REST: Add retry and timeout configuration for REST catalog #8832

Job	Run time
lint-and-unit-test (3.14)	57s
cibw-dev-env-smoke-test	25s
integration-test-adls	1m 17s
lint-and-unit-test (3.13)	1m 1s
lint-and-unit-test (3.11)	53s
integration-test-gcs	1m 12s
integration-test-s3	1m 16s
integration-test	11m 10s
lint-and-unit-test (3.10)	57s
lint-and-unit-test (3.12)	1m 0s
integration-coverage-report	38s
	20m 46s

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