feat: support `BeginScope` of `Microsoft.Extensions.Logging` for Structured Logs

[Flash0ver]

Description

Summary

Attach state
and FormattedLogValues (IReadOnlyList<KeyValuePair<string, object?>> or IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, object?>>)
provided via the IDisposable-returning BeginScope (instance and extension) methods
as Attributes to Logs.

Remarks

APIs to support

• IDisposable? Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.ILogger.BeginScope(TState state) where TState : notnull
• IDisposable? Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.LoggerExtensions.BeginScope(this ILogger logger, string messageFormat, params object?[] args)

Consider using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.IExternalScopeProvider as implementation detail.

Consider supporting a boolean IncludeScopes option, that e.g. the Console-Logger exposes.

See docs at Logging in C# and .NET > Log scopes.

[linear-code]

NET-681

[jamescrosswell]

How does this relate to the current functionality?

sentry-dotnet/src/Sentry.Extensions.Logging/SentryLogger.cs

Lines 26 to 31 in 9ad2caa

	#if NET8_0_OR_GREATER
	public IDisposable BeginScope<TState>(TState state) where TState : notnull
	=> _hub.PushScope(state);
	#else
	public IDisposable BeginScope<TState>(TState state) => _hub.PushScope(state);
	#endif

How would the behaviour differ after this change?