC en attente",
+    "activeUsers": "Utilisateurs actifs",
+    "suspended": "Suspendus",
+    "showing": "Affichage de",
+    "of": "sur",
+    "users": "utilisateurs",
+    "signIn": "Se connecter pour continuer",
+    "adminPortal": "Portail Admin",
+    "emailAddress": "Adresse e-mail",
+    "password": "Mot de passe",
+    "signingIn": "Connexion...",
+    "signInButton": "Se connecter"
+  },
+  "assetOwner": {
+    "overview": "Aperçu",
+    "welcomeDesc": "Bienvenue sur votre tableau de bord InheritX.",
+    "walletStatus": "Statut du portefeuille",
+    "connected": "Connecté",
+    "notConnected": "Non connecté",
+    "walletAddress": "Adresse du portefeuille",
+    "connectWallet": "Connecter le portefeuille"
+  },
+  "dashboardHeader": {
+    "walletConnected": "Portefeuille connecté",
+    "walletDisconnected": "Portefeuille déconnecté"
+  },
+  "sidebar": {
+    "overview": "Aperçu",
+    "createPlan": "Créer un plan",
+    "editPlan": "Modifier le plan",
+    "claimPlan": "Réclamer le plan",
+    "kycVerification": "Vérification KYC",
+    "adminDashboard": "Tableau de bord Admin"
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontend/messages/pt.json b/frontend/messages/pt.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d4f802fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/messages/pt.json
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+{
+  "common": {
+    "loading": "Carregando...",
+    "error": "Algo deu errado",
+    "retry": "Tentar novamente",
+    "cancel": "Cancelar",
+    "confirm": "Confirmar",
+    "save": "Salvar",
+    "delete": "Excluir",
+    "edit": "Editar",
+    "close": "Fechar",
+    "back": "Voltar",
+    "next": "Próximo",
+    "submit": "Enviar",
+    "connect": "Conectar",
+    "disconnect": "Desconectar",
+    "search": "Pesquisar",
+    "filter": "Filtrar",
+    "noData": "Nenhum dado disponível"
+  },
+  "nav": {
+    "home": "Início",
+    "plans": "Planos",
+    "portfolio": "Portfólio",
+    "lending": "Empréstimo",
+    "claim": "Reivindicação",
+    "emergency": "Emergência",
+    "security": "Segurança",
+    "swap": "Troca",
+    "messages": "Mensagens",
+    "inactivity": "Inatividade"
+  },
+  "wallet": {
+    "connect": "Conectar carteira",
+    "connecting": "Conectando...",
+    "connected": "Conectado",
+    "disconnect": "Desconectar",
+    "selectWallet": "Selecione uma carteira",
+    "description": "Conecte sua carteira para começar com o InheritX"
+  },
+  "kyc": {
+    "title": "Verificação KYC",
+    "pending": "Pendente",
+    "submitted": "Enviado",
+    "approved": "Aprovado",
+    "rejected": "Rejeitado",
+    "submit": "Enviar KYC",
+    "submitting": "Enviando...",
+    "fullName": "Nome completo",
+    "email": "E-mail",
+    "dateOfBirth": "Data de nascimento",
+    "nationality": "Nacionalidade",
+    "idType": "Tipo de identificação",
+    "idNumber": "Número de identificação",
+    "expiryDate": "Data de validade",
+    "streetAddress": "Endereço",
+    "city": "Cidade",
+    "country": "País",
+    "postalCode": "CEP"
+  },
+  "plans": {
+    "title": "Meus Planos",
+    "createPlan": "Criar plano",
+    "noPlan": "Nenhum plano ainda",
+    "active": "Ativo",
+    "completed": "Concluído",
+    "pending": "Pendente",
+    "expired": "Expirado",
+    "assets": "Ativos",
+    "beneficiaries": "Beneficiários",
+    "trigger": "Gatilho",
+    "status": "Status"
+  },
+  "lending": {
+    "title": "Pool de empréstimos",
+    "deposit": "Depositar",
+    "withdraw": "Sacar",
+    "totalDeposits": "Total de depósitos",
+    "totalBorrowed": "Total emprestado",
+    "utilizationRate": "Taxa de utilização",
+    "currentApy": "APY atual",
+    "yourBalance": "Seu saldo",
+    "totalEarnings": "Ganhos totais",
+    "depositHistory": "Histórico de depósitos"
+  },
+  "claim": {
+    "title": "Reivindicações",
+    "submitClaim": "Enviar reivindicação",
+    "claimCode": "Código de reivindicação",
+    "activities": "Atividades",
+    "noClaims": "Nenhuma reivindicação encontrada"
+  },
+  "emergency": {
+    "title": "Acesso de emergência",
+    "activate": "Ativar emergência",
+    "revoke": "Revogar acesso",
+    "contacts": "Contatos de emergência",
+    "guardians": "Guardiões",
+    "auditLog": "Registro de auditoria",
+    "status": "Status"
+  },
+  "dashboard": {
+    "goodMorning": "Bom dia",
+    "activePlans": "Planos ativos",
+    "guardians": "Guardiões",
+    "createdPlans": "Planos criados",
+    "recentActivity": "Atividade recente"
+  },
+  "errors": {
+    "networkError": "Erro de rede. Verifique sua conexão.",
+    "authRequired": "Autenticação necessária.",
+    "notFound": "Recurso não encontrado.",
+    "serverError": "Erro no servidor. Tente novamente mais tarde.",
+    "unauthorized": "Você não está autorizado a realizar esta ação."
+  },
+  "landing": {
+    "heroTitle": "Herança digital nativa em fiat com rendimento no Stellar.",
+    "heroSubtitle": "O InheritX ajuda você a proteger planos de herança com rendimento, pagamentos em massa e retirada direta em moeda local para contas bancárias ou carteiras de dinheiro móvel via âncoras Stellar.",
+    "startNow": "Começar agora",
+    "aboutTitle": "O que é o InheritX?",
+    "aboutTagline": "Sem raízes, nada cresce.",
+    "aboutBody1": "O InheritX simplifica a transferência de riqueza digital introduzindo planos de herança com geração de rendimento e alocações para múltiplos beneficiários. Seus ativos bloqueados acumulam juros continuamente, maximizando o valor repassado aos seus herdeiros.",
+    "aboutBody2": "Por meio de âncoras Stellar integradas, seus herdeiros recebem pagamentos diretamente em suas contas bancárias locais ou carteiras de dinheiro móvel, sem qualquer complexidade do Web3.",
+    "howItWorksTitle": "Como funciona",
+    "howItWorksSubtitle": "Veja como seu legado flui",
+    "step1Title": "1. Deposite e cresça",
+    "step1Desc": "Financie seu plano e opte por ganhar rendimento contínuo.",
+    "step2Title": "2. Configure o pagamento em massa",
+    "step2Desc": "Adicione múltiplos beneficiários e configure divisões de alocação.",
+    "step3Title": "3. Retirada direta em fiat",
+    "step3Desc": "Receba diretamente em moeda local via âncoras Stellar.",
+    "whyWorksTitle": "Por que isso funciona:",
+    "whyWorks1": "Começa com propósito — \"Ajudando seu legado a alcançar as pessoas que importam\" define um tom emocional",
+    "whyWorks2": "Um parágrafo curto — fácil de escanear.",
+    "whyWorks3": "Conexão com a metáfora — se conecta ao seu conceito de árvore de forma natural.",
+    "getStarted": "COMEÇAR",
+    "benefitsTitle": "Benefícios do InheritX",
+    "benefitsSubtitle": "Por que você deve nos escolher",
+    "benefitsBody1": "O InheritX ajuda você a planejar e alocar sua riqueza digital com máxima geração de rendimento, garantindo que seu capital cresça até o momento da transferência.",
+    "benefitsBody2": "Distribua para qualquer número de herdeiros com divisões percentuais personalizáveis e liquide automaticamente em moeda local diretamente em suas contas bancárias locais usando âncoras Stellar.",
+    "benefit1Title": "Rendimento na herança",
+    "benefit1Desc": "Os ativos geram rendimento continuamente em segundo plano, maximizando o valor para os herdeiros.",
+    "benefit2Title": "Divisões de pagamento em massa",
+    "benefit2Desc": "Configure alocações para múltiplos beneficiários para dividir ativos suavemente.",
+    "benefit3Title": "Retirada em fiat",
+    "benefit3Desc": "Liquidação via âncoras Stellar diretamente para contas bancárias e carteiras de dinheiro móvel.",
+    "benefit4Title": "Pings de prova de vida",
+    "benefit4Desc": "O contrato inteligente lida com condições de gatilho dinamicamente sem terceiros.",
+    "createYourPlan": "CRIAR SEU PLANO"
+  },
+  "navbar": {
+    "home": "Início",
+    "howItWorks": "Como funciona",
+    "faqs": "Perguntas frequentes",
+    "contact": "Contato"
+  },
+  "admin": {
+    "dashboard": "Painel administrativo",
+    "dashboardDesc": "Métricas gerais da plataforma e visão geral dos ativos",
+    "mockDataWarning": "Backend indisponível — exibindo dados simulados derivados de registros locais de usuários.",
+    "userManagement": "Gestão de usuários",
+    "userManagementDesc": "Gerencie usuários, aprovações de KYC e planos ativos.",
+    "totalUsers": "Total de usuários",
+    "kycPending": "KYC pendente",
+    "activeUsers": "Usuários ativos",
+    "suspended": "Suspensos",
+    "showing": "Exibindo",
+    "of": "de",
+    "users": "usuários",
+    "signIn": "Entrar para continuar",
+    "adminPortal": "Portal Admin",
+    "emailAddress": "Endereço de e-mail",
+    "password": "Senha",
+    "signingIn": "Entrando...",
+    "signInButton": "Entrar"
+  },
+  "assetOwner": {
+    "overview": "Visão geral",
+    "welcomeDesc": "Bem-vindo ao seu painel InheritX.",
+    "walletStatus": "Status da carteira",
+    "connected": "Conectado",
+    "notConnected": "Não conectado",
+    "walletAddress": "Endereço da carteira",
+    "connectWallet": "Conectar carteira"
+  },
+  "dashboardHeader": {
+    "walletConnected": "Carteira conectada",
+    "walletDisconnected": "Carteira desconectada"
+  },
+  "sidebar": {
+    "overview": "Visão geral",
+    "createPlan": "Criar plano",
+    "editPlan": "Editar plano",
+    "claimPlan": "Reivindicar plano",
+    "kycVerification": "Verificação KYC",
+    "adminDashboard": "Painel Admin"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/middleware.ts b/frontend/middleware.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1fbe103a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/middleware.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import createMiddleware from "next-intl/middleware";
+import { locales, defaultLocale } from "./i18n/config";
+
+/**
+ * next-intl routing middleware
+ *
+ * Responsibilities:
+ * - Detects browser language from Accept-Language header
+ * - Redirects to the matched locale prefix (e.g. /fr/...) if supported
+ * - Falls back to defaultLocale ("en") if browser language is unsupported
+ * - Persists the chosen locale in a cookie (NEXT_LOCALE) so subsequent
+ *   visits skip detection — this also satisfies the localStorage/cookie
+ *   persistence requirement for language selection
+ */
+export default createMiddleware({
+  locales,
+  defaultLocale,
+  // "always" means every URL has an explicit locale prefix (/en, /fr, /es, /pt)
+  // "as-needed" omits the prefix for the default locale — better UX for EN users
+  localePrefix: "as-needed",
+  // Persist language choice in a cookie named NEXT_LOCALE
+  localeDetection: true,
+});
+
+export const config = {
+  // Match all paths except Next.js internals and static files
+  matcher: [
+    "/((?!_next|_vercel|.*\\..*).*)",
+  ],
+};
diff --git a/frontend/proxy.ts b/frontend/proxy.ts
index c2ae83447..ac56a5e2a 100644
--- a/frontend/proxy.ts
+++ b/frontend/proxy.ts
@@ -1,22 +1,35 @@
 import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import createIntlMiddleware from "next-intl/middleware";
+import { locales, defaultLocale } from "./i18n/config";
 
 /**
- * Security Headers Middleware — Issue #417
+ * Security Headers + i18n Middleware — proxy.ts
  *
- * Applies the following headers to every response:
- *  - Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS)
- *  - Content-Security-Policy (CSP)
- *  - X-Frame-Options
- *  - X-Content-Type-Options
- *  - Referrer-Policy
- *  - Permissions-Policy
- *  - X-XSS-Protection (legacy browsers)
+ * This file combines:
+ *  1. next-intl locale routing (browser language detection, locale prefix,
+ *     NEXT_LOCALE cookie persistence)
+ *  2. Security headers (HSTS, CSP, X-Frame-Options, etc.) — Issue #417
  *
- * All values can be overridden via environment variables so that
- * staging / production environments can tighten or relax policies
- * without a code change.
+ * Next.js only allows one middleware entry point. Because this project uses
+ * the custom "proxy" export convention, next-intl's middleware is composed
+ * here rather than in a separate middleware.ts file.
  */
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// next-intl locale middleware
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const intlMiddleware = createIntlMiddleware({
+  locales,
+  defaultLocale,
+  // "as-needed" omits the locale prefix for the default locale (en),
+  // so English users see /dashboard instead of /en/dashboard.
+  localePrefix: "as-needed",
+  // Reads Accept-Language header to detect browser language on first visit,
+  // then persists the choice in the NEXT_LOCALE cookie automatically.
+  localeDetection: true,
+});
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Helpers
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -128,7 +141,15 @@ function generateNonce(): string {
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 export function proxy(request: NextRequest): NextResponse {
-  const response = NextResponse.next();
+  // ── 0. Run next-intl locale routing first ────────────────────────────────
+  // This may return a redirect (e.g. / → /fr when browser is French) or
+  // a rewrite, so we must forward its response rather than always calling
+  // NextResponse.next().
+  const intlResponse = intlMiddleware(request);
+
+  // If next-intl issued a redirect or rewrite, apply security headers to
+  // that response and return it immediately.
+  const response = (intlResponse ?? NextResponse.next()) as NextResponse;
 
   const nonce = generateNonce();