Convert `update-supported-enterprise-server-versions` script to TypeScript #7983

Job	Run time
Ruby analysis (macos-latest, default)	57s
Ruby analysis (ubuntu-latest, nightly-latest)	51s
Ruby analysis (macos-latest, nightly-latest)	21s
Ruby analysis (ubuntu-latest, default)	19s
Ruby analysis (macos-latest, linked)	22s
Ruby analysis (ubuntu-latest, linked)	45s
	3m 35s

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