diff --git a/docs/concepts/wallets.mdx b/docs/concepts/wallets.mdx
index 6b45127d0a..a6a6009461 100644
--- a/docs/concepts/wallets.mdx
+++ b/docs/concepts/wallets.mdx
@@ -98,17 +98,16 @@ Match each key to the least-trusted machine that needs it:
 3. **Coldkey workstation** — a dedicated, clean machine for coldkey-signed
    operations, ideally holding only a scoped proxy key rather than the real
    coldkey.
-4. **Primary coldkey in a hardware wallet** — Ledger works through
-   Talisman, Nova Wallet, or SubWallet; Polkadot Vault turns a permanently
-   offline phone into an air-gapped signer that can sign any extrinsic via QR
-   codes (Ledger apps cover a narrower operation set).
-
-This CLI and SDK cannot sign with hardware wallets. That is what the proxy
-pattern is for: the hardware-held primary coldkey creates a single delayed
-`NonTransfer` [proxy](/docs/concepts/advanced), and that proxy creates and
-revokes narrower scoped proxies (`Staking`, `Registration`, ...) for daily
-work. Only two operations ever strictly require the primary coldkey: the first
-add-proxy, and coldkey rotation.
+4. **Primary coldkey on a hardware or air-gapped signer** — a
+   [Ledger](/docs/guides/ledger) can sign CLI and SDK transactions through the
+   Polkadot generic app; Polkadot Vault signs by QR code from a permanently
+   offline phone.
+
+Keep the hardware-held key for recovery and high-impact operations. Use it to
+create a delayed `NonTransfer` [proxy](/docs/guides/proxies), which can create
+and revoke narrower proxies (`Staking`, `Registration`, ...) for routine work —
+the full layering is in the proxy guide's
+[recommended architecture](/docs/guides/proxies#a-recommended-architecture).
 
 ### Supply-chain risk
 
@@ -189,9 +188,14 @@ swap is a two-step, delayed process:
    window the wallet is locked — no transfers or staking; the coldkey can only
    execute or dispute.
 2. [`swap-coldkey-announced`](/docs/tx/swap-coldkey-announced) executes after
-   the delay, moving everything — balance, stake, hotkeys, registrations,
-   subnet ownership — to the destination, which must be an unused coldkey with
-   no existing stake, registrations, or child hotkeys.
+   the delay, moving the coldkey's Subtensor-managed state — transferable TAO,
+   stake, conviction locks (including accrued conviction), hotkeys,
+   registrations, and subnet ownership — to the destination. Proxy grants and
+   reserved balances do not move. Before announcing, remove proxies whose
+   deposits you need to recover and leave enough transferable TAO to recreate
+   the proxies you still need. Use a verified destination that is not a hotkey
+   and has no stake or active locked mass; recreate required proxies after the
+   swap.
 
 Check a pending announcement with the
 [`coldkey-swap-announcement`](/docs/query/coldkey-swap-announcement) read. An
diff --git a/docs/guides/subnets.mdx b/docs/guides/subnets.mdx
index 2342e97c49..592c4ad531 100644
--- a/docs/guides/subnets.mdx
+++ b/docs/guides/subnets.mdx
@@ -41,6 +41,36 @@ needs the [raw-call escape hatch](/docs/concepts/advanced).
 A new subnet is a two-step commitment: register, then activate with
 [`start-call`](/docs/tx/start-call) — until then it earns nothing.
 
+## Secure the owner account
+
+A subnet owner's coldkey controls the subnet's identity and owner-settable
+hyperparameters — authority that should never live in a single coldkey on an
+operational machine. The standard layering: make the owner account a
+[**multisig**](/docs/guides/multisig) from registration, and from it grant a
+dedicated operations key the narrow **Owner**
+[proxy type](/docs/guides/proxies#proxy-types) for routine changes. The ops
+key can manage subnet identity and hyperparameters but cannot transfer funds
+or rotate the owner; the multisig convenes only to manage that proxy, veto
+delayed calls, and act outside the **Owner** scope. Both guides walk through
+the setup — see
+[Subnet owners specifically](/docs/guides/proxies#subnet-owners-specifically)
+in the proxy guide for this exact pattern.
+
+For a new crowd-funded subnet, a
+[crowdloan lease](#financing-leases-and-crowdloans) provides a different secure
+ownership model: the chain creates the lease owner account and grants the
+beneficiary a scoped `SubnetLeaseBeneficiary` proxy.
+
+If the subnet is already owned by a single coldkey, adopting this setup is a
+one-time ownership migration via the announced **coldkey swap**. Sending TAO to
+the multisig address is not enough: balance, stake, conviction locks, and
+subnet ownership are separate on-chain state, and a plain
+[`transfer`](/docs/tx/transfer) moves only the first. The full procedure —
+verifying the derived address, what the swap moves, and the delay — is in
+[Migrate an existing account to a multisig](/docs/guides/multisig#migrate-an-existing-account-to-a-multisig);
+[Wallet key rotation](/docs/concepts/wallets#key-rotation-and-recovery) covers
+what a coldkey swap does and doesn't move.
+
 ## Activate
 
 Once the chain's activation delay has passed, flip the subnet on with