diff --git a/datafusion/datasource/src/table_schema.rs b/datafusion/datasource/src/table_schema.rs
index ff0e78801887..a45cdbaaea07 100644
--- a/datafusion/datasource/src/table_schema.rs
+++ b/datafusion/datasource/src/table_schema.rs
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pub struct TableSchema {
     ///
     /// These columns are NOT present in the data files but are appended to each
     /// row during query execution based on the file's location.
-    table_partition_cols: Vec<FieldRef>,
+    table_partition_cols: Arc<Vec<FieldRef>>,
 
     /// The complete table schema: file_schema columns followed by partition columns.
     ///
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ impl TableSchema {
         builder.extend(table_partition_cols.iter().cloned());
         Self {
             file_schema,
-            table_partition_cols,
+            table_partition_cols: Arc::new(table_partition_cols),
             table_schema: Arc::new(builder.finish()),
         }
     }
@@ -140,7 +140,15 @@ impl TableSchema {
     /// into [`TableSchema::with_table_partition_cols`] if you have partition columns at construction time
     /// since it avoids re-computing the table schema.
     pub fn with_table_partition_cols(mut self, partition_cols: Vec<FieldRef>) -> Self {
-        self.table_partition_cols = partition_cols;
+        if self.table_partition_cols.is_empty() {
+            self.table_partition_cols = Arc::new(partition_cols);
+        } else {
+            // Append to existing partition columns
+            let table_partition_cols = Arc::get_mut(&mut self.table_partition_cols).expect(
+                "Expected to be the sole owner of table_partition_cols since this function accepts mut self",
+            );
+            table_partition_cols.extend(partition_cols);
+        }
         let mut builder = SchemaBuilder::from(self.file_schema.as_ref());
         builder.extend(self.table_partition_cols.iter().cloned());
         self.table_schema = Arc::new(builder.finish());
@@ -176,3 +184,96 @@ impl From<SchemaRef> for TableSchema {
         Self::from_file_schema(schema)
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::TableSchema;
+    use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Field, Schema};
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_table_schema_creation() {
+        let file_schema = Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![
+            Field::new("user_id", DataType::Int64, false),
+            Field::new("amount", DataType::Float64, false),
+        ]));
+
+        let partition_cols = vec![
+            Arc::new(Field::new("date", DataType::Utf8, false)),
+            Arc::new(Field::new("region", DataType::Utf8, false)),
+        ];
+
+        let table_schema = TableSchema::new(file_schema.clone(), partition_cols.clone());
+
+        // Verify file schema
+        assert_eq!(table_schema.file_schema().as_ref(), file_schema.as_ref());
+
+        // Verify partition columns
+        assert_eq!(table_schema.table_partition_cols().len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(table_schema.table_partition_cols()[0], partition_cols[0]);
+        assert_eq!(table_schema.table_partition_cols()[1], partition_cols[1]);
+
+        // Verify full table schema
+        let expected_fields = vec![
+            Field::new("user_id", DataType::Int64, false),
+            Field::new("amount", DataType::Float64, false),
+            Field::new("date", DataType::Utf8, false),
+            Field::new("region", DataType::Utf8, false),
+        ];
+        let expected_schema = Schema::new(expected_fields);
+        assert_eq!(table_schema.table_schema().as_ref(), &expected_schema);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_add_multiple_partition_columns() {
+        let file_schema =
+            Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, false)]));
+
+        let initial_partition_cols =
+            vec![Arc::new(Field::new("country", DataType::Utf8, false))];
+
+        let table_schema = TableSchema::new(file_schema.clone(), initial_partition_cols);
+
+        let additional_partition_cols = vec![
+            Arc::new(Field::new("city", DataType::Utf8, false)),
+            Arc::new(Field::new("year", DataType::Int32, false)),
+        ];
+
+        let updated_table_schema =
+            table_schema.with_table_partition_cols(additional_partition_cols);
+
+        // Verify file schema remains unchanged
+        assert_eq!(
+            updated_table_schema.file_schema().as_ref(),
+            file_schema.as_ref()
+        );
+
+        // Verify partition columns
+        assert_eq!(updated_table_schema.table_partition_cols().len(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(
+            updated_table_schema.table_partition_cols()[0].name(),
+            "country"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            updated_table_schema.table_partition_cols()[1].name(),
+            "city"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            updated_table_schema.table_partition_cols()[2].name(),
+            "year"
+        );
+
+        // Verify full table schema
+        let expected_fields = vec![
+            Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, false),
+            Field::new("country", DataType::Utf8, false),
+            Field::new("city", DataType::Utf8, false),
+            Field::new("year", DataType::Int32, false),
+        ];
+        let expected_schema = Schema::new(expected_fields);
+        assert_eq!(
+            updated_table_schema.table_schema().as_ref(),
+            &expected_schema
+        );
+    }
+}