Forbid const generics log (#7510)

## Description

Continuation of #7494.

## Checklist

- [x] I have linked to any relevant issues.
- [ ] I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand
areas.
- [ ] I have updated the documentation where relevant (API docs, the
reference, and the Sway book).
- [ ] If my change requires substantial documentation changes, I have
[requested support from the DevRel
team](https://github.com/FuelLabs/devrel-requests/issues/new/choose)
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works.
- [ ] I have added (or requested a maintainer to add) the necessary
`Breaking*` or `New Feature` labels where relevant.
- [x] I have done my best to ensure that my PR adheres to [the Fuel Labs
Code Review
Standards](https://github.com/FuelLabs/rfcs/blob/master/text/code-standards/external-contributors.md).
- [x] I have requested a review from the relevant team or maintainers.

Author: xunilrj

sway-core/src/semantic_analysis/ast_node/expression/intrinsic_function.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use crate::{
     },
     semantic_analysis::TypeCheckContext,
     type_system::*,
+    types::TypeMetadata,
 };
 
 impl ty::TyIntrinsicFunctionKind {
@@ -1496,11 +1497,25 @@ fn type_check_log(
             span,
         }));
     }
-    let ctx = ctx
-        .by_ref()
-        .with_help_text("")
-        .with_type_annotation(type_engine.new_unknown());
-    let exp = ty::TyExpression::type_check(handler, ctx, &arguments[0])?;
+
+    let exp = {
+        let ctx = ctx
+            .by_ref()
+            .with_help_text("")
+            .with_type_annotation(type_engine.new_unknown());
+        ty::TyExpression::type_check(handler, ctx, &arguments[0])?
+    };
+
+    // Forbid types with const generics on __log
+    let logged_expr = TypeMetadata::get_logged_expression(&exp, ctx.experimental.new_encoding)
+        .map_err(|err| handler.emit_err(err))?;
+    if logged_expr.return_type.has_const_generics(ctx.engines) {
+        let err = handler.emit_err(CompileError::ConstGenericNotSupportedHere {
+            span: logged_expr.span.clone(),
+        });
+        return Err(err);
+    }
+
     let intrinsic_function = ty::TyIntrinsicFunctionKind {
         kind,
         arguments: vec![exp],

test/src/e2e_vm_tests/test_programs/should_fail/unsupported_const_generics/src/main.sw

@@ -79,4 +79,6 @@ fn main() {
     let _: CrazyEnum<UNKNOWN> = CrazyEnum::A;
     let _: [u8; UNKNOWN] = [1u8];
     let _: str[UNKNOWN] = __to_str_array("abc");
+
+    __log(CrazyStruct::<1>{});
 }

test/src/e2e_vm_tests/test_programs/should_fail/unsupported_const_generics/stdout.snap

@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ error
 80 |     let _: [u8; UNKNOWN] = [1u8];
    |                 ^^^^^^^ Could not find symbol "UNKNOWN" in this scope.
 81 |     let _: str[UNKNOWN] = __to_str_array("abc");
-82 | }
+82 | 
    |
 ____
 
@@ -330,9 +330,21 @@ error
 80 |     let _: [u8; UNKNOWN] = [1u8];
 81 |     let _: str[UNKNOWN] = __to_str_array("abc");
    |                ^^^^^^^ Could not find symbol "UNKNOWN" in this scope.
-82 | }
+82 | 
+83 |     __log(CrazyStruct::<1>{});
    |
 ____
 
-  Aborting due to 23 errors.
+error
+  --> test/src/e2e_vm_tests/test_programs/should_fail/unsupported_const_generics/src/main.sw:83:11
+   |
+81 |     let _: str[UNKNOWN] = __to_str_array("abc");
+82 | 
+83 |     __log(CrazyStruct::<1>{});
+   |           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ "const generics" are not supported here.
+84 | }
+   |
+____
+
+  Aborting due to 24 errors.
 error: Failed to compile unsupported_const_generics