diff --git a/cpython-unix/Makefile b/cpython-unix/Makefile
index 69dfe5534..25a6b2aa2 100644
--- a/cpython-unix/Makefile
+++ b/cpython-unix/Makefile
@@ -220,6 +220,9 @@ $(OUTDIR)/xcb-proto-$(XCB_PROTO_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar: $(PYTHON_DEP_DEP
 $(OUTDIR)/xorgproto-$(XORGPROTO_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar: $(PYTHON_DEP_DEPENDS) $(HERE)/build-xorgproto.sh
 	$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) xorgproto
 
+$(OUTDIR)/linux-uapi-$(LINUX_UAPI_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar: $(PYTHON_DEP_DEPENDS) $(HERE)/build-linux-uapi.sh
+	$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) linux-uapi
+
 $(OUTDIR)/xtrans-$(XTRANS_VERSION)-$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar: $(PYTHON_DEP_DEPENDS) $(HERE)/build-xtrans.sh
 	$(RUN_BUILD) --docker-image $(DOCKER_IMAGE_BUILD) xtrans
 
@@ -255,6 +258,7 @@ PYTHON_DEPENDS_$(1) := \
     $$(if $$(NEED_LIBEDIT),$$(OUTDIR)/libedit-$$(LIBEDIT_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
     $$(if $$(NEED_LIBFFI_3_3),$$(OUTDIR)/libffi-3.3-$$(LIBFFI_3.3_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
     $$(if $$(NEED_LIBFFI),$$(OUTDIR)/libffi-$$(LIBFFI_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
+    $$(if $$(NEED_LINUX_UAPI),$$(OUTDIR)/linux-uapi-$$(LINUX_UAPI_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
     $$(if $$(NEED_m4),$$(OUTDIR)/m4-$$(M4_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
     $$(if $$(NEED_MPDECIMAL),$$(OUTDIR)/mpdecimal-$$(MPDECIMAL_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
     $$(if $$(NEED_NCURSES),$$(OUTDIR)/ncurses-$$(NCURSES_VERSION)-$$(PACKAGE_SUFFIX).tar) \
diff --git a/cpython-unix/build-cpython.sh b/cpython-unix/build-cpython.sh
index 8224aca26..2dbf09081 100755
--- a/cpython-unix/build-cpython.sh
+++ b/cpython-unix/build-cpython.sh
@@ -338,11 +338,24 @@ if [ -n "${PYTHON_MEETS_MINIMUM_VERSION_3_15}" ]; then
     patch -p1 -i "${ROOT}/patch-testinternalcapi-interpreter-extern.patch"
 fi
 
+# CPython uses HAVE_GETRANDOM_SYSCALL to decide whether to include
+# <sys/syscall.h>, but other APIs independently depend on __NR_* definitions
+# from that header. Include it whenever configure finds the header.
+patch -p1 -i "${ROOT}/patch-posixmodule-sys-syscall-header.patch"
+
 # Most bits look at CFLAGS. But setup.py only looks at CPPFLAGS.
 # So we need to set both.
 CFLAGS="${EXTRA_TARGET_CFLAGS} -fPIC -I${TOOLS_PATH}/deps/include -I${TOOLS_PATH}/deps/include/ncursesw"
 LDFLAGS="${EXTRA_TARGET_LDFLAGS} -L${TOOLS_PATH}/deps/lib"
 
+if [[ -n "${LINUX_UAPI_INCLUDE_ARCH:-}" ]]; then
+    if [[ ! -d "${TOOLS_PATH}/deps/linux-uapi/usr/include/${LINUX_UAPI_INCLUDE_ARCH}" ]]; then
+        echo "missing linux-uapi package for ${LINUX_UAPI_INCLUDE_ARCH}"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    CFLAGS="-isystem ${TOOLS_PATH}/deps/linux-uapi/usr/include/${LINUX_UAPI_INCLUDE_ARCH} -isystem ${TOOLS_PATH}/deps/linux-uapi/usr/include ${CFLAGS}"
+fi
+
 # Some target configurations use `-fvisibility=hidden`. Python's configure handles
 # symbol visibility properly itself. So let it do its thing.
 CFLAGS=${CFLAGS//-fvisibility=hidden/}
@@ -1062,6 +1075,14 @@ replace_in_all("-I%s/deps/include/ncursesw" % tools_path, "")
 replace_in_all("-I%s/deps/include/uuid" % tools_path, "")
 replace_in_all("-I%s/deps/include" % tools_path, "")
 replace_in_all("-L%s/deps/lib" % tools_path, "")
+linux_uapi_include_arch = os.environ.get("LINUX_UAPI_INCLUDE_ARCH")
+if linux_uapi_include_arch:
+    replace_in_all(
+        "-isystem %s/deps/linux-uapi/usr/include/%s"
+        % (tools_path, linux_uapi_include_arch),
+        "",
+    )
+replace_in_all("-isystem %s/deps/linux-uapi/usr/include" % tools_path, "")
 # See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/145810#issuecomment-4068139183
 replace_in_all("-LModules/_hacl", "")
 
diff --git a/cpython-unix/build-linux-uapi.sh b/cpython-unix/build-linux-uapi.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1d04f0544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cpython-unix/build-linux-uapi.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+
+set -ex
+
+ROOT=$(pwd)
+
+export PATH=${TOOLS_PATH}/${TOOLCHAIN}/bin:${TOOLS_PATH}/host/bin:$PATH
+
+archives=("${ROOT}"/linux-libc-dev_*.deb)
+if [[ ${#archives[@]} -ne 1 || ! -f "${archives[0]}" ]]; then
+    echo "expected exactly one linux-libc-dev package"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "${ROOT}/linux-uapi-package" "${ROOT}/out/tools/deps/linux-uapi"
+pushd "${ROOT}/linux-uapi-package"
+ar x "${archives[0]}" data.tar.xz
+tar -xf data.tar.xz -C "${ROOT}/out/tools/deps/linux-uapi"
+popd
diff --git a/cpython-unix/build.py b/cpython-unix/build.py
index eb0e6ae86..872566368 100755
--- a/cpython-unix/build.py
+++ b/cpython-unix/build.py
@@ -812,6 +812,10 @@ def build_cpython(
             "TOOLCHAIN": "clang-%s" % host_platform,
         }
 
+        # Use modern kernel UAPI headers without changing the target's libc.
+        if linux_uapi_include_arch := settings.get("linux_uapi_include_arch"):
+            env["LINUX_UAPI_INCLUDE_ARCH"] = linux_uapi_include_arch
+
         # Set environment variables allowing convenient testing for Python
         # version ranges.
         for v in ("3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15"):
@@ -1139,6 +1143,7 @@ def main():
             "libffi-3.3",
             "libffi",
             "libpthread-stubs",
+            "linux-uapi",
             "m4",
             "mpdecimal",
             "ncurses",
diff --git a/cpython-unix/patch-posixmodule-sys-syscall-header.patch b/cpython-unix/patch-posixmodule-sys-syscall-header.patch
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76527060f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cpython-unix/patch-posixmodule-sys-syscall-header.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+diff --git a/Modules/posixmodule.c b/Modules/posixmodule.c
+--- a/Modules/posixmodule.c
++++ b/Modules/posixmodule.c
+@@ -296 +296 @@
+-#ifdef HAVE_GETRANDOM_SYSCALL
++#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SYSCALL_H
diff --git a/cpython-unix/targets.yml b/cpython-unix/targets.yml
index d0db3e39e..b913168be 100644
--- a/cpython-unix/targets.yml
+++ b/cpython-unix/targets.yml
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@
 # needs
 #    Packages required to build Python.
 #
+# linux_uapi_include_arch
+#    Architecture-specific include directory in the linux-uapi package. When
+#    defined, the package's modern Linux UAPI headers are used to build Python.
+#    The linux-uapi package must also be listed in the target's needs.
+#
 # host_cc
 #    Path to C compiler to use when producing binaries targeting the
 #    current build environment.
@@ -112,6 +117,7 @@ aarch64-apple-darwin:
   openssl_target: darwin64-arm64-cc
 
 aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu:
+  linux_uapi_include_arch: aarch64-linux-gnu
   host_platforms:
     - linux_x86_64
     - linux_aarch64
@@ -150,6 +156,7 @@ aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu:
     - libX11
     - libXau
     - libxcb
+    - linux-uapi
     - m4
     - mpdecimal
     - ncurses
@@ -171,6 +178,7 @@ aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu:
   # bolt_capable: true
 
 armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi:
+  linux_uapi_include_arch: arm-linux-gnueabi
   host_platforms:
     - linux_x86_64
   pythons_supported:
@@ -199,6 +207,7 @@ armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi:
     - libX11
     - libXau
     - libxcb
+    - linux-uapi
     - m4
     - mpdecimal
     - ncurses
@@ -215,6 +224,7 @@ armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabi:
   openssl_target: linux-armv4
 
 armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf:
+  linux_uapi_include_arch: arm-linux-gnueabihf
   host_platforms:
     - linux_x86_64
   pythons_supported:
@@ -243,6 +253,7 @@ armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf:
     - libX11
     - libXau
     - libxcb
+    - linux-uapi
     - m4
     - mpdecimal
     - ncurses
@@ -259,6 +270,7 @@ armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf:
   openssl_target: linux-armv4
 
 loongarch64-unknown-linux-gnu:
+  linux_uapi_include_arch: loongarch64-linux-gnu
   host_platforms:
     - linux_x86_64
   pythons_supported:
@@ -288,6 +300,7 @@ loongarch64-unknown-linux-gnu:
     - libX11
     - libXau
     - libxcb
+    - linux-uapi
     - m4
     - mpdecimal
     - ncurses
@@ -304,6 +317,7 @@ loongarch64-unknown-linux-gnu:
   openssl_target: linux64-loongarch64
 
 mips-unknown-linux-gnu:
+  linux_uapi_include_arch: mips-linux-gnu
   host_platforms:
     - linux_x86_64
   pythons_supported:
@@ -332,6 +346,7 @@ mips-unknown-linux-gnu:
     - libX11
     - libXau
     - libxcb
+    - linux-uapi
     - m4
     - mpdecimal
     - ncurses
@@ -348,6 +363,7 @@ mips-unknown-linux-gnu:
   openssl_target: linux-mips32
 
 mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu:
+  linux_uapi_include_arch: mipsel-linux-gnu
   host_platforms:
     - linux_x86_64
   pythons_supported:
@@ -376,6 +392,7 @@ mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu:
     - libX11
     - libXau
     - libxcb
+    - linux-uapi
     - m4
     - mpdecimal
     - ncurses
@@ -392,6 +409,7 @@ mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu:
   openssl_target: linux-mips32
 
 ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu:
+  linux_uapi_include_arch: powerpc64le-linux-gnu
   host_platforms:
     - linux_x86_64
   pythons_supported:
@@ -420,6 +438,7 @@ ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu:
     - libX11
     - libXau
     - libxcb
+    - linux-uapi
     - m4
     - mpdecimal
     - ncurses
@@ -436,6 +455,7 @@ ppc64le-unknown-linux-gnu:
   openssl_target: linux-ppc64le
 
 riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu:
+  linux_uapi_include_arch: riscv64-linux-gnu
   host_platforms:
     - linux_x86_64
   pythons_supported:
@@ -464,6 +484,7 @@ riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu:
     - libX11
     - libXau
     - libxcb
+    - linux-uapi
     - m4
     - mpdecimal
     - ncurses
@@ -480,6 +501,7 @@ riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu:
   openssl_target: linux64-riscv64
 
 s390x-unknown-linux-gnu:
+  linux_uapi_include_arch: s390x-linux-gnu
   host_platforms:
     - linux_x86_64
   pythons_supported:
@@ -511,6 +533,7 @@ s390x-unknown-linux-gnu:
     - libX11
     - libXau
     - libxcb
+    - linux-uapi
     - m4
     - mpdecimal
     - ncurses
@@ -583,6 +606,7 @@ x86_64-apple-darwin:
   openssl_target: darwin64-x86_64-cc
 
 x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu:
+  linux_uapi_include_arch: x86_64-linux-gnu
   host_platforms:
     - linux_x86_64
   pythons_supported:
@@ -618,6 +642,7 @@ x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu:
     - libX11
     - libXau
     - libxcb
+    - linux-uapi
     - m4
     - mpdecimal
     - ncurses
@@ -635,6 +660,7 @@ x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu:
   bolt_capable: true
 
 x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu:
+  linux_uapi_include_arch: x86_64-linux-gnu
   host_platforms:
     - linux_x86_64
   pythons_supported:
@@ -671,6 +697,7 @@ x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu:
     - libX11
     - libXau
     - libxcb
+    - linux-uapi
     - m4
     - mpdecimal
     - ncurses
@@ -688,6 +715,7 @@ x86_64_v2-unknown-linux-gnu:
   bolt_capable: true
 
 x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu:
+  linux_uapi_include_arch: x86_64-linux-gnu
   host_platforms:
     - linux_x86_64
   pythons_supported:
@@ -724,6 +752,7 @@ x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu:
     - libX11
     - libXau
     - libxcb
+    - linux-uapi
     - m4
     - mpdecimal
     - ncurses
@@ -741,6 +770,7 @@ x86_64_v3-unknown-linux-gnu:
   bolt_capable: true
 
 x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu:
+  linux_uapi_include_arch: x86_64-linux-gnu
   host_platforms:
     - linux_x86_64
   pythons_supported:
@@ -777,6 +807,7 @@ x86_64_v4-unknown-linux-gnu:
     - libX11
     - libXau
     - libxcb
+    - linux-uapi
     - m4
     - mpdecimal
     - ncurses
diff --git a/pythonbuild/disttests/__init__.py b/pythonbuild/disttests/__init__.py
index 7762fda27..14f670629 100644
--- a/pythonbuild/disttests/__init__.py
+++ b/pythonbuild/disttests/__init__.py
@@ -352,6 +352,21 @@ def test_socket_af_vsock(self):
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(socket, "AF_VSOCK"))
         self.assertEqual(socket.AF_VSOCK, 40)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(
+        "-linux-gnu" in os.environ["TARGET_TRIPLE"],
+        "modern kernel UAPI headers are currently enabled for Linux GNU targets",
+    )
+    def test_os_pidfd_open(self):
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(os, "pidfd_open"))
+
+    def test_linux_uapi_not_in_sysconfig(self):
+        import sysconfig
+
+        for key, value in sysconfig.get_config_vars().items():
+            if isinstance(value, str):
+                with self.subTest(key=key):
+                    self.assertNotIn("linux-uapi", value)
+
     @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "linux", "Linux-specific prctl")
     @unittest.skipIf(
         "static" in os.environ["BUILD_OPTIONS"],
diff --git a/pythonbuild/downloads.py b/pythonbuild/downloads.py
index d592f7aa0..21d922ac5 100644
--- a/pythonbuild/downloads.py
+++ b/pythonbuild/downloads.py
@@ -176,6 +176,14 @@
         "licenses": ["MIT"],
         "license_file": "LICENSE.libxcb.txt",
     },
+    # Pre-sanitized Linux UAPI headers from Debian 13 backports. This does not
+    # change the glibc headers or libraries used by selected targets.
+    "linux-uapi": {
+        "url": "https://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20260624T024300Z/pool/main/l/linux/linux-libc-dev_7.0.12-2~bpo13+1_all.deb",
+        "size": 2637888,
+        "sha256": "162ba55a6e6eca68b32a80e6774f8dda4e145bd68049fb2e85760ec1546bee3c",
+        "version": "7.0.12-2~bpo13+1",
+    },
     # Remember to update LLVM_URL in src/release.rs whenever upgrading.
     "llvm-aarch64-linux": {
         "url": "https://github.com/indygreg/toolchain-tools/releases/download/toolchain-bootstrap%2F20260410/llvm-22.1.3+20260410-gnu_only-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.zst",