From cf49f4aff62be537f0dc8ce4297c62aef4d10b0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ameesha Agrawal <ameeshaagrawal12@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:10:54 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/12] feat: separate storages

---
 contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol        | 10 +--
 contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol           | 10 +--
 contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol              |  8 ++-
 .../{app-gateway => }/AuctionManager.sol      | 41 +++++------
 .../{app-gateway => }/FeesManager.sol         | 29 +++++---
 .../app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol            |  6 +-
 .../app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol     | 28 ++++++++
 .../app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol                | 44 ++++--------
 contracts/protocol/utils/common/Errors.sol    |  8 +++
 .../watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol   | 21 ------
 .../WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol               | 27 -------
 .../WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol               | 24 +------
 .../WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol              | 71 +++++++++++++++++++
 script/AppGatewayFeeBalance.s.sol             |  2 +-
 .../WithdrawFeesArbitrumFeesPlug.s.sol        |  2 +-
 test/DeliveryHelper.t.sol                     |  4 +-
 16 files changed, 181 insertions(+), 154 deletions(-)
 rename contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/{app-gateway => }/AuctionManager.sol (85%)
 rename contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/{app-gateway => }/FeesManager.sol (95%)
 create mode 100644 contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
 create mode 100644 contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol

diff --git a/contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol b/contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol
index 28050c26..6f804a0d 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol
@@ -9,10 +9,7 @@ import "../interfaces/IAddressResolver.sol";
 import {Forwarder} from "./Forwarder.sol";
 import {AsyncPromise} from "./AsyncPromise.sol";
 
-/// @title AddressResolver Contract
-/// @notice This contract is responsible for fetching latest core addresses and deploying Forwarder and AsyncPromise contracts.
-/// @dev Inherits the Ownable contract and implements the IAddressResolver interface.
-contract AddressResolver is Ownable, IAddressResolver, Initializable {
+abstract contract AddressResolverStorage is IAddressResolver {
     IWatcherPrecompile public override watcherPrecompile__;
     address public override deliveryHelper;
     address public override feesManager;
@@ -34,7 +31,12 @@ contract AddressResolver is Ownable, IAddressResolver, Initializable {
     mapping(address => address) public override contractsToGateways;
     // gateway to contract map
     mapping(address => address) public override gatewaysToContracts;
+}
 
+/// @title AddressResolver Contract
+/// @notice This contract is responsible for fetching latest core addresses and deploying Forwarder and AsyncPromise contracts.
+/// @dev Inherits the Ownable contract and implements the IAddressResolver interface.
+contract AddressResolver is AddressResolverStorage, Ownable, Initializable {
     /// @notice Error thrown if AppGateway contract was already set by a different address
     error InvalidCaller(address contractAddress_);
 
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol b/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol
index 99f5e08e..b8d4b8f6 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol
@@ -15,10 +15,7 @@ enum AsyncPromiseState {
     RESOLVED
 }
 
-/// @title AsyncPromise
-/// @notice this contract stores the callback address and data to be executed once the previous call is executed
-/// This promise expires once the callback is executed
-contract AsyncPromise is IPromise, Initializable, AddressResolverUtil {
+abstract contract AsyncPromiseStorage is IPromise {
     /// @notice The callback selector to be called on the invoker.
     bytes4 public callbackSelector;
 
@@ -37,7 +34,12 @@ contract AsyncPromise is IPromise, Initializable, AddressResolverUtil {
 
     /// @notice The callback data to be used when the promise is resolved.
     bytes public callbackData;
+}
 
+/// @title AsyncPromise
+/// @notice this contract stores the callback address and data to be executed once the previous call is executed
+/// This promise expires once the callback is executed
+contract AsyncPromise is AsyncPromiseStorage, Initializable, AddressResolverUtil {
     /// @notice Error thrown when attempting to resolve an already resolved promise.
     error PromiseAlreadyResolved();
     /// @notice Only the forwarder or local invoker can set then's promise callback
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol b/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol
index 0c45a45c..22a4b95f 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol
@@ -9,9 +9,7 @@ import "./AsyncPromise.sol";
 import "../interfaces/IForwarder.sol";
 import "solady/utils/Initializable.sol";
 
-/// @title Forwarder Contract
-/// @notice This contract acts as a forwarder for async calls to the on-chain contracts.
-contract Forwarder is IForwarder, Initializable {
+abstract contract ForwarderStorage is IForwarder {
     /// @notice chain id
     uint32 public chainSlug;
 
@@ -23,7 +21,11 @@ contract Forwarder is IForwarder, Initializable {
 
     /// @notice caches the latest async promise address for the last call
     address public latestAsyncPromise;
+}
 
+/// @title Forwarder Contract
+/// @notice This contract acts as a forwarder for async calls to the on-chain contracts.
+contract Forwarder is ForwarderStorage, Initializable {
     error AsyncModifierNotUsed();
 
     constructor() {
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/AuctionManager.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol
similarity index 85%
rename from contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/AuctionManager.sol
rename to contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol
index f5933c02..bb86ba37 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/AuctionManager.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
 
-import {Ownable} from "solady/auth/Ownable.sol";
 import {ECDSA} from "solady/utils/ECDSA.sol";
-import {AddressResolverUtil} from "../../utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol";
-import {Fees, Bid, PayloadBatch} from "../../utils/common/Structs.sol";
-import {IDeliveryHelper} from "../../../interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol";
-import {IFeesManager} from "../../../interfaces/IFeesManager.sol";
-import {IAuctionManager} from "../../../interfaces/IAuctionManager.sol";
 import "solady/utils/Initializable.sol";
+import {Ownable} from "solady/auth/Ownable.sol";
 
-/// @title AuctionManager
-/// @notice Contract for managing auctions and placing bids
-contract AuctionManager is AddressResolverUtil, Ownable, IAuctionManager, Initializable {
+import {IDeliveryHelper} from "../../interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol";
+import {IFeesManager} from "../../interfaces/IFeesManager.sol";
+import {IAuctionManager} from "../../interfaces/IAuctionManager.sol";
+
+import {AddressResolverUtil} from "../utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol";
+import {Fees, Bid, PayloadBatch} from "../utils/common/Structs.sol";
+import {AuctionClosed, AuctionAlreadyStarted, BidExceedsMaxFees, LowerBidAlreadyExists, InvalidTransmitter} from "../utils/common/Errors.sol";
+
+abstract contract AuctionManagerStorage is IAuctionManager {
     uint32 public evmxChainSlug;
     mapping(bytes32 => Bid) public winningBids;
     // asyncId => auction status
@@ -20,19 +21,15 @@ contract AuctionManager is AddressResolverUtil, Ownable, IAuctionManager, Initia
     mapping(bytes32 => bool) public override auctionStarted;
 
     uint256 public auctionEndDelaySeconds;
+}
 
-    /// @notice Error thrown when trying to start or bid a closed auction
-    error AuctionClosed();
-    /// @notice Error thrown when trying to start an ongoing auction
-    error AuctionAlreadyStarted();
-    /// @notice Error thrown if fees exceed the maximum set fees
-    error BidExceedsMaxFees();
-    /// @notice Error thrown if winning bid is assigned to an invalid transmitter
-    error InvalidTransmitter();
-    /// @notice Error thrown if a lower bid already exists
-    error LowerBidAlreadyExists();
-
+/// @title AuctionManager
+/// @notice Contract for managing auctions and placing bids
+contract AuctionManager is AuctionManagerStorage, AddressResolverUtil, Ownable, Initializable {
     event AuctionRestarted(bytes32 asyncId);
+    event AuctionStarted(bytes32 asyncId);
+    event AuctionEnded(bytes32 asyncId, Bid winningBid);
+    event BidPlaced(bytes32 asyncId, Bid bid);
 
     constructor() {
         _disableInitializers(); // disable for implementation
@@ -55,10 +52,6 @@ contract AuctionManager is AddressResolverUtil, Ownable, IAuctionManager, Initia
         auctionEndDelaySeconds = auctionEndDelaySeconds_;
     }
 
-    event AuctionStarted(bytes32 asyncId);
-    event AuctionEnded(bytes32 asyncId, Bid winningBid);
-    event BidPlaced(bytes32 asyncId, Bid bid);
-
     function setAuctionEndDelaySeconds(uint256 auctionEndDelaySeconds_) external onlyOwner {
         auctionEndDelaySeconds = auctionEndDelaySeconds_;
     }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/FeesManager.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
similarity index 95%
rename from contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/FeesManager.sol
rename to contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
index 8c6873de..ec364b4f 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/FeesManager.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
@@ -4,20 +4,17 @@ pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
 import {Ownable} from "solady/auth/Ownable.sol";
 import "solady/utils/Initializable.sol";
 
-import {AddressResolverUtil} from "../../../protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol";
-import {Bid, Fees, PayloadDetails, CallType, FinalizeParams, PayloadBatch, Parallel} from "../../../protocol/utils/common/Structs.sol";
-import {IDeliveryHelper} from "../../../interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol";
-import {FORWARD_CALL, DISTRIBUTE_FEE, DEPLOY, WITHDRAW} from "../../../protocol/utils/common/Constants.sol";
-import {IFeesPlug} from "../../../interfaces/IFeesPlug.sol";
-import {IFeesManager} from "../../../interfaces/IFeesManager.sol";
+import {IDeliveryHelper} from "../../interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol";
+import {IFeesPlug} from "../../interfaces/IFeesPlug.sol";
+import {IFeesManager} from "../../interfaces/IFeesManager.sol";
 
-import {NotAuctionManager} from "../../../protocol/utils/common/Errors.sol";
+import {AddressResolverUtil} from "../utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol";
+import {FORWARD_CALL, DISTRIBUTE_FEE, DEPLOY, WITHDRAW} from "../utils/common/Constants.sol";
+import {NotAuctionManager} from "../utils/common/Errors.sol";
+import {Bid, Fees, PayloadDetails, CallType, FinalizeParams, Parallel} from "../utils/common/Structs.sol";
 
-/// @title FeesManager
-/// @notice Contract for managing fees
-contract FeesManager is IFeesManager, AddressResolverUtil, Ownable, Initializable {
+contract FeesManagerStorage {
     uint256 public feesCounter;
-
     /// @notice Struct containing fee amounts and status
     struct TokenBalance {
         uint256 deposited; // Amount deposited
@@ -36,7 +33,17 @@ contract FeesManager is IFeesManager, AddressResolverUtil, Ownable, Initializabl
     /// @notice Mapping to track fees to be distributed to transmitters
     /// @dev transmitter => chainSlug => token => amount
     mapping(address => mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => uint256))) public transmitterFees;
+}
 
+/// @title FeesManager
+/// @notice Contract for managing fees
+contract FeesManager is
+    IFeesManager,
+    FeesManagerStorage,
+    AddressResolverUtil,
+    Ownable,
+    Initializable
+{
     /// @notice Emitted when fees are blocked for a batch
     /// @param asyncId The batch identifier
     /// @param chainSlug The chain identifier
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol
index e0a85af0..4eace8ca 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol
@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ import "./BatchAsync.sol";
 
 contract DeliveryHelper is BatchAsync, Initializable {
     event CallBackReverted(bytes32 asyncId_, bytes32 payloadId_);
-    uint64 public version;
-
-    bytes32[] public tempPayloadIds;
 
     constructor() {
         _disableInitializers(); // disable for implementation
@@ -28,7 +25,6 @@ contract DeliveryHelper is BatchAsync, Initializable {
         uint256 bidTimeout_
     ) public reinitializer(1) {
         _setAddressResolver(addressResolver_);
-        version = 1;
         bidTimeout = bidTimeout_;
         _initializeOwner(owner_);
     }
@@ -44,7 +40,7 @@ contract DeliveryHelper is BatchAsync, Initializable {
 
         if (!isRestarted) return _process(asyncId_, false);
 
-        // Refinalize all payloads in the batch if a new transmitter is assigned
+        // Re-finalize all payloads in the batch if a new transmitter is assigned
         bytes32[] memory payloadIds = _payloadBatches[asyncId_].lastBatchOfPayloads;
         for (uint256 i = 0; i < payloadIds.length; i++) {
             watcherPrecompile__().refinalize(
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..958b2d82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
+pragma solidity ^0.8.21;
+
+import {CallParams, PayloadDetails, PayloadBatch} from "../../../protocol/utils/common/Structs.sol";
+import {IDeliveryHelper} from "../../../interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol";
+
+/// @title DeliveryHelperStorage
+/// @notice Storage contract for DeliveryHelper
+abstract contract DeliveryHelperStorage is IDeliveryHelper {
+    uint256 public saltCounter;
+    uint256 public asyncCounter;
+    uint256 public bidTimeout;
+
+    /// @notice The call parameters array
+    CallParams[] public callParamsArray;
+
+    bytes32[] public tempPayloadIds;
+
+    /// @notice The mapping of valid promises
+    mapping(address => bool) public isValidPromise;
+    // payloadId => asyncId
+    mapping(bytes32 => bytes32) public payloadIdToBatchHash;
+    mapping(bytes32 => PayloadDetails) public payloadIdToPayloadDetails;
+    // asyncId => PayloadDetails[]
+    mapping(bytes32 => PayloadDetails[]) public payloadBatchDetails;
+    // asyncId => PayloadBatch
+    mapping(bytes32 => PayloadBatch) internal _payloadBatches;
+}
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
index 85f13c65..28586381 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
@@ -9,42 +9,18 @@ import {IPromise} from "../../../interfaces/IPromise.sol";
 import {IAppDeployer} from "../../../interfaces/IAppDeployer.sol";
 import {IAddressResolver} from "../../../interfaces/IAddressResolver.sol";
 import {IContractFactoryPlug} from "../../../interfaces/IContractFactoryPlug.sol";
-import {IDeliveryHelper} from "../../../interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol";
 import {Ownable} from "solady/auth/Ownable.sol";
+import {DeliveryHelperStorage} from "./DeliveryHelperStorage.sol";
 
 /// @notice Abstract contract for managing asynchronous payloads
-abstract contract QueueAsync is AddressResolverUtil, IDeliveryHelper, Ownable {
-    uint256 public saltCounter;
-    uint256 public asyncCounter;
-
-    uint256 public bidTimeout;
-
-    /// @notice The call parameters array
-    CallParams[] public callParamsArray;
-    /// @notice The mapping of valid promises
-    mapping(address => bool) public isValidPromise;
-
-    // payloadId => asyncId
-    mapping(bytes32 => bytes32) public payloadIdToBatchHash;
-    mapping(bytes32 => PayloadDetails) public payloadIdToPayloadDetails;
-
-    // asyncId => PayloadBatch
-    mapping(bytes32 => PayloadBatch) internal _payloadBatches;
-
+abstract contract QueueAsync is
+    DeliveryHelperStorage,
+    AddressResolverUtil,
+    Ownable
+{
     event PayloadBatchCancelled(bytes32 asyncId);
     event BidTimeoutUpdated(uint256 newBidTimeout);
 
-    function payloadBatches(bytes32 asyncId_) external view override returns (PayloadBatch memory) {
-        return _payloadBatches[asyncId_];
-    }
-
-    function getPayloadDetails(bytes32 payloadId_) external view returns (PayloadDetails memory) {
-        return payloadIdToPayloadDetails[payloadId_];
-    }
-
-    // asyncId => PayloadDetails[]
-    mapping(bytes32 => PayloadDetails[]) public payloadBatchDetails;
-
     modifier onlyPromises() {
         if (!isValidPromise[msg.sender]) revert InvalidPromise();
         _;
@@ -55,6 +31,14 @@ abstract contract QueueAsync is AddressResolverUtil, IDeliveryHelper, Ownable {
         _;
     }
 
+    function payloadBatches(bytes32 asyncId_) external view override returns (PayloadBatch memory) {
+        return _payloadBatches[asyncId_];
+    }
+
+    function getPayloadDetails(bytes32 payloadId_) external view returns (PayloadDetails memory) {
+        return payloadIdToPayloadDetails[payloadId_];
+    }
+
     /// @notice Clears the call parameters array
     function clearQueue() public {
         delete callParamsArray;
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/utils/common/Errors.sol b/contracts/protocol/utils/common/Errors.sol
index f129a2a2..9a1fe4ca 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/utils/common/Errors.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/utils/common/Errors.sol
@@ -31,3 +31,11 @@ error FeesNotSet();
 error InvalidTokenAddress();
 error InvalidWatcherSignature();
 error NonceUsed();
+/// @notice Error thrown when trying to start or bid a closed auction
+error AuctionClosed();
+/// @notice Error thrown when trying to start an ongoing auction
+error AuctionAlreadyStarted();
+/// @notice Error thrown if fees exceed the maximum set fees
+error BidExceedsMaxFees();
+/// @notice Error thrown if a lower bid already exists
+error LowerBidAlreadyExists();
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol
index 38be81ab..eaecfbd6 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol
@@ -6,31 +6,10 @@ import "../../interfaces/IAppGateway.sol";
 import "../../interfaces/IPromise.sol";
 import "../../interfaces/IFeesManager.sol";
 import "solady/utils/Initializable.sol";
-import {PayloadDigestParams, AsyncRequest, FinalizeParams, TimeoutRequest, CallFromChainParams} from "../utils/common/Structs.sol";
 
 /// @title WatcherPrecompile
 /// @notice Contract that handles payload verification, execution and app configurations
 contract WatcherPrecompile is WatcherPrecompileConfig, Initializable {
-    uint256 public maxTimeoutDelayInSeconds;
-    /// @notice Counter for tracking payload requests
-    uint256 public payloadCounter;
-    /// @notice The expiry time for the payload
-    uint256 public expiryTime;
-
-    /// @notice Mapping to store async requests
-    /// @dev payloadId => AsyncRequest struct
-    mapping(bytes32 => AsyncRequest) public asyncRequests;
-    /// @notice Mapping to store timeout requests
-    /// @dev timeoutId => TimeoutRequest struct
-    mapping(bytes32 => TimeoutRequest) public timeoutRequests;
-    /// @notice Mapping to store watcher proofs
-    /// @dev payloadId => proof bytes
-    mapping(bytes32 => bytes) public watcherProofs;
-
-    /// @notice Mapping to store if appGateway has been called with trigger from on-chain Inbox
-    /// @dev callId => bool
-    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public appGatewayCalled;
-
     /// @notice Error thrown when an invalid chain slug is provided
     error InvalidChainSlug();
     /// @notice Error thrown when an invalid app gateway reaches a plug
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
index f5940af3..a8bba140 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
@@ -8,33 +8,6 @@ import {ECDSA} from "solady/utils/ECDSA.sol";
 /// @notice Configuration contract for the Watcher Precompile system
 /// @dev Handles the mapping between networks, plugs, and app gateways for payload execution
 abstract contract WatcherPrecompileConfig is WatcherPrecompileLimits {
-    /// @notice Maps network and plug to their configuration
-    /// @dev chainSlug => plug => PlugConfig
-    mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => PlugConfig)) internal _plugConfigs;
-
-    /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated switchboard
-    /// @dev chainSlug => sb type => switchboard address
-    mapping(uint32 => mapping(bytes32 => address)) public switchboards;
-
-    /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated socket
-    /// @dev chainSlug => socket address
-    mapping(uint32 => address) public sockets;
-
-    /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated contract factory plug
-    /// @dev chainSlug => contract factory plug address
-    mapping(uint32 => address) public contractFactoryPlug;
-
-    /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated fees plug
-    /// @dev chainSlug => fees plug address
-    mapping(uint32 => address) public feesPlug;
-
-    /// @notice Maps nonce to whether it has been used
-    /// @dev signatureNonce => isValid
-    mapping(uint256 => bool) public isNonceUsed;
-
-    // appGateway => chainSlug => plug => isValid
-    mapping(address => mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => bool))) public isValidPlug;
-
     /// @notice Emitted when a new plug is configured for an app gateway
     /// @param appGateway The address of the app gateway
     /// @param chainSlug The identifier of the destination network
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
index cc6d44ab..ac07d848 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
@@ -3,36 +3,18 @@ pragma solidity ^0.8.21;
 
 import {AccessControl} from "../utils/AccessControl.sol";
 import {Gauge} from "../utils/Gauge.sol";
-import {LimitParams, UpdateLimitParams} from "../utils/common/Structs.sol";
 import {AddressResolverUtil} from "../utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol";
 import {QUERY, FINALIZE, SCHEDULE} from "../utils/common/Constants.sol";
-import "../../interfaces/IWatcherPrecompile.sol";
 import {WATCHER_ROLE} from "../utils/common/AccessRoles.sol";
 import {TimeoutDelayTooLarge, TimeoutAlreadyResolved, InvalidInboxCaller, ResolvingTimeoutTooEarly, CallFailed, AppGatewayAlreadyCalled, InvalidWatcherSignature, NonceUsed} from "../utils/common/Errors.sol";
+import "./WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol";
 
 abstract contract WatcherPrecompileLimits is
+    WatcherPrecompileStorage,
     Gauge,
     AddressResolverUtil,
-    AccessControl,
-    IWatcherPrecompile
+    AccessControl
 {
-    /// @notice Number of decimals used in limit calculations
-    uint256 public constant LIMIT_DECIMALS = 18;
-
-    /// @notice Default limit value for any app gateway
-    uint256 public defaultLimit;
-    /// @notice Rate at which limit replenishes per second
-    uint256 public defaultRatePerSecond;
-
-    /// @notice The chain slug of the watcher precompile
-    uint32 public evmxChainSlug;
-
-    // appGateway => limitType => receivingLimitParams
-    mapping(address => mapping(bytes32 => LimitParams)) internal _limitParams;
-
-    // Mapping to track active app gateways
-    mapping(address => bool) private _activeAppGateways;
-
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     ////////////////////// EVENTS //////////////////////////
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44b0839e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
+
+import {IWatcherPrecompile} from "../../interfaces/IWatcherPrecompile.sol";
+import {ResolvedPromises, AppGatewayConfig, LimitParams, UpdateLimitParams, PlugConfig, PayloadDigestParams, AsyncRequest, FinalizeParams, TimeoutRequest, CallFromChainParams} from "../utils/common/Structs.sol";
+
+abstract contract WatcherPrecompileStorage is IWatcherPrecompile {
+    /// @notice Number of decimals used in limit calculations
+    uint256 public constant LIMIT_DECIMALS = 18;
+
+    /// @notice Default limit value for any app gateway
+    uint256 public defaultLimit;
+    /// @notice Rate at which limit replenishes per second
+    uint256 public defaultRatePerSecond;
+
+    /// @notice The chain slug of the watcher precompile
+    uint32 public evmxChainSlug;
+
+    // appGateway => limitType => receivingLimitParams
+    mapping(address => mapping(bytes32 => LimitParams)) internal _limitParams;
+
+    // Mapping to track active app gateways
+    mapping(address => bool) internal _activeAppGateways;
+
+    /// @notice Maps network and plug to their configuration
+    /// @dev chainSlug => plug => PlugConfig
+    mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => PlugConfig)) internal _plugConfigs;
+
+    /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated switchboard
+    /// @dev chainSlug => sb type => switchboard address
+    mapping(uint32 => mapping(bytes32 => address)) public switchboards;
+
+    /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated socket
+    /// @dev chainSlug => socket address
+    mapping(uint32 => address) public sockets;
+
+    /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated contract factory plug
+    /// @dev chainSlug => contract factory plug address
+    mapping(uint32 => address) public contractFactoryPlug;
+
+    /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated fees plug
+    /// @dev chainSlug => fees plug address
+    mapping(uint32 => address) public feesPlug;
+
+    /// @notice Maps nonce to whether it has been used
+    /// @dev signatureNonce => isValid
+    mapping(uint256 => bool) public isNonceUsed;
+
+    // appGateway => chainSlug => plug => isValid
+    mapping(address => mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => bool))) public isValidPlug;
+
+    uint256 public maxTimeoutDelayInSeconds;
+    /// @notice Counter for tracking payload requests
+    uint256 public payloadCounter;
+    /// @notice The expiry time for the payload
+    uint256 public expiryTime;
+
+    /// @notice Mapping to store async requests
+    /// @dev payloadId => AsyncRequest struct
+    mapping(bytes32 => AsyncRequest) public asyncRequests;
+    /// @notice Mapping to store timeout requests
+    /// @dev timeoutId => TimeoutRequest struct
+    mapping(bytes32 => TimeoutRequest) public timeoutRequests;
+    /// @notice Mapping to store watcher proofs
+    /// @dev payloadId => proof bytes
+    mapping(bytes32 => bytes) public watcherProofs;
+
+    /// @notice Mapping to store if appGateway has been called with trigger from on-chain Inbox
+    /// @dev callId => bool
+    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public appGatewayCalled;
+}
diff --git a/script/AppGatewayFeeBalance.s.sol b/script/AppGatewayFeeBalance.s.sol
index 70934724..cb773904 100644
--- a/script/AppGatewayFeeBalance.s.sol
+++ b/script/AppGatewayFeeBalance.s.sol
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
 
 import {Script} from "forge-std/Script.sol";
 import {console} from "forge-std/console.sol";
-import {FeesManager} from "../contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/FeesManager.sol";
+import {FeesManager} from "../contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol";
 import {Fees} from "../contracts/protocol/utils/common/Structs.sol";
 import {ETH_ADDRESS} from "../contracts/protocol/utils/common/Constants.sol";
 
diff --git a/script/counter/WithdrawFeesArbitrumFeesPlug.s.sol b/script/counter/WithdrawFeesArbitrumFeesPlug.s.sol
index 098f58bc..a7dbc9f1 100644
--- a/script/counter/WithdrawFeesArbitrumFeesPlug.s.sol
+++ b/script/counter/WithdrawFeesArbitrumFeesPlug.s.sol
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
 
 import {Script} from "forge-std/Script.sol";
 import {console} from "forge-std/console.sol";
-import {FeesManager} from "../../contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/FeesManager.sol";
+import {FeesManager} from "../../contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol";
 import {ETH_ADDRESS} from "../../contracts/protocol/utils/common/Constants.sol";
 import {CounterAppGateway} from "../../contracts/apps/counter/CounterAppGateway.sol";
 
diff --git a/test/DeliveryHelper.t.sol b/test/DeliveryHelper.t.sol
index cb9e0161..2d6f923c 100644
--- a/test/DeliveryHelper.t.sol
+++ b/test/DeliveryHelper.t.sol
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
 
 import "../contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol";
-import "../contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/FeesManager.sol";
-import "../contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/AuctionManager.sol";
+import "../contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol";
+import "../contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol";
 
 import "../contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol";
 import "../contracts/interfaces/IAppDeployer.sol";

From 4b910292d6880e0aeb0312b2332022a1bd7323d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ameesha Agrawal <ameeshaagrawal12@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 19:46:36 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/12] fix: remove extra imports and rearrange

---
 contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol              |  1 -
 .../protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol |  3 +--
 .../app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol                |  9 ---------
 .../app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol            |  5 -----
 .../app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol     | 13 ++++++++++++-
 .../app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol                | 19 +++++--------------
 .../watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol   |  3 ---
 .../WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol               |  2 --
 .../WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol              |  6 ++++++
 9 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol b/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol
index 22a4b95f..14ae74f4 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import "../interfaces/IAddressResolver.sol";
 import "../interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol";
 import "../interfaces/IAppGateway.sol";
 import "../interfaces/IPromise.sol";
-import "./AsyncPromise.sol";
 import "../interfaces/IForwarder.sol";
 import "solady/utils/Initializable.sol";
 
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
index ec364b4f..310d496f 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
@@ -4,12 +4,11 @@ pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
 import {Ownable} from "solady/auth/Ownable.sol";
 import "solady/utils/Initializable.sol";
 
-import {IDeliveryHelper} from "../../interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol";
 import {IFeesPlug} from "../../interfaces/IFeesPlug.sol";
 import {IFeesManager} from "../../interfaces/IFeesManager.sol";
 
 import {AddressResolverUtil} from "../utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol";
-import {FORWARD_CALL, DISTRIBUTE_FEE, DEPLOY, WITHDRAW} from "../utils/common/Constants.sol";
+import {WITHDRAW} from "../utils/common/Constants.sol";
 import {NotAuctionManager} from "../utils/common/Errors.sol";
 import {Bid, Fees, PayloadDetails, CallType, FinalizeParams, Parallel} from "../utils/common/Structs.sol";
 
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
index db2cf1e4..fa6cd3a4 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
@@ -3,15 +3,6 @@ pragma solidity ^0.8.21;
 
 import "./QueueAsync.sol";
 
-import {IDeliveryHelper} from "../../../interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol";
-import {IAppGateway} from "../../../interfaces/IAppGateway.sol";
-import {IAddressResolver} from "../../../interfaces/IAddressResolver.sol";
-import {IAuctionManager} from "../../../interfaces/IAuctionManager.sol";
-import {IFeesManager} from "../../../interfaces/IFeesManager.sol";
-
-import {Bid, PayloadBatch, Fees, PayloadDetails} from "../../../protocol/utils/common/Structs.sol";
-import {FORWARD_CALL, DISTRIBUTE_FEE, DEPLOY, WITHDRAW, QUERY, FINALIZE} from "../../../protocol/utils/common/Constants.sol";
-
 /// @title BatchAsync
 /// @notice Abstract contract for managing asynchronous payload batches
 abstract contract BatchAsync is QueueAsync {
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol
index 4eace8ca..3df8d2e7 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol
@@ -2,11 +2,6 @@
 pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
 
 import "solady/utils/Initializable.sol";
-
-import {IAppGateway} from "../../../interfaces/IAppGateway.sol";
-import {Bid, PayloadBatch, Fees, PayloadDetails, FinalizeParams} from "../../../protocol/utils/common/Structs.sol";
-import {DISTRIBUTE_FEE, DEPLOY} from "../../../protocol/utils/common/Constants.sol";
-import {PromisesNotResolved, InvalidTransmitter} from "../../../protocol/utils/common/Errors.sol";
 import "./BatchAsync.sol";
 
 contract DeliveryHelper is BatchAsync, Initializable {
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
index 958b2d82..58755ec9 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
@@ -1,8 +1,19 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
 pragma solidity ^0.8.21;
 
-import {CallParams, PayloadDetails, PayloadBatch} from "../../../protocol/utils/common/Structs.sol";
 import {IDeliveryHelper} from "../../../interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol";
+import {IPromise} from "../../../interfaces/IPromise.sol";
+import {IAddressResolver} from "../../../interfaces/IAddressResolver.sol";
+import {IContractFactoryPlug} from "../../../interfaces/IContractFactoryPlug.sol";
+import {IAppGateway} from "../../../interfaces/IAppGateway.sol";
+import {IAppGateway} from "../../../interfaces/IAppGateway.sol";
+import {IAddressResolver} from "../../../interfaces/IAddressResolver.sol";
+import {IAuctionManager} from "../../../interfaces/IAuctionManager.sol";
+import {IFeesManager} from "../../../interfaces/IFeesManager.sol";
+
+import {CallParams, Fees, PayloadDetails, CallType, Bid, PayloadBatch, Parallel, IsPlug, FinalizeParams} from "../../utils/common/Structs.sol";
+import {NotAuctionManager, InvalidPromise, InvalidIndex, PromisesNotResolved, InvalidTransmitter} from "../../utils/common/Errors.sol";
+import {FORWARD_CALL, DISTRIBUTE_FEE, DEPLOY, WITHDRAW, QUERY, FINALIZE} from "../../utils/common/Constants.sol";
 
 /// @title DeliveryHelperStorage
 /// @notice Storage contract for DeliveryHelper
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
index 28586381..1d12c82b 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
@@ -1,23 +1,14 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
 pragma solidity ^0.8.21;
 
-import {AddressResolverUtil} from "../../../protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol";
-import {CallParams, Fees, PayloadDetails, CallType, Bid, PayloadBatch, Parallel, IsPlug} from "../../../protocol/utils/common/Structs.sol";
-import {NotAuctionManager, InvalidPromise, InvalidIndex} from "../../../protocol/utils/common/Errors.sol";
-import {AsyncPromise} from "../../AsyncPromise.sol";
-import {IPromise} from "../../../interfaces/IPromise.sol";
-import {IAppDeployer} from "../../../interfaces/IAppDeployer.sol";
-import {IAddressResolver} from "../../../interfaces/IAddressResolver.sol";
-import {IContractFactoryPlug} from "../../../interfaces/IContractFactoryPlug.sol";
 import {Ownable} from "solady/auth/Ownable.sol";
-import {DeliveryHelperStorage} from "./DeliveryHelperStorage.sol";
+
+import {AddressResolverUtil} from "../../utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol";
+
+import "./DeliveryHelperStorage.sol";
 
 /// @notice Abstract contract for managing asynchronous payloads
-abstract contract QueueAsync is
-    DeliveryHelperStorage,
-    AddressResolverUtil,
-    Ownable
-{
+abstract contract QueueAsync is DeliveryHelperStorage, AddressResolverUtil, Ownable {
     event PayloadBatchCancelled(bytes32 asyncId);
     event BidTimeoutUpdated(uint256 newBidTimeout);
 
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol
index eaecfbd6..6d5c2aab 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol
@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@
 pragma solidity ^0.8.21;
 
 import "./WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol";
-import "../../interfaces/IAppGateway.sol";
-import "../../interfaces/IPromise.sol";
-import "../../interfaces/IFeesManager.sol";
 import "solady/utils/Initializable.sol";
 
 /// @title WatcherPrecompile
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
index ac07d848..05fc7565 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@ pragma solidity ^0.8.21;
 import {AccessControl} from "../utils/AccessControl.sol";
 import {Gauge} from "../utils/Gauge.sol";
 import {AddressResolverUtil} from "../utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol";
-import {QUERY, FINALIZE, SCHEDULE} from "../utils/common/Constants.sol";
 import {WATCHER_ROLE} from "../utils/common/AccessRoles.sol";
-import {TimeoutDelayTooLarge, TimeoutAlreadyResolved, InvalidInboxCaller, ResolvingTimeoutTooEarly, CallFailed, AppGatewayAlreadyCalled, InvalidWatcherSignature, NonceUsed} from "../utils/common/Errors.sol";
 import "./WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol";
 
 abstract contract WatcherPrecompileLimits is
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
index 44b0839e..c530e489 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
 
 import {IWatcherPrecompile} from "../../interfaces/IWatcherPrecompile.sol";
+import {IAppGateway} from "../../interfaces/IAppGateway.sol";
+import {IFeesManager} from "../../interfaces/IFeesManager.sol";
+import {IPromise} from "../../interfaces/IPromise.sol";
+
+import {QUERY, FINALIZE, SCHEDULE} from "../utils/common/Constants.sol";
+import {TimeoutDelayTooLarge, TimeoutAlreadyResolved, InvalidInboxCaller, ResolvingTimeoutTooEarly, CallFailed, AppGatewayAlreadyCalled, InvalidWatcherSignature, NonceUsed} from "../utils/common/Errors.sol";
 import {ResolvedPromises, AppGatewayConfig, LimitParams, UpdateLimitParams, PlugConfig, PayloadDigestParams, AsyncRequest, FinalizeParams, TimeoutRequest, CallFromChainParams} from "../utils/common/Structs.sol";
 
 abstract contract WatcherPrecompileStorage is IWatcherPrecompile {

From 5468244713035960240f37cd4321114f681382d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ameesha Agrawal <ameeshaagrawal12@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 19:58:53 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/12] feat: add gaps

---
 README.md                                          |  2 ++
 contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol             |  5 ++++-
 contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol                |  3 +++
 contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol                   |  4 ++++
 .../protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol   |  6 +++++-
 .../protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol      | 14 ++++++--------
 .../app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol          |  4 ++++
 .../payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol    |  4 +---
 contracts/protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol   |  2 +-
 .../watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol |  4 ++++
 10 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index dd8337b0..7807e036 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -17,3 +17,5 @@ Find more information at [docs](https://docs.socket.tech)
 - update version after every change
 - never remove code
 - inherited contracts should have gaps at the end to avoid storage collision
+- write tests for migration checking slots after the change
+-
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol b/contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol
index 6f804a0d..64c5bb21 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {Forwarder} from "./Forwarder.sol";
 import {AsyncPromise} from "./AsyncPromise.sol";
 
 abstract contract AddressResolverStorage is IAddressResolver {
+    uint256[50] _gap_before;
     IWatcherPrecompile public override watcherPrecompile__;
     address public override deliveryHelper;
     address public override feesManager;
@@ -31,12 +32,14 @@ abstract contract AddressResolverStorage is IAddressResolver {
     mapping(address => address) public override contractsToGateways;
     // gateway to contract map
     mapping(address => address) public override gatewaysToContracts;
+
+    uint256[50] _gap_after;
 }
 
 /// @title AddressResolver Contract
 /// @notice This contract is responsible for fetching latest core addresses and deploying Forwarder and AsyncPromise contracts.
 /// @dev Inherits the Ownable contract and implements the IAddressResolver interface.
-contract AddressResolver is AddressResolverStorage, Ownable, Initializable {
+contract AddressResolver is AddressResolverStorage, Initializable, Ownable {
     /// @notice Error thrown if AppGateway contract was already set by a different address
     error InvalidCaller(address contractAddress_);
 
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol b/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol
index b8d4b8f6..268f27cd 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ enum AsyncPromiseState {
 }
 
 abstract contract AsyncPromiseStorage is IPromise {
+    uint256[50] _gap_before;
     /// @notice The callback selector to be called on the invoker.
     bytes4 public callbackSelector;
 
@@ -34,6 +35,8 @@ abstract contract AsyncPromiseStorage is IPromise {
 
     /// @notice The callback data to be used when the promise is resolved.
     bytes public callbackData;
+
+    uint256[50] _gap_after;
 }
 
 /// @title AsyncPromise
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol b/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol
index 14ae74f4..9cfb4d03 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import "../interfaces/IForwarder.sol";
 import "solady/utils/Initializable.sol";
 
 abstract contract ForwarderStorage is IForwarder {
+    uint256[50] _gap_before;
+
     /// @notice chain id
     uint32 public chainSlug;
 
@@ -20,6 +22,8 @@ abstract contract ForwarderStorage is IForwarder {
 
     /// @notice caches the latest async promise address for the last call
     address public latestAsyncPromise;
+
+    uint256[50] _gap_after;
 }
 
 /// @title Forwarder Contract
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol
index bb86ba37..c24054ce 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import {Fees, Bid, PayloadBatch} from "../utils/common/Structs.sol";
 import {AuctionClosed, AuctionAlreadyStarted, BidExceedsMaxFees, LowerBidAlreadyExists, InvalidTransmitter} from "../utils/common/Errors.sol";
 
 abstract contract AuctionManagerStorage is IAuctionManager {
+    uint256[50] _gap_before;
+
     uint32 public evmxChainSlug;
     mapping(bytes32 => Bid) public winningBids;
     // asyncId => auction status
@@ -21,11 +23,13 @@ abstract contract AuctionManagerStorage is IAuctionManager {
     mapping(bytes32 => bool) public override auctionStarted;
 
     uint256 public auctionEndDelaySeconds;
+
+    uint256[50] _gap_after;
 }
 
 /// @title AuctionManager
 /// @notice Contract for managing auctions and placing bids
-contract AuctionManager is AuctionManagerStorage, AddressResolverUtil, Ownable, Initializable {
+contract AuctionManager is AuctionManagerStorage, Initializable, Ownable, AddressResolverUtil {
     event AuctionRestarted(bytes32 asyncId);
     event AuctionStarted(bytes32 asyncId);
     event AuctionEnded(bytes32 asyncId, Bid winningBid);
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
index 310d496f..df482fb5 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ import {WITHDRAW} from "../utils/common/Constants.sol";
 import {NotAuctionManager} from "../utils/common/Errors.sol";
 import {Bid, Fees, PayloadDetails, CallType, FinalizeParams, Parallel} from "../utils/common/Structs.sol";
 
-contract FeesManagerStorage {
+abstract contract FeesManagerStorage is IFeesManager {
+    uint256[50] _gap_before;
+
     uint256 public feesCounter;
     /// @notice Struct containing fee amounts and status
     struct TokenBalance {
@@ -32,17 +34,13 @@ contract FeesManagerStorage {
     /// @notice Mapping to track fees to be distributed to transmitters
     /// @dev transmitter => chainSlug => token => amount
     mapping(address => mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => uint256))) public transmitterFees;
+
+    uint256[50] _gap_after;
 }
 
 /// @title FeesManager
 /// @notice Contract for managing fees
-contract FeesManager is
-    IFeesManager,
-    FeesManagerStorage,
-    AddressResolverUtil,
-    Ownable,
-    Initializable
-{
+contract FeesManager is FeesManagerStorage, Initializable, Ownable, AddressResolverUtil {
     /// @notice Emitted when fees are blocked for a batch
     /// @param asyncId The batch identifier
     /// @param chainSlug The chain identifier
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
index 58755ec9..49f1966b 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ import {FORWARD_CALL, DISTRIBUTE_FEE, DEPLOY, WITHDRAW, QUERY, FINALIZE} from ".
 /// @title DeliveryHelperStorage
 /// @notice Storage contract for DeliveryHelper
 abstract contract DeliveryHelperStorage is IDeliveryHelper {
+    uint256[50] _gap_before;
+
     uint256 public saltCounter;
     uint256 public asyncCounter;
     uint256 public bidTimeout;
@@ -36,4 +38,6 @@ abstract contract DeliveryHelperStorage is IDeliveryHelper {
     mapping(bytes32 => PayloadDetails[]) public payloadBatchDetails;
     // asyncId => PayloadBatch
     mapping(bytes32 => PayloadBatch) internal _payloadBatches;
+
+    uint256[50] _gap_after;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
index 1d12c82b..c4a31bf9 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {AddressResolverUtil} from "../../utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol";
 import "./DeliveryHelperStorage.sol";
 
 /// @notice Abstract contract for managing asynchronous payloads
-abstract contract QueueAsync is DeliveryHelperStorage, AddressResolverUtil, Ownable {
+abstract contract QueueAsync is DeliveryHelperStorage, Ownable, AddressResolverUtil {
     event PayloadBatchCancelled(bytes32 asyncId);
     event BidTimeoutUpdated(uint256 newBidTimeout);
 
@@ -159,6 +159,4 @@ abstract contract QueueAsync is DeliveryHelperStorage, AddressResolverUtil, Owna
     function getAsyncBatchDetails(bytes32 asyncId_) external view returns (PayloadBatch memory) {
         return _payloadBatches[asyncId_];
     }
-
-    uint256[49] __gap;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol b/contracts/protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol
index a0dcd789..ad85e214 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol
@@ -67,5 +67,5 @@ abstract contract AddressResolverUtil {
     }
 
     // for proxy contracts
-    uint256[49] __gap_resolver_util;
+    uint256[50] __gap_resolver_util;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
index c530e489..0a073602 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import {TimeoutDelayTooLarge, TimeoutAlreadyResolved, InvalidInboxCaller, Resolv
 import {ResolvedPromises, AppGatewayConfig, LimitParams, UpdateLimitParams, PlugConfig, PayloadDigestParams, AsyncRequest, FinalizeParams, TimeoutRequest, CallFromChainParams} from "../utils/common/Structs.sol";
 
 abstract contract WatcherPrecompileStorage is IWatcherPrecompile {
+    uint256[50] _gap_before;
+
     /// @notice Number of decimals used in limit calculations
     uint256 public constant LIMIT_DECIMALS = 18;
 
@@ -74,4 +76,6 @@ abstract contract WatcherPrecompileStorage is IWatcherPrecompile {
     /// @notice Mapping to store if appGateway has been called with trigger from on-chain Inbox
     /// @dev callId => bool
     mapping(bytes32 => bool) public appGatewayCalled;
+
+    uint256[50] _gap_after;
 }

From fdf3538361ff84ce0b9397a1bfef388e40a6159f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ameesha Agrawal <ameeshaagrawal12@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 20:07:20 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/12] fix: gaps in inherited contracts

---
 .../protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol  | 2 ++
 .../payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol       | 3 +--
 .../protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol  | 5 ++++-
 contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol                | 2 ++
 contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol                        | 2 ++
 .../protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol      | 3 +--
 .../watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol         | 2 +-
 .../watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol         | 8 +++++---
 8 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
index fa6cd3a4..a5eda5a1 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
@@ -310,4 +310,6 @@ abstract contract BatchAsync is QueueAsync {
         );
         _deliverPayload(payloadDetailsArray, fees_, auctionManager_, new bytes(0));
     }
+
+    uint256[50] _gap_batch_async;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol
index 3df8d2e7..e7796e8b 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
 
-import "solady/utils/Initializable.sol";
 import "./BatchAsync.sol";
 
-contract DeliveryHelper is BatchAsync, Initializable {
+contract DeliveryHelper is BatchAsync {
     event CallBackReverted(bytes32 asyncId_, bytes32 payloadId_);
 
     constructor() {
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
index c4a31bf9..bf9b0046 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
@@ -2,13 +2,14 @@
 pragma solidity ^0.8.21;
 
 import {Ownable} from "solady/auth/Ownable.sol";
+import "solady/utils/Initializable.sol";
 
 import {AddressResolverUtil} from "../../utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol";
 
 import "./DeliveryHelperStorage.sol";
 
 /// @notice Abstract contract for managing asynchronous payloads
-abstract contract QueueAsync is DeliveryHelperStorage, Ownable, AddressResolverUtil {
+abstract contract QueueAsync is DeliveryHelperStorage, Initializable, Ownable, AddressResolverUtil {
     event PayloadBatchCancelled(bytes32 asyncId);
     event BidTimeoutUpdated(uint256 newBidTimeout);
 
@@ -159,4 +160,6 @@ abstract contract QueueAsync is DeliveryHelperStorage, Ownable, AddressResolverU
     function getAsyncBatchDetails(bytes32 asyncId_) external view returns (PayloadBatch memory) {
         return _payloadBatches[asyncId_];
     }
+
+    uint256[50] _gap_queue_async;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol b/contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol
index 1f050375..6086e354 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol
@@ -105,4 +105,6 @@ abstract contract AccessControl is Ownable {
     function _hasRole(bytes32 role_, address address_) internal view returns (bool) {
         return _permits[role_][address_];
     }
+
+    uint256[50] _gap_access_control;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol b/contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol
index 1aa4cebe..a9a6a7dc 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol
@@ -41,4 +41,6 @@ abstract contract Gauge {
             revert LimitReached();
         }
     }
+
+    uint256[50] _gap_gauge;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol
index 6d5c2aab..1d5fb8ed 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompile.sol
@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@
 pragma solidity ^0.8.21;
 
 import "./WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol";
-import "solady/utils/Initializable.sol";
 
 /// @title WatcherPrecompile
 /// @notice Contract that handles payload verification, execution and app configurations
-contract WatcherPrecompile is WatcherPrecompileConfig, Initializable {
+contract WatcherPrecompile is WatcherPrecompileConfig {
     /// @notice Error thrown when an invalid chain slug is provided
     error InvalidChainSlug();
     /// @notice Error thrown when an invalid app gateway reaches a plug
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
index a8bba140..cd63d06f 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
@@ -122,5 +122,5 @@ abstract contract WatcherPrecompileConfig is WatcherPrecompileLimits {
         if (signer != owner()) revert InvalidWatcherSignature();
     }
 
-    uint256[49] __gap_config;
+    uint256[50] _gap_watcher_precompile_config;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
index 05fc7565..14034ca5 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
@@ -6,12 +6,14 @@ import {Gauge} from "../utils/Gauge.sol";
 import {AddressResolverUtil} from "../utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol";
 import {WATCHER_ROLE} from "../utils/common/AccessRoles.sol";
 import "./WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol";
+import "solady/utils/Initializable.sol";
 
 abstract contract WatcherPrecompileLimits is
     WatcherPrecompileStorage,
+    Initializable,
+    AccessControl,
     Gauge,
-    AddressResolverUtil,
-    AccessControl
+    AddressResolverUtil
 {
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     ////////////////////// EVENTS //////////////////////////
@@ -164,5 +166,5 @@ abstract contract WatcherPrecompileLimits is
         defaultRatePerSecond = defaultRatePerSecond_;
     }
 
-    uint256[49] __gap;
+    uint256[50] _gap_watcher_precompile_limits;
 }

From 57a81b596a3b4663f799829decc355676572c0de Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ameesha Agrawal <ameeshaagrawal12@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2025 13:25:20 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/12] feat: change data type

---
 contracts/interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol      |  2 +-
 .../app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol            |  2 +-
 .../app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol     | 22 ++++++++++++++-----
 .../app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol                |  4 +++-
 4 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contracts/interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol b/contracts/interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol
index d6cd4fd3..2f9d15ae 100644
--- a/contracts/interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol
+++ b/contracts/interfaces/IDeliveryHelper.sol
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ interface IDeliveryHelper {
         Bid winningBid // Replaced winningTransmitter and winningBid with Bid struct
     );
 
-    function bidTimeout() external view returns (uint256);
+    function bidTimeout() external view returns (uint128);
 
     function payloadBatches(bytes32) external view returns (PayloadBatch memory);
 
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol
index e7796e8b..df7cb9bc 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelper.sol
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ contract DeliveryHelper is BatchAsync {
     function initialize(
         address addressResolver_,
         address owner_,
-        uint256 bidTimeout_
+        uint128 bidTimeout_
     ) public reinitializer(1) {
         _setAddressResolver(addressResolver_);
         bidTimeout = bidTimeout_;
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
index 49f1966b..118444ff 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
@@ -20,22 +20,34 @@ import {FORWARD_CALL, DISTRIBUTE_FEE, DEPLOY, WITHDRAW, QUERY, FINALIZE} from ".
 abstract contract DeliveryHelperStorage is IDeliveryHelper {
     uint256[50] _gap_before;
 
+    // slot 50
     uint256 public saltCounter;
-    uint256 public asyncCounter;
-    uint256 public bidTimeout;
 
-    /// @notice The call parameters array
-    CallParams[] public callParamsArray;
+    // slot 51
+    uint128 public asyncCounter;
+    uint128 public bidTimeout;
 
+    // slot 52
     bytes32[] public tempPayloadIds;
 
+    // slot 53
+    /// @notice The call parameters array
+    CallParams[] public callParamsArray;
+
+    // slot 54
     /// @notice The mapping of valid promises
     mapping(address => bool) public isValidPromise;
-    // payloadId => asyncId
+
+    // slot 55 - payloadIdToBatchHash
     mapping(bytes32 => bytes32) public payloadIdToBatchHash;
+    // slot 56 - payloadIdToPayloadDetails 
     mapping(bytes32 => PayloadDetails) public payloadIdToPayloadDetails;
+
+    // slot 57
     // asyncId => PayloadDetails[]
     mapping(bytes32 => PayloadDetails[]) public payloadBatchDetails;
+    
+    // slot 58
     // asyncId => PayloadBatch
     mapping(bytes32 => PayloadBatch) internal _payloadBatches;
 
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
index bf9b0046..ce859cec 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ abstract contract QueueAsync is DeliveryHelperStorage, Initializable, Ownable, A
     function _createPayloadDetailsArray(
         bytes32 sbType_
     ) internal returns (PayloadDetails[] memory payloadDetailsArray) {
+        if (callParamsArray.length == 0) return payloadDetailsArray;
+
         payloadDetailsArray = new PayloadDetails[](callParamsArray.length);
         for (uint256 i = 0; i < callParamsArray.length; i++) {
             CallParams memory params = callParamsArray[i];
@@ -140,7 +142,7 @@ abstract contract QueueAsync is DeliveryHelperStorage, Initializable, Ownable, A
 
     /// @notice Updates the bid timeout
     /// @param newBidTimeout_ The new bid timeout value
-    function updateBidTimeout(uint256 newBidTimeout_) external onlyOwner {
+    function updateBidTimeout(uint128 newBidTimeout_) external onlyOwner {
         bidTimeout = newBidTimeout_;
         emit BidTimeoutUpdated(newBidTimeout_);
     }

From 2bf154967748fd3ad64a6a9e80d2fb8464359f8f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ameesha Agrawal <ameeshaagrawal12@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2025 14:21:31 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/12] doc: added slots

---
 contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol        |  25 +-
 contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol           |  11 +
 contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol              |   6 +
 .../payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol       |  12 +
 .../protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol |  11 +-
 .../app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol                |   1 +
 .../app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol     |   6 +-
 .../app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol                |   3 +
 .../protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol    |   3 +-
 contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol            |   1 +
 .../WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol               |   1 +
 .../WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol               |   8 +
 .../WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol              |  22 ++
 test/mock/MockSocket.sol                      | 181 +++++++++++++
 test/mock/MockWatcherPrecompile.sol           | 245 ++++++++++++++++++
 15 files changed, 528 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 test/mock/MockSocket.sol
 create mode 100644 test/mock/MockWatcherPrecompile.sol

diff --git a/contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol b/contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol
index 64c5bb21..fe87dbe9 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/AddressResolver.sol
@@ -10,29 +10,46 @@ import {Forwarder} from "./Forwarder.sol";
 import {AsyncPromise} from "./AsyncPromise.sol";
 
 abstract contract AddressResolverStorage is IAddressResolver {
+    // slots [0-49] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_before;
+
+    // slot 50
     IWatcherPrecompile public override watcherPrecompile__;
+
+    // slot 51
     address public override deliveryHelper;
+
+    // slot 52
     address public override feesManager;
 
-    // Beacons for managing upgrades
+    // slot 53
     UpgradeableBeacon public forwarderBeacon;
+
+    // slot 54
     UpgradeableBeacon public asyncPromiseBeacon;
 
+    // slot 55
     address public forwarderImplementation;
+
+    // slot 56
     address public asyncPromiseImplementation;
 
-    // Array to store promises
+    // slot 57
     address[] internal _promises;
 
+    // slot 58
     uint256 public asyncPromiseCounter;
+
+    // slot 59
     uint64 public version;
 
-    // contracts to gateway map
+    // slot 60
     mapping(address => address) public override contractsToGateways;
-    // gateway to contract map
+
+    // slot 61
     mapping(address => address) public override gatewaysToContracts;
 
+    // slots [62-111] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_after;
 }
 
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol b/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol
index 268f27cd..869601c3 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol
@@ -16,27 +16,38 @@ enum AsyncPromiseState {
 }
 
 abstract contract AsyncPromiseStorage is IPromise {
+    // slots [0-49] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_before;
+
+    // slot 50
     /// @notice The callback selector to be called on the invoker.
     bytes4 public callbackSelector;
 
+    // slot 51
     /// @notice Indicates whether the promise has been resolved.
     bool public override resolved;
 
+    // slot 52
     /// @notice The current state of the async promise.
     AsyncPromiseState public state;
 
+    // slot 53
     /// @notice The local contract which initiated the async call.
     /// @dev The callback will be executed on this address
     address public localInvoker;
 
+    // slot 54
     /// @notice The forwarder address which can call the callback
     address public forwarder;
 
+    // slot 55
     /// @notice The callback data to be used when the promise is resolved.
     bytes public callbackData;
 
+    // slots [56-105] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_after;
+
+    // slots 106-157 reserved for addr resolver util
 }
 
 /// @title AsyncPromise
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol b/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol
index 9cfb4d03..13785b7b 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/Forwarder.sol
@@ -9,20 +9,26 @@ import "../interfaces/IForwarder.sol";
 import "solady/utils/Initializable.sol";
 
 abstract contract ForwarderStorage is IForwarder {
+    // slots [0-49] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_before;
 
+    // slot 50
     /// @notice chain id
     uint32 public chainSlug;
 
+    // slot 51
     /// @notice on-chain address associated with this forwarder
     address public onChainAddress;
 
+    // slot 52
     /// @notice address resolver contract address for imp addresses
     address public addressResolver;
 
+    // slot 53
     /// @notice caches the latest async promise address for the last call
     address public latestAsyncPromise;
 
+    // slots [54-103] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_after;
 }
 
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol
index c24054ce..c7e2b260 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol
@@ -14,17 +14,29 @@ import {Fees, Bid, PayloadBatch} from "../utils/common/Structs.sol";
 import {AuctionClosed, AuctionAlreadyStarted, BidExceedsMaxFees, LowerBidAlreadyExists, InvalidTransmitter} from "../utils/common/Errors.sol";
 
 abstract contract AuctionManagerStorage is IAuctionManager {
+    // slots [0-49] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_before;
 
+    // slot 50
     uint32 public evmxChainSlug;
+
+    // slot 51
     mapping(bytes32 => Bid) public winningBids;
+
+    // slot 52
     // asyncId => auction status
     mapping(bytes32 => bool) public override auctionClosed;
+
+    // slot 53
     mapping(bytes32 => bool) public override auctionStarted;
 
+    // slot 54
     uint256 public auctionEndDelaySeconds;
 
+    // slots [55-104] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_after;
+
+    // slots 105-156 reserved for addr resolver util
 }
 
 /// @title AuctionManager
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
index df482fb5..007e2e09 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
@@ -13,30 +13,39 @@ import {NotAuctionManager} from "../utils/common/Errors.sol";
 import {Bid, Fees, PayloadDetails, CallType, FinalizeParams, Parallel} from "../utils/common/Structs.sol";
 
 abstract contract FeesManagerStorage is IFeesManager {
+    // slots [0-49] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_before;
 
+    // slot 50
     uint256 public feesCounter;
+
     /// @notice Struct containing fee amounts and status
     struct TokenBalance {
         uint256 deposited; // Amount deposited
         uint256 blocked; // Amount blocked
     }
 
+    // slot 51
     /// @notice Master mapping tracking all fee information
     /// @dev appGateway => chainSlug => token => TokenBalance
     mapping(address => mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => TokenBalance)))
         public appGatewayFeeBalances;
 
+    // slot 52
     /// @notice Mapping to track blocked fees for each async id
     /// @dev asyncId => Fees
     mapping(bytes32 => Fees) public asyncIdBlockedFees;
 
+    // slot 53
     /// @notice Mapping to track fees to be distributed to transmitters
     /// @dev transmitter => chainSlug => token => amount
     mapping(address => mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => uint256))) public transmitterFees;
 
+    // slots [54-103] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_after;
-}
+
+    // slots 104-153 reserved for addr resolver util
+    }
 
 /// @title FeesManager
 /// @notice Contract for managing fees
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
index a5eda5a1..634709e8 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
@@ -311,5 +311,6 @@ abstract contract BatchAsync is QueueAsync {
         _deliverPayload(payloadDetailsArray, fees_, auctionManager_, new bytes(0));
     }
 
+    // slots [211-260] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_batch_async;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
index 118444ff..1801385a 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/DeliveryHelperStorage.sol
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {FORWARD_CALL, DISTRIBUTE_FEE, DEPLOY, WITHDRAW, QUERY, FINALIZE} from ".
 /// @title DeliveryHelperStorage
 /// @notice Storage contract for DeliveryHelper
 abstract contract DeliveryHelperStorage is IDeliveryHelper {
+    // slots [0-49] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_before;
 
     // slot 50
@@ -40,16 +41,17 @@ abstract contract DeliveryHelperStorage is IDeliveryHelper {
 
     // slot 55 - payloadIdToBatchHash
     mapping(bytes32 => bytes32) public payloadIdToBatchHash;
-    // slot 56 - payloadIdToPayloadDetails 
+    // slot 56 - payloadIdToPayloadDetails
     mapping(bytes32 => PayloadDetails) public payloadIdToPayloadDetails;
 
     // slot 57
     // asyncId => PayloadDetails[]
     mapping(bytes32 => PayloadDetails[]) public payloadBatchDetails;
-    
+
     // slot 58
     // asyncId => PayloadBatch
     mapping(bytes32 => PayloadBatch) internal _payloadBatches;
 
+    // slots [59-108] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_after;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
index ce859cec..9b9d36ab 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import "./DeliveryHelperStorage.sol";
 
 /// @notice Abstract contract for managing asynchronous payloads
 abstract contract QueueAsync is DeliveryHelperStorage, Initializable, Ownable, AddressResolverUtil {
+    // slots [0-108] reserved for delivery helper storage and [109-160] reserved for addr resolver util
+
     event PayloadBatchCancelled(bytes32 asyncId);
     event BidTimeoutUpdated(uint256 newBidTimeout);
 
@@ -163,5 +165,6 @@ abstract contract QueueAsync is DeliveryHelperStorage, Initializable, Ownable, A
         return _payloadBatches[asyncId_];
     }
 
+    // slots [161-210] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_queue_async;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol b/contracts/protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol
index ad85e214..7862aab6 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import "../../interfaces/IWatcherPrecompile.sol";
 abstract contract AddressResolverUtil {
     /// @notice The address resolver contract reference
     /// @dev Used to look up system contract addresses
+    // slot 0
     IAddressResolver public addressResolver__;
 
     /// @notice Error thrown when an invalid address attempts to call the Payload Delivery only function
@@ -66,6 +67,6 @@ abstract contract AddressResolverUtil {
         if (appGateway == address(0)) appGateway = originAppGateway_;
     }
 
-    // for proxy contracts
+    // slots 1-50 reserved for future use
     uint256[50] __gap_resolver_util;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol b/contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol
index a9a6a7dc..3fde631f 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol
@@ -42,5 +42,6 @@ abstract contract Gauge {
         }
     }
 
+    // slot 0-49: gap for future storage variables
     uint256[50] _gap_gauge;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
index cd63d06f..1acad489 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
@@ -122,5 +122,6 @@ abstract contract WatcherPrecompileConfig is WatcherPrecompileLimits {
         if (signer != owner()) revert InvalidWatcherSignature();
     }
 
+    // slot 324-374: gap for future storage variables
     uint256[50] _gap_watcher_precompile_config;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
index 14034ca5..e21eaff6 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@ abstract contract WatcherPrecompileLimits is
     Gauge,
     AddressResolverUtil
 {
+    // Slots from parent contracts:
+    // slot 0-119: watcher precompile storage
+    // 0 slots for initializable and ownable
+    // slots 120-170: access control
+    // slots 171-221: gauge
+    // slots 222-272: address resolver util
+
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     ////////////////////// EVENTS //////////////////////////
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -166,5 +173,6 @@ abstract contract WatcherPrecompileLimits is
         defaultRatePerSecond = defaultRatePerSecond_;
     }
 
+    // slots 273-323: gap for future storage variables
     uint256[50] _gap_watcher_precompile_limits;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
index 0a073602..640b90b0 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
@@ -11,71 +11,93 @@ import {TimeoutDelayTooLarge, TimeoutAlreadyResolved, InvalidInboxCaller, Resolv
 import {ResolvedPromises, AppGatewayConfig, LimitParams, UpdateLimitParams, PlugConfig, PayloadDigestParams, AsyncRequest, FinalizeParams, TimeoutRequest, CallFromChainParams} from "../utils/common/Structs.sol";
 
 abstract contract WatcherPrecompileStorage is IWatcherPrecompile {
+    // slot 0-49: gap for future storage variables
     uint256[50] _gap_before;
 
+    // slot 50: constant LIMIT_DECIMALS (doesn't use storage)
     /// @notice Number of decimals used in limit calculations
     uint256 public constant LIMIT_DECIMALS = 18;
 
+    // slot 51: defaultLimit
     /// @notice Default limit value for any app gateway
     uint256 public defaultLimit;
+    // slot 52: defaultRatePerSecond
     /// @notice Rate at which limit replenishes per second
     uint256 public defaultRatePerSecond;
 
+    // slot 53: evmxChainSlug
     /// @notice The chain slug of the watcher precompile
     uint32 public evmxChainSlug;
 
+    // slot 54: _limitParams
     // appGateway => limitType => receivingLimitParams
     mapping(address => mapping(bytes32 => LimitParams)) internal _limitParams;
 
+    // slot 55: _activeAppGateways
     // Mapping to track active app gateways
     mapping(address => bool) internal _activeAppGateways;
 
+    // slot 56: _plugConfigs
     /// @notice Maps network and plug to their configuration
     /// @dev chainSlug => plug => PlugConfig
     mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => PlugConfig)) internal _plugConfigs;
 
+    // slot 57: switchboards
     /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated switchboard
     /// @dev chainSlug => sb type => switchboard address
     mapping(uint32 => mapping(bytes32 => address)) public switchboards;
 
+    // slot 58: sockets
     /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated socket
     /// @dev chainSlug => socket address
     mapping(uint32 => address) public sockets;
 
+    // slot 59: contractFactoryPlug
     /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated contract factory plug
     /// @dev chainSlug => contract factory plug address
     mapping(uint32 => address) public contractFactoryPlug;
 
+    // slot 60: feesPlug
     /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated fees plug
     /// @dev chainSlug => fees plug address
     mapping(uint32 => address) public feesPlug;
 
+    // slot 61: isNonceUsed
     /// @notice Maps nonce to whether it has been used
     /// @dev signatureNonce => isValid
     mapping(uint256 => bool) public isNonceUsed;
 
+    // slot 62: isValidPlug
     // appGateway => chainSlug => plug => isValid
     mapping(address => mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => bool))) public isValidPlug;
 
+    // slot 63: maxTimeoutDelayInSeconds
     uint256 public maxTimeoutDelayInSeconds;
+    // slot 64: payloadCounter
     /// @notice Counter for tracking payload requests
     uint256 public payloadCounter;
+    // slot 65: expiryTime
     /// @notice The expiry time for the payload
     uint256 public expiryTime;
 
+    // slot 66: asyncRequests
     /// @notice Mapping to store async requests
     /// @dev payloadId => AsyncRequest struct
     mapping(bytes32 => AsyncRequest) public asyncRequests;
+    // slot 67: timeoutRequests
     /// @notice Mapping to store timeout requests
     /// @dev timeoutId => TimeoutRequest struct
     mapping(bytes32 => TimeoutRequest) public timeoutRequests;
+    // slot 68: watcherProofs
     /// @notice Mapping to store watcher proofs
     /// @dev payloadId => proof bytes
     mapping(bytes32 => bytes) public watcherProofs;
 
+    // slot 69: appGatewayCalled
     /// @notice Mapping to store if appGateway has been called with trigger from on-chain Inbox
     /// @dev callId => bool
     mapping(bytes32 => bool) public appGatewayCalled;
 
+    // slots 70-119: gap for future storage variables
     uint256[50] _gap_after;
 }
diff --git a/test/mock/MockSocket.sol b/test/mock/MockSocket.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6a4c96e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/mock/MockSocket.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+pragma solidity ^0.8.21;
+
+import {PlugDisconnected, InvalidAppGateway} from "../protocol/utils/common/Errors.sol";
+import "../interfaces/ISwitchboard.sol";
+import "../interfaces/ISocket.sol";
+
+/**
+ * @title SocketDst
+ * @dev SocketDst is an abstract contract that inherits from SocketUtils and
+ * provides functionality for payload execution, verification.
+ * It manages the mapping of payload execution status
+ * timestamps
+ * It also includes functions for payload execution and verification
+ */
+contract MockSocket is ISocket {
+    struct PlugConfig {
+        // address of the sibling plug on the remote chain
+        address appGateway;
+        // switchboard instance for the plug connection
+        ISwitchboard switchboard__;
+    }
+
+    // plug => (appGateway, switchboard__)
+    mapping(address => PlugConfig) internal _plugConfigs;
+
+    function getPlugConfig(
+        address plugAddress_
+    ) external view returns (address appGateway, address switchboard__) {
+        PlugConfig memory _plugConfig = _plugConfigs[plugAddress_];
+        return (_plugConfig.appGateway, address(_plugConfig.switchboard__));
+    }
+
+    function connect(address appGateway_, address switchboard_) external override {}
+
+    function registerSwitchboard() external override {}
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    ////////////////////// ERRORS //////////////////////////
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    /**
+     * @dev Error emitted when proof is invalid
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Error emitted when a payload has already been executed
+     */
+    error PayloadAlreadyExecuted();
+    /**
+     * @dev Error emitted when the executor is not valid
+     */
+    /**
+     * @dev Error emitted when verification fails
+     */
+    error VerificationFailed();
+    /**
+     * @dev Error emitted when source slugs deduced from packet id and msg id don't match
+     */
+    /**
+     * @dev Error emitted when less gas limit is provided for execution than expected
+     */
+    error LowGasLimit();
+    error InvalidSlug();
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    ////////////////////// State Vars //////////////////////////
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    uint64 public callCounter;
+    uint32 public chainSlug;
+
+    enum ExecutionStatus {
+        NotExecuted,
+        Executed,
+        Reverted
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev keeps track of whether a payload has been executed or not using payload id
+     */
+    mapping(bytes32 => ExecutionStatus) public payloadExecuted;
+
+    constructor(uint32 chainSlug_, address, address, address, string memory) {
+        chainSlug = chainSlug_;
+    }
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    ////////////////////// OPERATIONS //////////////////////////
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /**
+     * @notice To send message to a connected remote chain. Should only be called by a plug.
+     * @param payload bytes to be delivered to the Plug on the siblingChainSlug_
+     * @param params a 32 bytes param to add details for execution, for eg: fees to be paid for execution
+     */
+    function callAppGateway(
+        bytes calldata payload,
+        bytes32 params
+    ) external returns (bytes32 callId) {
+        PlugConfig memory plugConfig = _plugConfigs[msg.sender];
+        // creates a unique ID for the message
+        callId = _encodeCallId(plugConfig.appGateway);
+        emit AppGatewayCallRequested(
+            callId,
+            chainSlug,
+            msg.sender,
+            plugConfig.appGateway,
+            params,
+            payload
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @notice Executes a payload that has been delivered by transmitters and authenticated by switchboards
+     */
+    function execute(
+        address,
+        ExecuteParams memory params_,
+        bytes memory
+    ) external payable returns (bytes memory) {
+        // execute payload
+        return
+            _execute(params_.target, params_.payloadId, params_.executionGasLimit, params_.payload);
+    }
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    ////////////////// INTERNAL FUNCS //////////////////////
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    function _verify(
+        bytes32 digest_,
+        bytes32 payloadId_,
+        ISwitchboard switchboard__
+    ) internal view {
+        // NOTE: is the the first un-trusted call in the system, another one is Plug.call
+        if (!switchboard__.allowPacket(digest_, payloadId_)) revert VerificationFailed();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function assumes localPlug_ will have code while executing. As the payload
+     * execution failure is not blocking the system, it is not necessary to check if
+     * code exists in the given address.
+     */
+    function _execute(
+        address,
+        bytes32 payloadId_,
+        uint256,
+        bytes memory
+    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
+        bytes memory returnData = hex"00010203";
+        emit ExecutionSuccess(payloadId_, returnData);
+        return returnData;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Decodes the switchboard address from a given payload id.
+     * @param id_ The ID of the msg to decode the switchboard from.
+     * @return switchboard_ The address of switchboard decoded from the payload ID.
+     */
+    function _decodeSwitchboard(bytes32 id_) internal pure returns (address switchboard_) {
+        switchboard_ = address(uint160(uint256(id_) >> 64));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Decodes the chain ID from a given packet/payload ID.
+     * @param id_ The ID of the packet/msg to decode the chain slug from.
+     * @return chainSlug_ The chain slug decoded from the packet/payload ID.
+     */
+    function _decodeChainSlug(bytes32 id_) internal pure returns (uint32 chainSlug_) {
+        chainSlug_ = uint32(uint256(id_) >> 224);
+    }
+
+    // Packs the local plug, local chain slug, remote chain slug and nonce
+    // callCount++ will take care of call id overflow as well
+    // callId(256) = localChainSlug(32) | appGateway_(160) | nonce(64)
+    function _encodeCallId(address appGateway_) internal returns (bytes32) {
+        return
+            bytes32(
+                (uint256(chainSlug) << 224) | (uint256(uint160(appGateway_)) << 64) | callCounter++
+            );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/mock/MockWatcherPrecompile.sol b/test/mock/MockWatcherPrecompile.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..93f9b3c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/mock/MockWatcherPrecompile.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
+pragma solidity ^0.8.21;
+
+import "../interfaces/IAppGateway.sol";
+import "../interfaces/IWatcherPrecompile.sol";
+import "../interfaces/IPromise.sol";
+
+import {PayloadDigestParams, AsyncRequest, FinalizeParams, TimeoutRequest, CallFromChainParams, PlugConfig, ResolvedPromises, AppGatewayConfig} from "../protocol/utils/common/Structs.sol";
+import {QUERY, FINALIZE, SCHEDULE} from "../protocol/utils/common/Constants.sol";
+import {TimeoutDelayTooLarge, TimeoutAlreadyResolved, InvalidInboxCaller, ResolvingTimeoutTooEarly, CallFailed, AppGatewayAlreadyCalled} from "../protocol/utils/common/Errors.sol";
+import "solady/utils/ERC1967Factory.sol";
+
+/// @title WatcherPrecompile
+/// @notice Contract that handles payload verification, execution and app configurations
+contract MockWatcherPrecompile {
+    uint256 public maxTimeoutDelayInSeconds = 24 * 60 * 60; // 24 hours
+    /// @notice Counter for tracking query requests
+    uint256 public queryCounter;
+    /// @notice Counter for tracking payload execution requests
+    uint256 public payloadCounter;
+    /// @notice Counter for tracking timeout requests
+    uint256 public timeoutCounter;
+    /// @notice Mapping to store async requests
+    /// @dev payloadId => AsyncRequest struct
+    mapping(bytes32 => AsyncRequest) public asyncRequests;
+    /// @notice Mapping to store timeout requests
+    /// @dev timeoutId => TimeoutRequest struct
+    mapping(bytes32 => TimeoutRequest) public timeoutRequests;
+
+    mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => PlugConfig)) internal _plugConfigs;
+
+    /// @notice Error thrown when an invalid chain slug is provided
+    error InvalidChainSlug();
+    error InvalidTransmitter();
+
+    event CalledAppGateway(
+        bytes32 callId,
+        uint32 chainSlug,
+        address plug,
+        address appGateway,
+        bytes32 params,
+        bytes payload
+    );
+
+    /// @notice Emitted when a new query is requested
+    /// @param chainSlug The identifier of the destination chain
+    /// @param targetAddress The address of the target contract
+    /// @param payloadId The unique identifier for the query
+    /// @param payload The query data
+    event QueryRequested(uint32 chainSlug, address targetAddress, bytes32 payloadId, bytes payload);
+
+    /// @notice Emitted when a finalize request is made
+    /// @param payloadId The unique identifier for the request
+    /// @param asyncRequest The async request details
+    event FinalizeRequested(bytes32 indexed payloadId, AsyncRequest asyncRequest);
+
+    /// @notice Emitted when a request is finalized
+    /// @param payloadId The unique identifier for the request
+    /// @param asyncRequest The async request details
+    /// @param proof The proof from the watcher
+    event Finalized(bytes32 indexed payloadId, AsyncRequest asyncRequest, bytes proof);
+
+    /// @notice Emitted when a promise is resolved
+    /// @param payloadId The unique identifier for the resolved promise
+    event PromiseResolved(bytes32 indexed payloadId);
+
+    event TimeoutRequested(
+        bytes32 timeoutId,
+        address target,
+        bytes payload,
+        uint256 executeAt // Epoch time when the task should execute
+    );
+
+    /// @notice Emitted when a timeout is resolved
+    /// @param timeoutId The unique identifier for the timeout
+    /// @param target The target address for the timeout
+    /// @param payload The payload data
+    /// @param executedAt The epoch time when the task was executed
+    event TimeoutResolved(bytes32 timeoutId, address target, bytes payload, uint256 executedAt);
+
+    /// @notice Contract constructor
+    /// @param _owner Address of the contract owner
+    constructor(address _owner, address addressResolver_) {}
+
+    // ================== Timeout functions ==================
+
+    /// @notice Sets a timeout for a payload execution on app gateway
+    /// @param payload_ The payload data
+    /// @param delayInSeconds_ The delay in seconds
+    function setTimeout(bytes calldata payload_, uint256 delayInSeconds_) external {
+        uint256 executeAt = block.timestamp + delayInSeconds_;
+        bytes32 timeoutId = _encodeTimeoutId(timeoutCounter++);
+        timeoutRequests[timeoutId] = TimeoutRequest(
+            timeoutId,
+            msg.sender,
+            delayInSeconds_,
+            executeAt,
+            0,
+            false,
+            payload_
+        );
+        emit TimeoutRequested(timeoutId, msg.sender, payload_, executeAt);
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Ends the timeouts and calls the target address with the callback payload
+    /// @param timeoutId The unique identifier for the timeout
+    /// @dev Only callable by the contract owner
+    function resolveTimeout(bytes32 timeoutId) external {
+        TimeoutRequest storage timeoutRequest = timeoutRequests[timeoutId];
+
+        (bool success, ) = address(timeoutRequest.target).call(timeoutRequest.payload);
+        if (!success) revert CallFailed();
+        emit TimeoutResolved(
+            timeoutId,
+            timeoutRequest.target,
+            timeoutRequest.payload,
+            block.timestamp
+        );
+    }
+
+    // ================== Finalize functions ==================
+
+    /// @notice Finalizes a payload request, requests the watcher to release the proofs to execute on chain
+    /// @param params_ The finalization parameters
+    /// @return payloadId The unique identifier for the finalized request
+    /// @return digest The digest of the payload parameters
+    function finalize(
+        FinalizeParams memory params_
+    ) external returns (bytes32 payloadId, bytes32 digest) {
+        digest = keccak256(abi.encode(block.timestamp));
+        // Generate a unique payload ID by combining chain, target, and counter
+        payloadId = encodePayloadId(
+            params_.payloadDetails.chainSlug,
+            params_.payloadDetails.target,
+            payloadCounter++
+        );
+        address[] memory next = new address[](1);
+        emit FinalizeRequested(
+            payloadId,
+            AsyncRequest(
+                msg.sender,
+                address(0),
+                address(0),
+                params_.payloadDetails.target,
+                address(0),
+                0,
+                block.timestamp + 1000,
+                params_.asyncId,
+                bytes32(0),
+                bytes(""),
+                next
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    // ================== Query functions ==================
+    /// @notice Creates a new query request
+    /// @param chainSlug The identifier of the destination chain
+    /// @param targetAddress The address of the target contract
+    /// @param payload The query payload data
+    /// @return payloadId The unique identifier for the query
+    function query(
+        uint32 chainSlug,
+        address targetAddress,
+        address[] memory,
+        bytes memory payload
+    ) public returns (bytes32 payloadId) {
+        payloadId = bytes32(queryCounter++);
+        emit QueryRequested(chainSlug, targetAddress, payloadId, payload);
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Marks a request as finalized with a proof
+    /// @param payloadId_ The unique identifier of the request
+    /// @param proof_ The watcher's proof
+    /// @dev Only callable by the contract owner
+    function finalized(bytes32 payloadId_, bytes calldata proof_) external {
+        emit Finalized(payloadId_, asyncRequests[payloadId_], proof_);
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Resolves multiple promises with their return data
+    /// @param resolvedPromises_ Array of resolved promises and their return data
+    /// @dev Only callable by the contract owner
+    function resolvePromises(ResolvedPromises[] calldata resolvedPromises_) external {
+        for (uint256 i = 0; i < resolvedPromises_.length; i++) {
+            emit PromiseResolved(resolvedPromises_[i].payloadId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ================== On-Chain Inbox ==================
+
+    function callAppGateways(CallFromChainParams[] calldata params_) external {
+        for (uint256 i = 0; i < params_.length; i++) {
+            emit CalledAppGateway(
+                params_[i].callId,
+                params_[i].chainSlug,
+                params_[i].plug,
+                params_[i].appGateway,
+                params_[i].params,
+                params_[i].payload
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Encodes a unique payload ID from chain slug, plug address, and counter
+    /// @param chainSlug_ The identifier of the chain
+    /// @param plug_ The plug address
+    /// @param counter_ The current counter value
+    /// @return The encoded payload ID as bytes32
+    /// @dev Reverts if chainSlug is 0
+    function encodePayloadId(
+        uint32 chainSlug_,
+        address plug_,
+        uint256 counter_
+    ) internal view returns (bytes32) {
+        if (chainSlug_ == 0) revert InvalidChainSlug();
+        (, address switchboard) = getPlugConfigs(chainSlug_, plug_);
+        // Encode payload ID by bit-shifting and combining:
+        // chainSlug (32 bits) | switchboard address (160 bits) | counter (64 bits)
+
+        return
+            bytes32(
+                (uint256(chainSlug_) << 224) | (uint256(uint160(switchboard)) << 64) | counter_
+            );
+    }
+
+    function _encodeTimeoutId(uint256 timeoutCounter_) internal view returns (bytes32) {
+        // watcher address (160 bits) | counter (64 bits)
+        return bytes32((uint256(uint160(address(this))) << 64) | timeoutCounter_);
+    }
+
+    /// @notice Retrieves the configuration for a specific plug on a network
+    /// @param chainSlug_ The identifier of the network
+    /// @param plug_ The address of the plug
+    /// @return The app gateway address and switchboard address for the plug
+    /// @dev Returns zero addresses if configuration doesn't exist
+    function getPlugConfigs(
+        uint32 chainSlug_,
+        address plug_
+    ) public view returns (address, address) {
+        return (
+            _plugConfigs[chainSlug_][plug_].appGateway,
+            _plugConfigs[chainSlug_][plug_].switchboard
+        );
+    }
+}

From 8668471ac8a98f56fe004c71b9b257d6688a159d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ameesha Agrawal <ameeshaagrawal12@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 12:28:31 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/12] fix: slot comments

---
 .../WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol              | 45 +++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
index 640b90b0..a8f11fd7 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
@@ -14,90 +14,89 @@ abstract contract WatcherPrecompileStorage is IWatcherPrecompile {
     // slot 0-49: gap for future storage variables
     uint256[50] _gap_before;
 
-    // slot 50: constant LIMIT_DECIMALS (doesn't use storage)
     /// @notice Number of decimals used in limit calculations
     uint256 public constant LIMIT_DECIMALS = 18;
 
-    // slot 51: defaultLimit
+    // slot 50: defaultLimit
     /// @notice Default limit value for any app gateway
     uint256 public defaultLimit;
-    // slot 52: defaultRatePerSecond
+    // slot 51: defaultRatePerSecond
     /// @notice Rate at which limit replenishes per second
     uint256 public defaultRatePerSecond;
 
-    // slot 53: evmxChainSlug
+    // slot 52: evmxSlug
     /// @notice The chain slug of the watcher precompile
-    uint32 public evmxChainSlug;
+    uint32 public evmxSlug;
 
-    // slot 54: _limitParams
+    // slot 53: _limitParams
     // appGateway => limitType => receivingLimitParams
     mapping(address => mapping(bytes32 => LimitParams)) internal _limitParams;
 
-    // slot 55: _activeAppGateways
+    // slot 54: _activeAppGateways
     // Mapping to track active app gateways
     mapping(address => bool) internal _activeAppGateways;
 
-    // slot 56: _plugConfigs
+    // slot 55: _plugConfigs
     /// @notice Maps network and plug to their configuration
     /// @dev chainSlug => plug => PlugConfig
     mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => PlugConfig)) internal _plugConfigs;
 
-    // slot 57: switchboards
+    // slot 56: switchboards
     /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated switchboard
     /// @dev chainSlug => sb type => switchboard address
     mapping(uint32 => mapping(bytes32 => address)) public switchboards;
 
-    // slot 58: sockets
+    // slot 57: sockets
     /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated socket
     /// @dev chainSlug => socket address
     mapping(uint32 => address) public sockets;
 
-    // slot 59: contractFactoryPlug
+    // slot 58: contractFactoryPlug
     /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated contract factory plug
     /// @dev chainSlug => contract factory plug address
     mapping(uint32 => address) public contractFactoryPlug;
 
-    // slot 60: feesPlug
+    // slot 59: feesPlug
     /// @notice Maps chain slug to their associated fees plug
     /// @dev chainSlug => fees plug address
     mapping(uint32 => address) public feesPlug;
 
-    // slot 61: isNonceUsed
+    // slot 60: isNonceUsed
     /// @notice Maps nonce to whether it has been used
     /// @dev signatureNonce => isValid
     mapping(uint256 => bool) public isNonceUsed;
 
-    // slot 62: isValidPlug
+    // slot 61: isValidPlug
     // appGateway => chainSlug => plug => isValid
     mapping(address => mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => bool))) public isValidPlug;
 
-    // slot 63: maxTimeoutDelayInSeconds
+    // slot 62: maxTimeoutDelayInSeconds
     uint256 public maxTimeoutDelayInSeconds;
-    // slot 64: payloadCounter
+    // slot 63: payloadCounter
     /// @notice Counter for tracking payload requests
     uint256 public payloadCounter;
-    // slot 65: expiryTime
+    // slot 64: expiryTime
     /// @notice The expiry time for the payload
     uint256 public expiryTime;
 
-    // slot 66: asyncRequests
+    // slot 65: asyncRequests
     /// @notice Mapping to store async requests
     /// @dev payloadId => AsyncRequest struct
     mapping(bytes32 => AsyncRequest) public asyncRequests;
-    // slot 67: timeoutRequests
+    // slot 66: timeoutRequests
     /// @notice Mapping to store timeout requests
     /// @dev timeoutId => TimeoutRequest struct
     mapping(bytes32 => TimeoutRequest) public timeoutRequests;
-    // slot 68: watcherProofs
+    // slot 67: watcherProofs
     /// @notice Mapping to store watcher proofs
     /// @dev payloadId => proof bytes
     mapping(bytes32 => bytes) public watcherProofs;
 
-    // slot 69: appGatewayCalled
+    // slot 68: appGatewayCalled
     /// @notice Mapping to store if appGateway has been called with trigger from on-chain Inbox
     /// @dev callId => bool
     mapping(bytes32 => bool) public appGatewayCalled;
 
-    // slots 70-119: gap for future storage variables
-    uint256[50] _gap_after;
+    // slots 69-119: gap for future storage variables
+    uint256[51] _gap_after;
 }

From 86ff37ffbc65447532f98719a47a6844649f9b02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ameesha Agrawal <ameeshaagrawal12@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 12:28:56 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/12] fix: comment

---
 contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
index b5bc3781..c43e8a39 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ abstract contract FeesManagerStorage is IFeesManager {
 
     // slot 54
     /// @notice Mapping to track nonce to whether it has been used
-    /// @dev signatureNonce => isValid
+    /// @dev signatureNonce => isNonceUsed
     mapping(uint256 => bool) public isNonceUsed;
 
     // slots [55-104] reserved for gap

From 578a685a010586706e4d8cc17dc45d4618e1325b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ameesha Agrawal <ameeshaagrawal12@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 12:33:56 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/12] fix: moved gaps to top

---
 .../protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol    | 6 +++---
 .../protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol    | 5 ++---
 contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol                  | 5 +++--
 contracts/protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol            | 6 +++---
 contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol                          | 6 +++---
 .../protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol  | 6 +++---
 .../protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol  | 5 ++---
 7 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
index 634709e8..578b47aa 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ import "./QueueAsync.sol";
 /// @title BatchAsync
 /// @notice Abstract contract for managing asynchronous payload batches
 abstract contract BatchAsync is QueueAsync {
+    // slots [211-260] reserved for gap
+    uint256[50] _gap_batch_async;
+
     /// @notice Error thrown when attempting to executed payloads after all have been executed
     error AllPayloadsExecuted();
     /// @notice Error thrown request did not come from Forwarder address
@@ -310,7 +313,4 @@ abstract contract BatchAsync is QueueAsync {
         );
         _deliverPayload(payloadDetailsArray, fees_, auctionManager_, new bytes(0));
     }
-
-    // slots [211-260] reserved for gap
-    uint256[50] _gap_batch_async;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
index 9b9d36ab..34284598 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import "./DeliveryHelperStorage.sol";
 /// @notice Abstract contract for managing asynchronous payloads
 abstract contract QueueAsync is DeliveryHelperStorage, Initializable, Ownable, AddressResolverUtil {
     // slots [0-108] reserved for delivery helper storage and [109-160] reserved for addr resolver util
+    // slots [161-210] reserved for gap
+    uint256[50] _gap_queue_async;
 
     event PayloadBatchCancelled(bytes32 asyncId);
     event BidTimeoutUpdated(uint256 newBidTimeout);
@@ -164,7 +166,4 @@ abstract contract QueueAsync is DeliveryHelperStorage, Initializable, Ownable, A
     function getAsyncBatchDetails(bytes32 asyncId_) external view returns (PayloadBatch memory) {
         return _payloadBatches[asyncId_];
     }
-
-    // slots [161-210] reserved for gap
-    uint256[50] _gap_queue_async;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol b/contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol
index 6086e354..d96dabaa 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ abstract contract AccessControl is Ownable {
      */
     mapping(bytes32 => mapping(address => bool)) private _permits;
 
+    // slots 0-49: gap for future storage variables
+    uint256[50] _gap_access_control;
+
     /**
      * @dev Emitted when a role is granted to an address.
      */
@@ -105,6 +108,4 @@ abstract contract AccessControl is Ownable {
     function _hasRole(bytes32 role_, address address_) internal view returns (bool) {
         return _permits[role_][address_];
     }
-
-    uint256[50] _gap_access_control;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol b/contracts/protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol
index 7862aab6..38005e15 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/utils/AddressResolverUtil.sol
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ abstract contract AddressResolverUtil {
     // slot 0
     IAddressResolver public addressResolver__;
 
+    // slots 1-50 reserved for future use
+    uint256[50] __gap_resolver_util;
+
     /// @notice Error thrown when an invalid address attempts to call the Payload Delivery only function
     error OnlyPayloadDelivery();
     /// @notice Error thrown when an invalid address attempts to call the Watcher only function
@@ -66,7 +69,4 @@ abstract contract AddressResolverUtil {
         appGateway = addressResolver__.contractsToGateways(originAppGateway_);
         if (appGateway == address(0)) appGateway = originAppGateway_;
     }
-
-    // slots 1-50 reserved for future use
-    uint256[50] __gap_resolver_util;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol b/contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol
index 3fde631f..0a0d7b59 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/utils/Gauge.sol
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ import {LimitParams} from "../utils/common/Structs.sol";
 import {LimitReached} from "../utils/common/Errors.sol";
 
 abstract contract Gauge {
+    // slot 0-49: gap for future storage variables
+    uint256[50] _gap_gauge;
+
     function _getCurrentLimit(LimitParams storage params_) internal view returns (uint256 _limit) {
         uint256 timeElapsed = block.timestamp - params_.lastUpdateTimestamp;
         uint256 limitIncrease = timeElapsed * params_.ratePerSecond;
@@ -41,7 +44,4 @@ abstract contract Gauge {
             revert LimitReached();
         }
     }
-
-    // slot 0-49: gap for future storage variables
-    uint256[50] _gap_gauge;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
index d80f4a9f..8ea88b68 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ import {ECDSA} from "solady/utils/ECDSA.sol";
 /// @notice Configuration contract for the Watcher Precompile system
 /// @dev Handles the mapping between networks, plugs, and app gateways for payload execution
 abstract contract WatcherPrecompileConfig is WatcherPrecompileLimits {
+    // slot 324-374: gap for future storage variables
+    uint256[50] _gap_watcher_precompile_config;
+
     /// @notice Emitted when a new plug is configured for an app gateway
     /// @param appGateway The address of the app gateway
     /// @param chainSlug The identifier of the destination network
@@ -123,7 +126,4 @@ abstract contract WatcherPrecompileConfig is WatcherPrecompileLimits {
         address signer = ECDSA.recover(digest, signature_);
         if (signer != owner()) revert InvalidWatcherSignature();
     }
-
-    // slot 324-374: gap for future storage variables
-    uint256[50] _gap_watcher_precompile_config;
 }
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
index e21eaff6..9a01a7f2 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ abstract contract WatcherPrecompileLimits is
     // slots 120-170: access control
     // slots 171-221: gauge
     // slots 222-272: address resolver util
+    // slots 273-323: gap for future storage variables
+    uint256[50] _gap_watcher_precompile_limits;
 
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     ////////////////////// EVENTS //////////////////////////
@@ -172,7 +174,4 @@ abstract contract WatcherPrecompileLimits is
     function setDefaultRatePerSecond(uint256 defaultRatePerSecond_) external onlyOwner {
         defaultRatePerSecond = defaultRatePerSecond_;
     }
-
-    // slots 273-323: gap for future storage variables
-    uint256[50] _gap_watcher_precompile_limits;
 }

From 4c7cb800b793b5d8841b94fe3d77ab761fda1ed9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ameesha Agrawal <ameeshaagrawal12@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 12:35:12 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/12] fix: build

---
 test/mock/MockSocket.sol            |  6 +++---
 test/mock/MockWatcherPrecompile.sol | 12 ++++++------
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/test/mock/MockSocket.sol b/test/mock/MockSocket.sol
index d6a4c96e..98c87f09 100644
--- a/test/mock/MockSocket.sol
+++ b/test/mock/MockSocket.sol
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
 pragma solidity ^0.8.21;
 
-import {PlugDisconnected, InvalidAppGateway} from "../protocol/utils/common/Errors.sol";
-import "../interfaces/ISwitchboard.sol";
-import "../interfaces/ISocket.sol";
+import {PlugDisconnected, InvalidAppGateway} from "../../contracts/protocol/utils/common/Errors.sol";
+import "../../contracts/interfaces/ISwitchboard.sol";
+import "../../contracts/interfaces/ISocket.sol";
 
 /**
  * @title SocketDst
diff --git a/test/mock/MockWatcherPrecompile.sol b/test/mock/MockWatcherPrecompile.sol
index 93f9b3c5..d1886b89 100644
--- a/test/mock/MockWatcherPrecompile.sol
+++ b/test/mock/MockWatcherPrecompile.sol
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
 pragma solidity ^0.8.21;
 
-import "../interfaces/IAppGateway.sol";
-import "../interfaces/IWatcherPrecompile.sol";
-import "../interfaces/IPromise.sol";
+import "../../contracts/interfaces/IAppGateway.sol";
+import "../../contracts/interfaces/IWatcherPrecompile.sol";
+import "../../contracts/interfaces/IPromise.sol";
 
-import {PayloadDigestParams, AsyncRequest, FinalizeParams, TimeoutRequest, CallFromChainParams, PlugConfig, ResolvedPromises, AppGatewayConfig} from "../protocol/utils/common/Structs.sol";
-import {QUERY, FINALIZE, SCHEDULE} from "../protocol/utils/common/Constants.sol";
-import {TimeoutDelayTooLarge, TimeoutAlreadyResolved, InvalidInboxCaller, ResolvingTimeoutTooEarly, CallFailed, AppGatewayAlreadyCalled} from "../protocol/utils/common/Errors.sol";
+import {PayloadDigestParams, AsyncRequest, FinalizeParams, TimeoutRequest, CallFromChainParams, PlugConfig, ResolvedPromises, AppGatewayConfig} from "../../contracts/protocol/utils/common/Structs.sol";
+import {QUERY, FINALIZE, SCHEDULE} from "../../contracts/protocol/utils/common/Constants.sol";
+import {TimeoutDelayTooLarge, TimeoutAlreadyResolved, InvalidInboxCaller, ResolvingTimeoutTooEarly, CallFailed, AppGatewayAlreadyCalled} from "../../contracts/protocol/utils/common/Errors.sol";
 import "solady/utils/ERC1967Factory.sol";
 
 /// @title WatcherPrecompile

From 99c08ea8450dc9d0fcb08aad4bccc66495089495 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ameesha Agrawal <ameeshaagrawal12@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 12:56:53 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 11/12] fix: slot comments

---
 .../protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol   |  2 +-
 .../protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol      | 14 ++++++++------
 .../payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol    |  2 +-
 .../payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol    |  4 ++--
 contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol         |  3 ++-
 .../watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol  |  2 +-
 .../watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol  |  8 ++++----
 .../watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol |  4 ++--
 8 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol
index c0209183..dd12f475 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/AuctionManager.sol
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ abstract contract AuctionManagerStorage is IAuctionManager {
     // slots [55-104] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_after;
 
-    // slots 105-156 reserved for addr resolver util
+    // slots 105-155 reserved for addr resolver util
 }
 
 /// @title AuctionManager
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
index c43e8a39..58a9323f 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/FeesManager.sol
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ abstract contract FeesManagerStorage is IFeesManager {
 
     // slot 50
     uint256 public feesCounter;
+
+    // slot 51
     uint32 public evmxSlug;
 
     /// @notice Struct containing fee amounts and status
@@ -27,31 +29,31 @@ abstract contract FeesManagerStorage is IFeesManager {
         uint256 blocked; // Amount blocked
     }
 
-    // slot 51
+    // slot 52
     /// @notice Master mapping tracking all fee information
     /// @dev appGateway => chainSlug => token => TokenBalance
     mapping(address => mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => TokenBalance)))
         public appGatewayFeeBalances;
 
-    // slot 52
+    // slot 53
     /// @notice Mapping to track blocked fees for each async id
     /// @dev asyncId => Fees
     mapping(bytes32 => Fees) public asyncIdBlockedFees;
 
-    // slot 53
+    // slot 54
     /// @notice Mapping to track fees to be distributed to transmitters
     /// @dev transmitter => chainSlug => token => amount
     mapping(address => mapping(uint32 => mapping(address => uint256))) public transmitterFees;
 
-    // slot 54
+    // slot 55
     /// @notice Mapping to track nonce to whether it has been used
     /// @dev signatureNonce => isNonceUsed
     mapping(uint256 => bool) public isNonceUsed;
 
-    // slots [55-104] reserved for gap
+    // slots [56-105] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_after;
 
-    // slots 105-154 reserved for addr resolver util
+    // slots 106-156 reserved for addr resolver util
 }
 
 /// @title FeesManager
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
index 578b47aa..f4415f3c 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/BatchAsync.sol
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import "./QueueAsync.sol";
 /// @title BatchAsync
 /// @notice Abstract contract for managing asynchronous payload batches
 abstract contract BatchAsync is QueueAsync {
-    // slots [211-260] reserved for gap
+    // slots [210-259] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_batch_async;
 
     /// @notice Error thrown when attempting to executed payloads after all have been executed
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
index 34284598..c08b0f93 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/payload-delivery/app-gateway/QueueAsync.sol
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ import "./DeliveryHelperStorage.sol";
 
 /// @notice Abstract contract for managing asynchronous payloads
 abstract contract QueueAsync is DeliveryHelperStorage, Initializable, Ownable, AddressResolverUtil {
-    // slots [0-108] reserved for delivery helper storage and [109-160] reserved for addr resolver util
-    // slots [161-210] reserved for gap
+    // slots [0-108] reserved for delivery helper storage and [109-159] reserved for addr resolver util
+    // slots [160-209] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_queue_async;
 
     event PayloadBatchCancelled(bytes32 asyncId);
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol b/contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol
index d96dabaa..c25f0645 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/utils/AccessControl.sol
@@ -12,10 +12,11 @@ import "solady/auth/Ownable.sol";
 abstract contract AccessControl is Ownable {
     /**
      * @dev A mapping of roles to a mapping of addresses to boolean values indicating whether or not they have the role.
+     * @dev slot 0
      */
     mapping(bytes32 => mapping(address => bool)) private _permits;
 
-    // slots 0-49: gap for future storage variables
+    // slots 1-50: gap for future storage variables
     uint256[50] _gap_access_control;
 
     /**
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
index 8ea88b68..ca5e6fac 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileConfig.sol
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {ECDSA} from "solady/utils/ECDSA.sol";
 /// @notice Configuration contract for the Watcher Precompile system
 /// @dev Handles the mapping between networks, plugs, and app gateways for payload execution
 abstract contract WatcherPrecompileConfig is WatcherPrecompileLimits {
-    // slot 324-374: gap for future storage variables
+    // slot 322-371: gap for future storage variables
     uint256[50] _gap_watcher_precompile_config;
 
     /// @notice Emitted when a new plug is configured for an app gateway
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
index 9a01a7f2..6f2cbcd8 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ abstract contract WatcherPrecompileLimits is
     // Slots from parent contracts:
     // slot 0-119: watcher precompile storage
     // 0 slots for initializable and ownable
-    // slots 120-170: access control
-    // slots 171-221: gauge
-    // slots 222-272: address resolver util
-    // slots 273-323: gap for future storage variables
+    // slots 120-170: access control (gap + 1)
+    // slots 171-220: gauge (gap)
+    // slots 221-271: address resolver util (gap + 1)
+    // slots 272-321: gap for future storage variables
     uint256[50] _gap_watcher_precompile_limits;
 
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
index a8f11fd7..e5142824 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileStorage.sol
@@ -97,6 +97,6 @@ abstract contract WatcherPrecompileStorage is IWatcherPrecompile {
     /// @dev callId => bool
     mapping(bytes32 => bool) public appGatewayCalled;
 
-    // slots 69-119: gap for future storage variables
-    uint256[51] _gap_after;
+    // slots 69-118: gap for future storage variables
+    uint256[50] _gap_after;
 }

From f8eb3fb6dc6c258eb19a3320d4a0a99088d338b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ameesha Agrawal <ameeshaagrawal12@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2025 14:43:48 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 12/12] test: slot

---
 contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol           | 18 ++---
 .../WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol               | 10 +--
 test/Storage.t.sol                            | 75 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 88 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 test/Storage.t.sol

diff --git a/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol b/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol
index 869601c3..4f5b0664 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/AsyncPromise.sol
@@ -20,34 +20,32 @@ abstract contract AsyncPromiseStorage is IPromise {
     uint256[50] _gap_before;
 
     // slot 50
+    // bytes1
     /// @notice The callback selector to be called on the invoker.
     bytes4 public callbackSelector;
-
-    // slot 51
+    // bytes4
     /// @notice Indicates whether the promise has been resolved.
     bool public override resolved;
-
-    // slot 52
+    // bytes8
     /// @notice The current state of the async promise.
     AsyncPromiseState public state;
-
-    // slot 53
+    // bytes20
     /// @notice The local contract which initiated the async call.
     /// @dev The callback will be executed on this address
     address public localInvoker;
 
-    // slot 54
+    // slot 51
     /// @notice The forwarder address which can call the callback
     address public forwarder;
 
-    // slot 55
+    // slot 52
     /// @notice The callback data to be used when the promise is resolved.
     bytes public callbackData;
 
-    // slots [56-105] reserved for gap
+    // slots [53-102] reserved for gap
     uint256[50] _gap_after;
 
-    // slots 106-157 reserved for addr resolver util
+    // slots 103-154 reserved for addr resolver util
 }
 
 /// @title AsyncPromise
diff --git a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
index 6f2cbcd8..7f62d344 100644
--- a/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
+++ b/contracts/protocol/watcherPrecompile/WatcherPrecompileLimits.sol
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ abstract contract WatcherPrecompileLimits is
     AddressResolverUtil
 {
     // Slots from parent contracts:
-    // slot 0-119: watcher precompile storage
+    // slot 0-118: watcher precompile storage
     // 0 slots for initializable and ownable
-    // slots 120-170: access control (gap + 1)
-    // slots 171-220: gauge (gap)
-    // slots 221-271: address resolver util (gap + 1)
-    // slots 272-321: gap for future storage variables
+    // slots 119-169: access control (gap + 1)
+    // slots 170-219: gauge (gap)
+    // slots 220-270: address resolver util (gap + 1)
+    // slots 271-320: gap for future storage variables
     uint256[50] _gap_watcher_precompile_limits;
 
     ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/test/Storage.t.sol b/test/Storage.t.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d5e91d60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Storage.t.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
+
+import "./DeliveryHelper.t.sol";
+
+contract StorageTest is DeliveryHelperTest {
+    DeliveryHelper public deliveryHelperImpl;
+
+    function setUp() public {
+        setUpDeliveryHelper();
+    }
+
+    function testAddressResolverSlot() public {
+        // Test AddressResolver version at slot 59
+        bytes32 versionSlot = vm.load(address(addressResolver), bytes32(uint256(59)));
+        assertEq(uint64(uint256(versionSlot)), 1);
+    }
+
+    function testWatcherPrecompileSlot() public {
+        // Test AddressResolver address at slot 109 in WatcherPrecompile
+        bytes32 slotValue = vm.load(address(watcherPrecompile), bytes32(uint256(52)));
+        assertEq(uint256(slotValue), evmxSlug);
+
+        slotValue = vm.load(address(watcherPrecompile), bytes32(uint256(220)));
+        assertEq(address(uint160(uint256(slotValue))), address(addressResolver));
+    }
+
+    function testFeesManagerSlot() public {
+        bytes32 slotValue = vm.load(address(feesManager), bytes32(uint256(51)));
+        assertEq(uint32(uint256(slotValue)), evmxSlug);
+
+        slotValue = vm.load(address(feesManager), bytes32(uint256(106)));
+        assertEq(address(uint160(uint256(slotValue))), address(addressResolver));
+    }
+
+    function testAuctionManagerSlot() public {
+        bytes32 slotValue = vm.load(address(auctionManager), bytes32(uint256(50)));
+        assertEq(uint32(uint256(slotValue)), evmxSlug);
+
+        slotValue = vm.load(address(auctionManager), bytes32(uint256(105)));
+        assertEq(address(uint160(uint256(slotValue))), address(addressResolver));
+    }
+
+    function testForwarderSlot() public {
+        address forwarder = addressResolver.getOrDeployForwarderContract(
+            address(this),
+            address(this),
+            evmxSlug
+        );
+
+        bytes32 slotValue = vm.load(address(forwarder), bytes32(uint256(50)));
+        assertEq(uint32(uint256(slotValue)), evmxSlug);
+
+        slotValue = vm.load(address(forwarder), bytes32(uint256(53)));
+        assertEq(address(uint160(uint256(slotValue))), address(0));
+    }
+
+    function testAsyncPromiseSlot() public {
+        address asyncPromise = addressResolver.deployAsyncPromiseContract(address(this));
+
+        bytes32 slotValue = vm.load(address(asyncPromise), bytes32(uint256(51)));
+        assertEq(address(uint160(uint256(slotValue))), address(this));
+
+        slotValue = vm.load(address(asyncPromise), bytes32(uint256(103)));
+        assertEq(address(uint160(uint256(slotValue))), address(addressResolver));
+    }
+
+    function testDeliveryHelperSlot() public {
+        bytes32 slotValue = vm.load(address(deliveryHelper), bytes32(uint256(50)));
+        assertEq(uint256(uint256(slotValue)), 0);
+
+        slotValue = vm.load(address(deliveryHelper), bytes32(uint256(109)));
+        assertEq(address(uint160(uint256(slotValue))), address(addressResolver));
+    }
+}