REST: Add retry and timeout configuration for REST catalog #9032

Job	Run time
integration-test	10m 35s
lint-and-unit-test (3.10)	3m 15s
integration-test-s3	1m 6s
cibw-dev-env-smoke-test	27s
lint-and-unit-test (3.14)	2m 35s
integration-test-gcs	1m 22s
lint-and-unit-test (3.12)	3m 19s
lint-and-unit-test (3.11)	2m 56s
integration-test-adls	1m 26s
lint-and-unit-test (3.13)	3m 10s
integration-coverage-report	30s
	30m 41s

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