REST: Add retry and timeout configuration for REST catalog #8835

Job	Run time
cibw-dev-env-smoke-test	31s
integration-test	11m 0s
lint-and-unit-test (3.10)	3m 13s
integration-test-adls	1m 19s
lint-and-unit-test (3.12)	3m 19s
lint-and-unit-test (3.13)	3m 5s
lint-and-unit-test (3.14)	2m 46s
integration-test-gcs	1m 21s
lint-and-unit-test (3.11)	3m 3s
integration-test-s3	1m 6s
integration-coverage-report	26s
	31m 9s

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