Convert `update-supported-enterprise-server-versions` script to TypeScript #3676

Job	Run time
Upload debug artifacts after failure in analyze (stable-v2.20.3)	1m 51s
Upload debug artifacts after failure in analyze (default)	2m 15s
Upload debug artifacts after failure in analyze (nightly-latest)	2m 5s
Upload debug artifacts after failure in analyze (linked)	2m 21s
Download and check debug artifacts after failure in analyze	7s
	8m 39s

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