From ecf64ec06487bc7463df5a62c5f3160f88ca9dea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mark <mark@dropbear.dev>
Date: Thu, 27 Nov 2025 13:46:29 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/8] Update XsdShortCodec to use typed_data

---
 lib/src/codecs/short/short_decoder.dart | 27 +++++++++++++++----------
 lib/src/codecs/short/short_encoder.dart | 13 +++++++-----
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/short/short_decoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/short/short_decoder.dart
index c421d85..1ff937b 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/short/short_decoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/short/short_decoder.dart
@@ -1,30 +1,35 @@
 import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
 
 import '../../helpers/whitespace.dart';
 
 class XsdShortDecoder extends Converter<String, int> {
   const XsdShortDecoder();
 
-  static const int _minValue = -32768;
-  static const int _maxValue = 32767;
-
   @override
   int convert(String input) {
-    final String collapsedInput = processWhiteSpace(input, Whitespace.collapse);
+    final str = processWhiteSpace(input, Whitespace.collapse);
+
+    if (str.isEmpty) {
+      throw const FormatException('The input string cannot be empty.');
+    }
+
+    final value = int.tryParse(str);
 
-    final int? value = int.tryParse(collapsedInput);
     if (value == null) {
-      throw FormatException(
-        "Invalid XSD short lexical format: '$input' (collapsed to '$collapsedInput')",
-      );
+      throw FormatException('The input "$str" is not a valid integer.');
     }
 
-    // Check bounds for xsd:short
-    if (value < _minValue || value > _maxValue) {
+    // Use Int16List to validate that the value fits within 16 bits (wraps on overflow).
+    final list = Int16List(1);
+    list[0] = value;
+
+    if (list[0] != value) {
       throw FormatException(
-        "Value '$collapsedInput' is out of range for xsd:short. Must be between $_minValue and $_maxValue.",
+        'The value "$value" is out of range for xsd:short.',
       );
     }
+
     return value;
   }
 }
diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/short/short_encoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/short/short_encoder.dart
index 2a40fb8..284ee7a 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/short/short_encoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/short/short_encoder.dart
@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
 
+/// A [Converter] that converts an [int] to an XSD `short` string.
 class XsdShortEncoder extends Converter<int, String> {
   const XsdShortEncoder();
 
-  static const int _minValue = -32768;
-  static const int _maxValue = 32767;
-
   @override
   String convert(int input) {
-    if (input < _minValue || input > _maxValue) {
+    // Use Int16List to validate that the value fits within 16 bits (wraps on overflow).
+    final list = Int16List(1);
+    list[0] = input;
+    if (list[0] != input) {
       throw FormatException(
-        "Value '$input' is out of range for xsd:short. Must be between $_minValue and $_maxValue.",
+        'The value "$input" is out of range for xsd:short.',
       );
     }
+
     return input.toString();
   }
 }

From d72c06906bc755f8257f2d9956ceb16ee6b617a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mark <mark@dropbear.dev>
Date: Thu, 27 Nov 2025 13:47:06 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 2/8] Update XsdByteCodec to use typed_data

---
 lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart | 23 ++++++++---------------
 lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_encoder.dart | 14 +++++++-------
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart
index 1868938..6028a0d 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart
@@ -1,39 +1,32 @@
 import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
 
 import '../../helpers/whitespace.dart';
 
 class XsdByteDecoder extends Converter<String, int> {
   const XsdByteDecoder();
 
-  static const int _minValue = -128;
-  static const int _maxValue = 127;
-
   @override
   int convert(String input) {
     final String collapsedInput = processWhiteSpace(input, Whitespace.collapse);
 
     final int? value = int.tryParse(collapsedInput);
     if (value == null) {
-      // If int.tryParse fails, it could be a lexical error or a number too large
-      // for a platform int. We use BigInt.tryParse to differentiate.
-      if (BigInt.tryParse(collapsedInput) != null) {
-        // The string is a valid integer, but it's too large to be parsed as a
-        // platform int, so it's definitely out of range for xsd:byte.
-        throw FormatException(
-          "Value '$collapsedInput' is out of range for xsd:byte. Must be between $_minValue and $_maxValue.",
-        );
-      }
       throw FormatException(
         "Invalid xsd:byte lexical format: '$input' (collapsed to '$collapsedInput')",
       );
     }
 
-    if (value < _minValue || value > _maxValue) {
+    // Use Int8List to validate that the value fits within 8 bits (wraps on overflow).
+    final list = Int8List(1);
+    list[0] = value;
+
+    if (list[0] != value) {
       throw FormatException(
-        "Value '$collapsedInput' is out of range for xsd:byte. Must be between $_minValue and $_maxValue.",
+        "Value '$collapsedInput' is out of range for xsd:byte.",
       );
     }
 
     return value;
   }
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_encoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_encoder.dart
index 8aef792..cbba3ad 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_encoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_encoder.dart
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
 
+/// A [Converter] that converts an [int] to an XSD `byte` compatable string.
 class XsdByteEncoder extends Converter<int, String> {
   const XsdByteEncoder();
 
-  static const int _minValue = -128;
-  static const int _maxValue = 127;
-
   @override
   String convert(int input) {
-    if (input < _minValue || input > _maxValue) {
-      throw FormatException(
-        "Value '$input' is out of range for xsd:byte. Must be between $_minValue and $_maxValue.",
-      );
+    // Use Int8List to validate that the value fits within 8 bits (wraps on overflow).
+    final list = Int8List(1);
+    list[0] = input;
+    if (list[0] != input) {
+      throw FormatException("Value '$input' is out of range for xsd:byte.");
     }
     return input.toString();
   }

From d7a9e3f8fb9e8d7e372a8968c6c555f8f42d1ab8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mark <mark@dropbear.dev>
Date: Thu, 27 Nov 2025 13:50:22 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 3/8] Update XsdIntCodec to use typed_data

---
 lib/src/codecs/int/int_decoder.dart | 21 +++++++--------------
 lib/src/codecs/int/int_encoder.dart | 13 ++++++-------
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/int/int_decoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/int/int_decoder.dart
index 3a33bbc..ab083f5 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/int/int_decoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/int/int_decoder.dart
@@ -1,36 +1,29 @@
 import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
 
 import '../../helpers/whitespace.dart';
 
 class XsdIntDecoder extends Converter<String, int> {
   const XsdIntDecoder();
 
-  static const int _minValue = -2147483648;
-  static const int _maxValue = 2147483647;
-
   @override
   int convert(String input) {
     final String collapsedInput = processWhiteSpace(input, Whitespace.collapse);
 
     final int? value = int.tryParse(collapsedInput);
     if (value == null) {
-      // If int.tryParse fails, it could be a lexical error or a number too large
-      // for a platform int. We use BigInt.tryParse to differentiate.
-      if (BigInt.tryParse(collapsedInput) != null) {
-        // The string is a valid integer, but it's too large to be parsed as a
-        // platform int, so it's definitely out of range for xsd:int.
-        throw FormatException(
-          "Value '$collapsedInput' is out of range for xsd:int. Must be between $_minValue and $_maxValue.",
-        );
-      }
       throw FormatException(
         "Invalid XSD int lexical format: '$input' (collapsed to '$collapsedInput')",
       );
     }
 
-    if (value < _minValue || value > _maxValue) {
+    // Use Int32List to validate that the value fits within 32 bits (wraps on overflow).
+    final list = Int32List(1);
+    list[0] = value;
+
+    if (list[0] != value) {
       throw FormatException(
-        "Value '$collapsedInput' is out of range for xsd:int. Must be between $_minValue and $_maxValue.",
+        "Value '$collapsedInput' is out of range for xsd:int.",
       );
     }
     return value;
diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/int/int_encoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/int/int_encoder.dart
index c564e80..b5a3e7b 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/int/int_encoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/int/int_encoder.dart
@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
 
 class XsdIntEncoder extends Converter<int, String> {
   const XsdIntEncoder();
 
-  static const int _minValue = -2147483648;
-  static const int _maxValue = 2147483647;
-
   @override
   String convert(int input) {
-    if (input < _minValue || input > _maxValue) {
-      throw FormatException(
-        "Value '$input' is out of range for xsd:int. Must be between $_minValue and $_maxValue.",
-      );
+    // Use Int32List to validate that the value fits within 32 bits (wraps on overflow).
+    final list = Int32List(1);
+    list[0] = input;
+    if (list[0] != input) {
+      throw FormatException("Value '$input' is out of range for xsd:int.");
     }
     return input.toString();
   }

From 76600f0955ec5d680171bb249908979f47c63205 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mark <mark@dropbear.dev>
Date: Thu, 27 Nov 2025 13:53:06 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 4/8] Update XsdUnsignedByteCodec to use typed_data

---
 .../codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_decoder.dart  | 12 +++++++-----
 .../codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_encoder.dart  | 12 +++++++-----
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_decoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_decoder.dart
index 9c60948..b0fda6a 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_decoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_decoder.dart
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
 
 import '../../helpers/whitespace.dart';
 
 class XsdUnsignedByteDecoder extends Converter<String, int> {
   const XsdUnsignedByteDecoder();
 
-  static const int _minValue = 0;
-  static const int _maxValue = 255;
-
   @override
   int convert(String input) {
     final String collapsedInput = processWhiteSpace(input, Whitespace.collapse);
@@ -19,9 +17,13 @@ class XsdUnsignedByteDecoder extends Converter<String, int> {
       );
     }
 
-    if (value < _minValue || value > _maxValue) {
+    // Use Uint8List to validate that the value fits within 8 bits (wraps on overflow).
+    final list = Uint8List(1);
+    list[0] = value;
+
+    if (list[0] != value) {
       throw FormatException(
-        "Value '$collapsedInput' is out of range for xsd:unsignedByte. Must be between $_minValue and $_maxValue.",
+        "Value '$collapsedInput' is out of range for xsd:unsignedByte.",
       );
     }
     return value;
diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_encoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_encoder.dart
index bcde152..d7bb2c1 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_encoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_encoder.dart
@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
 import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
 
+/// A [Converter] that converts an [int] to an XSD `unsignedByte` string.
 class XsdUnsignedByteEncoder extends Converter<int, String> {
   const XsdUnsignedByteEncoder();
 
-  static const int _minValue = 0;
-  static const int _maxValue = 255;
-
   @override
   String convert(int input) {
-    if (input < _minValue || input > _maxValue) {
+    // Use Uint8List to validate that the value fits within 8 bits (wraps on overflow).
+    final list = Uint8List(1);
+    list[0] = input;
+    if (list[0] != input) {
       throw FormatException(
-        "Value '$input' is out of range for xsd:unsignedByte. Must be between $_minValue and $_maxValue.",
+        "Value '$input' is out of range for xsd:unsignedByte.",
       );
     }
     return input.toString();

From 411d305a85e92febede6e79aeae9a2aaf8ccba9d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mark <mark@dropbear.dev>
Date: Thu, 27 Nov 2025 13:56:01 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 5/8] Rename Unsigned Short Codec

---
 lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_codec.dart   | 8 ++++----
 lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_decoder.dart | 4 ++--
 lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart | 4 ++--
 test/codecs/unsigned_short_codec_test.dart                | 6 +++---
 4 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_codec.dart b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_codec.dart
index fa88403..2a555cb 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_codec.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_codec.dart
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ import 'dart:convert';
 import 'unsigned_short_decoder.dart';
 import 'unsigned_short_encoder.dart';
 
-class XmlUnsignedShortCodec extends Codec<int, String> {
-  const XmlUnsignedShortCodec();
+class XsdUnsignedShortCodec extends Codec<int, String> {
+  const XsdUnsignedShortCodec();
 
   @override
-  Converter<String, int> get decoder => const XmlUnsignedShortDecoder();
+  Converter<String, int> get decoder => const XsdUnsignedShortDecoder();
 
   @override
-  Converter<int, String> get encoder => const XmlUnsignedShortEncoder();
+  Converter<int, String> get encoder => const XsdUnsignedShortEncoder();
 }
diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_decoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_decoder.dart
index c8e8824..1eb1a64 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_decoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_decoder.dart
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import 'dart:convert';
 
 import '../../helpers/whitespace.dart';
 
-class XmlUnsignedShortDecoder extends Converter<String, int> {
-  const XmlUnsignedShortDecoder();
+class XsdUnsignedShortDecoder extends Converter<String, int> {
+  const XsdUnsignedShortDecoder();
 
   static const int _minValue = 0;
   static const int _maxValue = 65535;
diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart
index 985bd06..72390ca 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import 'dart:convert';
 
-class XmlUnsignedShortEncoder extends Converter<int, String> {
-  const XmlUnsignedShortEncoder();
+class XsdUnsignedShortEncoder extends Converter<int, String> {
+  const XsdUnsignedShortEncoder();
 
   static const int _minValue = 0;
   static const int _maxValue = 65535;
diff --git a/test/codecs/unsigned_short_codec_test.dart b/test/codecs/unsigned_short_codec_test.dart
index 2a86c41..c8bd48f 100644
--- a/test/codecs/unsigned_short_codec_test.dart
+++ b/test/codecs/unsigned_short_codec_test.dart
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import 'package:test/test.dart';
 import 'package:xsd/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_codec.dart';
 
 void main() {
-  test('XML Unsigned Short Codec -> Decode', () {
-    const codec = XmlUnsignedShortCodec();
+  test('XSD Unsigned Short Codec -> Decode', () {
+    const codec = XsdUnsignedShortCodec();
     final decoder = codec.decoder;
 
     expect(decoder.convert('12345'), equals(12345));
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ void main() {
   });
 
   test('XML Unsigned Short Codec -> Encode', () {
-    const codec = XmlUnsignedShortCodec();
+    const codec = XsdUnsignedShortCodec();
     final encoder = codec.encoder;
 
     expect(encoder.convert(12345), equals('12345'));

From d3d2c89a09396c13bcff333da6e4eb5ca27388ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mark <mark@dropbear.dev>
Date: Thu, 27 Nov 2025 13:58:24 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 6/8] Update XsdUnsignedShort to use typed_data

---
 .../unsigned_short/unsigned_short_decoder.dart      | 12 +++++++-----
 .../unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart      | 13 +++++++------
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_decoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_decoder.dart
index 1eb1a64..5af528d 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_decoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_decoder.dart
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
 
 import '../../helpers/whitespace.dart';
 
 class XsdUnsignedShortDecoder extends Converter<String, int> {
   const XsdUnsignedShortDecoder();
 
-  static const int _minValue = 0;
-  static const int _maxValue = 65535;
-
   @override
   int convert(String input) {
     final str = processWhiteSpace(input, Whitespace.collapse);
@@ -22,9 +20,13 @@ class XsdUnsignedShortDecoder extends Converter<String, int> {
       throw FormatException('The input "$str" is not a valid integer.');
     }
 
-    if (value < _minValue || value > _maxValue) {
+    // Use Uint16List to validate that the value fits within 16 bits (wraps on overflow).
+    final list = Uint16List(1);
+    list[0] = value;
+
+    if (list[0] != value) {
       throw FormatException(
-        'The value "$value" must be between $_minValue and $_maxValue.',
+        'The value "$value" is out of range for xsd:unsignedShort.',
       );
     }
 
diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart
index 72390ca..e91896d 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
 
 class XsdUnsignedShortEncoder extends Converter<int, String> {
   const XsdUnsignedShortEncoder();
 
-  static const int _minValue = 0;
-  static const int _maxValue = 65535;
-
-  @override
+   @override
   String convert(int input) {
-    if (input < _minValue || input > _maxValue) {
+    // Use Uint16List to validate that the value fits within 16 bits (wraps on overflow).
+    final list = Uint16List(1);
+    list[0] = input;
+    if (list[0] != input) {
       throw FormatException(
-        'The value "$input" must be between $_minValue and $_maxValue.',
+        'The value "$input" is out of range for xsd:unsignedShort.',
       );
     }
 

From cac367fa55e06285bc270d7206a92a8bd3e7b113 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mark <mark@dropbear.dev>
Date: Thu, 27 Nov 2025 14:00:14 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 7/8] Run dart format

---
 lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart                     | 2 +-
 lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart
index 6028a0d..7cbcbee 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart
@@ -29,4 +29,4 @@ class XsdByteDecoder extends Converter<String, int> {
 
     return value;
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart
index e91896d..65713b4 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_short/unsigned_short_encoder.dart
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import 'dart:typed_data';
 class XsdUnsignedShortEncoder extends Converter<int, String> {
   const XsdUnsignedShortEncoder();
 
-   @override
+  @override
   String convert(int input) {
     // Use Uint16List to validate that the value fits within 16 bits (wraps on overflow).
     final list = Uint16List(1);

From f6dabba28ab161e4895c0885ce3cc321f3e62314 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mark <mark@dropbear.dev>
Date: Thu, 27 Nov 2025 14:16:55 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 8/8] Add some more explicit checks for blank inputs

---
 lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart                   | 4 ++++
 lib/src/codecs/int/int_decoder.dart                     | 4 ++++
 lib/src/codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_decoder.dart | 4 ++++
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart
index 7cbcbee..81233a0 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/byte/byte_decoder.dart
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ class XsdByteDecoder extends Converter<String, int> {
   int convert(String input) {
     final String collapsedInput = processWhiteSpace(input, Whitespace.collapse);
 
+    if (collapsedInput.isEmpty) {
+      throw const FormatException('The input string cannot be empty.');
+    }
+
     final int? value = int.tryParse(collapsedInput);
     if (value == null) {
       throw FormatException(
diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/int/int_decoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/int/int_decoder.dart
index ab083f5..84415db 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/int/int_decoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/int/int_decoder.dart
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ class XsdIntDecoder extends Converter<String, int> {
   int convert(String input) {
     final String collapsedInput = processWhiteSpace(input, Whitespace.collapse);
 
+    if (collapsedInput.isEmpty) {
+      throw const FormatException('The input string cannot be empty.');
+    }
+
     final int? value = int.tryParse(collapsedInput);
     if (value == null) {
       throw FormatException(
diff --git a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_decoder.dart b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_decoder.dart
index b0fda6a..62d5006 100644
--- a/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_decoder.dart
+++ b/lib/src/codecs/unsigned_byte/unsigned_byte_decoder.dart
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ class XsdUnsignedByteDecoder extends Converter<String, int> {
   int convert(String input) {
     final String collapsedInput = processWhiteSpace(input, Whitespace.collapse);
 
+    if (collapsedInput.isEmpty) {
+      throw const FormatException('The input string cannot be empty.');
+    }
+
     final int? value = int.tryParse(collapsedInput);
     if (value == null) {
       throw FormatException(