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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<!-- 2023-05-11 四 20:30 -->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>CMake学习</title>
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</head>
<body>
<div id="content" class="content">
<h1 class="title">CMake学习</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org2139fd0">1. 基本的cmake命令</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org7b80201">1.1. 配置阶段:生成makefile</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3341ce2">1.2. 实际构建阶段:执行makefile</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org0d23dfe">2. 为目标添加源码文件</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1545812">3. 生成库</a></li>
<li><a href="#org292c150">4. 为某个可执行文件链接上库</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5c300d2">5. extern "C" {}</a></li>
<li><a href="#org54ab063">6. pragma once / ifndef define endif</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc8b6628">7. 为某个目标指定头文件搜索目录</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb7fa782">8. 为某个目标添加宏定义</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga6b6ea7">9. 为某目标添加编译选项</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8d0d94d">10. 全局添加宏定义</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1a97301">11. 每个CMakeLists的第二行: project()</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9b48528">12. 局部变量</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org673f475">12.1. 定义变量</a></li>
<li><a href="#org7d34189">12.2. 访问一个变量:</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3894382">12.3. 可以用 <code>set()</code> 定义一个list</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2139fd0" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org2139fd0"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> 基本的cmake命令</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7b80201" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org7b80201"><span class="section-number-3">1.1.</span> 配置阶段:生成makefile</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
<p>
<code>cmake -B build -D CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++</code>
</p>
<pre class="example">
-B 指定cmake的输出路径,并会自动创建build目录
-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=xxx 指定cmake所用的C++编译器
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release/Dehug
-G Ninja/"Unix Makefiles" 指定构建系统
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3341ce2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org3341ce2"><span class="section-number-3">1.2.</span> 实际构建阶段:执行makefile</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
<p>
自动识别构建工具,并在build目录中进行构建(make -j4)
</p>
<p>
<code>cmake --build build -j4</code>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0d23dfe" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org0d23dfe"><span class="section-number-2">2.</span> 为目标添加源码文件</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-cmake">add_executable(myexe)
set(myexe_sources main.cc file1.cc file2.cc )
target_sources(myexe ${myexe_sources} )
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1545812" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org1545812"><span class="section-number-2">3.</span> 生成库</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
<pre class="example">
add_library(mylib STATIC source1.cc source2.cc)
add_library(mylib SHARED source1.cc source2.cc)
</pre>
<p>
反汇编显示带有plt字样的函数表示插桩函数, 其真正的实现不在当前文件中, 而是在动态库中(共享库)
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org292c150" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org292c150"><span class="section-number-2">4.</span> 为某个可执行文件链接上库</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
<pre class="example">
target_link_libraries(myexe PUBLIC mylib)
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org5c300d2" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org5c300d2"><span class="section-number-2">5.</span> extern "C" {}</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
<p>
在C++代码中将某段代码解释为C语言的, 从而避免使用重载机制
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-cpp"><span style="color: #51afef; font-weight: bold;">#ifdef</span> __cplusplus
<span style="color: #51afef;">extern</span> <span style="color: #98be65;">"C"</span> {
<span style="color: #51afef; font-weight: bold;">#endif</span>
<span style="color: #5B6268;">// </span><span style="color: #5B6268;">期望被理解为C语言的代码</span>
<span style="color: #51afef; font-weight: bold;">#ifdef</span> __cplusplus
}
<span style="color: #51afef; font-weight: bold;">#endif</span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org54ab063" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org54ab063"><span class="section-number-2">6.</span> pragma once / ifndef define endif</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc8b6628" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgc8b6628"><span class="section-number-2">7.</span> 为某个目标指定头文件搜索目录</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-7">
<pre class="example">
target_include_directories(mylib PUBLIC ..XX)
</pre>
<p>
PUBLIC/PRIVATE的作用是是否将这个属性(这里是头文件搜索路径)也传递给使用此库/目标的其它目标
</p>
<p>
对可执行文件这样的目标来说, PUBLIC的标识没太多意义.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb7fa782" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgb7fa782"><span class="section-number-2">8.</span> 为某个目标添加宏定义</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-8">
<pre class="example">
target_add_definitions(myexe PUBLIC MY_MACRO=XX )
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga6b6ea7" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orga6b6ea7"><span class="section-number-2">9.</span> 为某目标添加编译选项</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-9">
<pre class="example">
target_compile_options(myexe PUBLIC -fopenmp
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8d0d94d" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org8d0d94d"><span class="section-number-2">10.</span> 全局添加宏定义</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-10">
<pre class="example">
add_definitions()
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1a97301" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org1a97301"><span class="section-number-2">11.</span> 每个CMakeLists的第二行: project()</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-11">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-cmake">project(MyProject VERSION 1.0.0
DESCRIPITOIN "this is my project"
LANGUAGES CXX )
</pre>
</div>
<p>
首个参数是项目的名称. 语言默认是 <code>C CXX</code> , 即c和C++
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9b48528" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org9b48528"><span class="section-number-2">12.</span> 局部变量</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-12">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org673f475" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org673f475"><span class="section-number-3">12.1.</span> 定义变量</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-12-1">
<pre class="example">
set(MY_VAR "value" )
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7d34189" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org7d34189"><span class="section-number-3">12.2.</span> 访问一个变量:</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-12-2">
<pre class="example">
${MY_VAR}
</pre>
<p>
cmake中有作用域的概念, 这意味着一个定义在函数范围内/子目录的一个文件范围内的变量在范围外是无法访问的.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3894382" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org3894382"><span class="section-number-3">12.3.</span> 可以用 <code>set()</code> 定义一个list</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-12-3">
<pre class="example">
set(MY_LIST "first" "second" ) # 元素用空格分割
set(MY_LIST "first;second" ) # 这种方式也是等价的, 用分号.
</pre>
<p>
用 <code>${}</code> 去使用变量时其实是以替换的方式来"展开"变量名.因此在使用表示路径的变量时要额外在外面加一层引号:
</p>
<p>
<code>"${MY_PATH}"</code>
不要用 <code>${MY_PATH}</code> , 否则一旦有含空格的路径时就会被当成list进行处理, 而不是当成一个整体.
因此使用路径变量时一定要加上双引号.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>