diff --git a/changelog.d/fix-tracking-precedence.fixed.md b/changelog.d/fix-tracking-precedence.fixed.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5c7fac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.d/fix-tracking-precedence.fixed.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix operator-precedence bug in the sparse L0 tracking condition. `i % tracking_n / 2 == 0` parsed as `(i % tracking_n) / 2 == 0`, which is equivalent to `i % tracking_n == 0`, so the intended 2x logging density was silently lost. The sparse loop now logs at stride `max(1, tracking_n // 2)` so its tracked DataFrame has ~2x the row density of the dense loop, matching the 2x epoch count.
diff --git a/src/microcalibrate/reweight.py b/src/microcalibrate/reweight.py
index 018ccba..a2d4ed0 100644
--- a/src/microcalibrate/reweight.py
+++ b/src/microcalibrate/reweight.py
@@ -224,7 +224,14 @@ def dropout_weights(weights: torch.Tensor, p: float) -> torch.Tensor:
             l_main = loss(estimate, targets, normalization_factor)
             l = l_main + l0_lambda * gates.get_penalty()
             close = pct_close(estimate, targets)
-            if i % tracking_n / 2 == 0:
+            # The sparse loop runs 2x as many epochs as the dense loop,
+            # so log twice as often (half the dense tracking stride).
+            # Without explicit parentheses the original expression
+            # `i % tracking_n / 2 == 0` parses as
+            # `(i % tracking_n) / 2 == 0`, which is equivalent to
+            # `i % tracking_n == 0` and silently loses the x2 density.
+            sparse_tracking_n = max(1, tracking_n // 2)
+            if i % sparse_tracking_n == 0:
                 epochs_sparse.append(i)
                 loss_over_epochs_sparse.append(l.item())
                 pct_close_over_epochs_sparse.append(close)
diff --git a/tests/test_sparse_tracking.py b/tests/test_sparse_tracking.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18e7847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_sparse_tracking.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+"""Regression test for the sparse tracking precedence bug (finding #4).
+
+The original expression ``i % tracking_n / 2 == 0`` parses as
+``(i % tracking_n) / 2 == 0``, which is equivalent to
+``i % tracking_n == 0`` -- the ``/ 2`` is a no-op. The intent was to
+log sparse-loop estimates twice as often as the dense loop (because
+the sparse loop runs 2x as many epochs). After the fix the sparse
+performance DataFrame has roughly 2x the row density of the dense one.
+"""
+
+import logging
+
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+import torch
+
+from microcalibrate.reweight import reweight
+
+
+def test_sparse_loop_logs_twice_as_often_as_dense() -> None:
+    """With the fix in place, the sparse performance DataFrame should
+    contain approximately twice as many tracked epoch rows per target
+    as the dense DataFrame for the same number of dense epochs.
+    """
+
+    def estimate_function(w: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return w.sum().unsqueeze(0)
+
+    rng = np.random.default_rng(0)
+    original_weights = rng.uniform(1.0, 2.0, size=50)
+    targets = np.array([original_weights.sum() * 1.02])
+    logger = logging.getLogger("test_sparse_tracking")
+
+    torch.manual_seed(0)
+    _w, _sparse, dense_df = reweight(
+        original_weights=original_weights,
+        estimate_function=estimate_function,
+        targets_array=targets,
+        target_names=np.array(["total"]),
+        l0_lambda=0.0,
+        init_mean=0.999,
+        temperature=0.5,
+        regularize_with_l0=False,
+        sparse_learning_rate=0.2,
+        dropout_rate=0.0,
+        epochs=100,
+        noise_level=0.0,
+        learning_rate=1e-3,
+        logger=logger,
+    )
+
+    # Rerun with L0 enabled to capture the sparse performance DF. The
+    # sparse performance DataFrame is written to the
+    # <csv>_sparse.csv path when csv_path is set; we don't need disk
+    # here -- instead we count rows on the dense performance_df and
+    # compare indirectly by tracking the epoch lists via csv output.
+
+    # To keep the assertion simple and robust to refactors, we verify
+    # the sparse_tracking_n itself via a minimal L0 run and inspection
+    # of the resulting CSVs. We exercise the L0 path by writing to a
+    # temporary CSV and reading the sparse file back.
+    import os
+    import tempfile
+
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
+        csv_path = os.path.join(tmp, "out.csv")
+        torch.manual_seed(0)
+        reweight(
+            original_weights=original_weights,
+            estimate_function=estimate_function,
+            targets_array=targets,
+            target_names=np.array(["total"]),
+            l0_lambda=1e-6,
+            init_mean=0.999,
+            temperature=0.5,
+            regularize_with_l0=True,
+            sparse_learning_rate=0.01,
+            dropout_rate=0.0,
+            epochs=100,
+            noise_level=0.0,
+            learning_rate=1e-3,
+            csv_path=csv_path,
+            logger=logger,
+        )
+        sparse_df = pd.read_csv(csv_path.replace(".csv", "_sparse.csv"))
+
+    # With epochs=100, tracking_n = max(1, 100 // 10) = 10. Dense loop
+    # logs at i in {0, 10, 20, ..., 90} => 10 tracked epochs.
+    # Sparse loop runs 2*100 = 200 epochs at stride max(1, 10 // 2) = 5
+    # => i in {0, 5, 10, ..., 195} => 40 tracked epochs. Per target the
+    # DataFrame therefore has ~4x the row count (2x density * 2x
+    # epochs). Under the previous bug the sparse stride was 10 giving
+    # ~20 tracked epochs (2x only).
+    n_targets = 1
+    dense_rows_per_target = len(dense_df) / n_targets
+    sparse_rows_per_target = len(sparse_df) / n_targets
+    ratio = sparse_rows_per_target / max(dense_rows_per_target, 1)
+    assert ratio >= 3.5, (
+        f"Sparse tracking density ratio is {ratio:.2f} (dense rows "
+        f"={dense_rows_per_target}, sparse rows={sparse_rows_per_target}); "
+        "expected ~4x after fixing the precedence bug."
+    )