From a9fe2d1ea1c3b5d03ae85729cf5eb895f7fc33a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hit9 <hit9@icloud.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 06:03:50 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 1/9] fix: render the README as the long description on PyPI

The bitproto package had no `readme`, so the PyPI project page showed no
description. setuptools rejects a path outside the project dir
(`../README.md`), so symlink compiler/README.md -> ../README.md and set
`readme = "README.md"`; the README body is embedded into the package
METADATA (text/markdown) at build time.

Also make the data-encoding image an absolute raw.githubusercontent URL
so it renders on PyPI (relative paths break there) while still working on
GitHub.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 README.md               | 2 +-
 compiler/README.md      | 1 +
 compiler/pyproject.toml | 1 +
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 120000 compiler/README.md

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ee31187..105f895 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ of 4 bytes after encoding.
 
 This image shows the layout of data fields in the encoded bytes buffer:
 
-![](docs/_static/images/data-encoding-sample.png)
+![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hit9/bitproto/master/docs/_static/images/data-encoding-sample.png)
 
 ## Code Example
 
diff --git a/compiler/README.md b/compiler/README.md
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..32d46ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../README.md
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/compiler/pyproject.toml b/compiler/pyproject.toml
index 2a50fd0..5925e2d 100644
--- a/compiler/pyproject.toml
+++ b/compiler/pyproject.toml
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 name = "bitproto"
 version = "1.3.0"
 description = "bit level data interchange format."
+readme = "README.md"
 authors = [
     {name = "Chao Wang", email = "hit9@icloud.com"},
 ]

From 0092c1158ea73a3ad86910a09d4177d9babdc649 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hit9 <hit9@icloud.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 06:05:40 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 2/9] fix: extend BP_BIG_ENDIAN auto-detection to TI ARM CGT in
 the C library

PR #84 added __BIG_ENDIAN__ detection to the optimization-mode generated
code, but missed the same macro in the standard-mode C library
(lib/c/bitproto.c), which only recognised GCC/Clang's __BYTE_ORDER__.

So on TI ARM CGT big-endian targets (--be32, e.g. TMS570) non-optimization
mode still fell through to the little-endian path, producing incorrect
encode/decode results for multi-byte fields. Mirror the codegen detection
here so both modes behave consistently:

    #if !defined(BP_BIG_ENDIAN) && (
        (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)) ||
        defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__))

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 lib/c/bitproto.c | 7 +++++--
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/c/bitproto.c b/lib/c/bitproto.c
index b92d01f..1ffbde5 100644
--- a/lib/c/bitproto.c
+++ b/lib/c/bitproto.c
@@ -8,8 +8,11 @@
 // big-endian host the in-memory byte order of an integer is reversed relative
 // to the wire, so the byte-copy fast paths below need an endian-neutral
 // fallback. Users may force this by predefining BP_BIG_ENDIAN.
-#if !defined(BP_BIG_ENDIAN) && defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && \
-    (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+// __BYTE_ORDER__ / __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ covers GCC/Clang.
+// __BIG_ENDIAN__ covers TI ARM CGT (--be32) and some other toolchains.
+#if !defined(BP_BIG_ENDIAN) && (                                     \
+    (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)) || \
+    defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__))
 #define BP_BIG_ENDIAN 1
 #endif
 

From 48d168ce259898e0fd2d3e5034d45359fa05ed3a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hit9 <hit9@icloud.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 06:06:13 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 3/9] release: 1.3.1

- TI ARM CGT big-endian auto-detection fix (codegen PR #84 + C library).
- Render the README as the PyPI long description.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 changes.rst                   | 14 ++++++++++++++
 compiler/bitproto/__init__.py |  2 +-
 compiler/pyproject.toml       |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changes.rst b/changes.rst
index 0294844..62678ff 100644
--- a/changes.rst
+++ b/changes.rst
@@ -1,5 +1,19 @@
 .. currentmodule:: bitproto
 
+Version 1.3.1
+-------------
+
+.. _version-1.3.1:
+
+- Bugfix: Extend ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` auto-detection to recognise ``__BIG_ENDIAN__``
+  in addition to ``__BYTE_ORDER__``, covering the TI ARM CGT compiler (``--be32``
+  on big-endian targets such as the TMS570). This applies to both the
+  optimization-mode generated code and the standard-mode C library; previously
+  these targets fell through to the little-endian path and produced incorrect
+  results for multi-byte fields. PR #84.
+- Packaging: Show the project README as the long description on the PyPI project
+  page for the ``bitproto`` package.
+
 Version 1.3.0
 -------------
 
diff --git a/compiler/bitproto/__init__.py b/compiler/bitproto/__init__.py
index b6b61e5..581b4fb 100644
--- a/compiler/bitproto/__init__.py
+++ b/compiler/bitproto/__init__.py
@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@
 
 """
 
-__version__ = "1.3.0"
+__version__ = "1.3.1"
 __description__ = "bit level data interchange format."
diff --git a/compiler/pyproject.toml b/compiler/pyproject.toml
index 5925e2d..a2187a7 100644
--- a/compiler/pyproject.toml
+++ b/compiler/pyproject.toml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
 name = "bitproto"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "1.3.1"
 description = "bit level data interchange format."
 readme = "README.md"
 authors = [

From 242997cfe9252891e0fee7c46cdf8754627a0ee7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hit9 <hit9@icloud.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 06:18:54 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 4/9] feat: also auto-detect IAR big-endian (__LITTLE_ENDIAN__
 == 0)

Broaden BP_BIG_ENDIAN auto-detection to cover IAR, which always defines
__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ (1 for little, 0 for big), in addition to GCC/Clang
(__BYTE_ORDER__) and TI ARM CGT (__BIG_ENDIAN__). The check uses
"== 0" rather than "defined()" so GCC/Clang (which define
__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ to 1 on little-endian) are not falsely detected as
big-endian.

Applied to both the standard-mode C library (lib/c/bitproto.c) and the
optimization-mode codegen (renderer_c.py); regenerated the opt-mode
examples. Documented the full detection set (GCC/Clang, TI CGT, IAR) in
docs/endianness.rst, updated the 1.3.1 changelog entry, and synced the
zh translation catalogs.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 changes.rst                                   |  12 +-
 .../bitproto/renderer/impls/c/renderer_c.py   |   4 +-
 docs/endianness.rst                           |  15 ++-
 docs/locales/zh/LC_MESSAGES/changelog.po      | 117 +++++++++++-------
 docs/locales/zh/LC_MESSAGES/endianness.po     |  86 +++++++------
 example/C-optimization-mode/example_bp.c      |   6 +-
 example/CPP-optimization-mode/example_bp.c    |   6 +-
 lib/c/bitproto.c                              |   6 +-
 8 files changed, 149 insertions(+), 103 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changes.rst b/changes.rst
index 62678ff..cf7e5d7 100644
--- a/changes.rst
+++ b/changes.rst
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ Version 1.3.1
 
 .. _version-1.3.1:
 
-- Bugfix: Extend ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` auto-detection to recognise ``__BIG_ENDIAN__``
-  in addition to ``__BYTE_ORDER__``, covering the TI ARM CGT compiler (``--be32``
-  on big-endian targets such as the TMS570). This applies to both the
-  optimization-mode generated code and the standard-mode C library; previously
-  these targets fell through to the little-endian path and produced incorrect
-  results for multi-byte fields. PR #84.
+- Bugfix: Broaden ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` auto-detection beyond GCC/Clang's
+  ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` to also cover the TI ARM CGT (``__BIG_ENDIAN__``, e.g.
+  ``--be32`` on the TMS570) and IAR (``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0``) compilers, in
+  both the optimization-mode generated code and the standard-mode C library.
+  Previously these big-endian targets fell through to the little-endian path and
+  produced incorrect results for multi-byte fields. PR #84.
 - Packaging: Show the project README as the long description on the PyPI project
   page for the ``bitproto`` package.
 
diff --git a/compiler/bitproto/renderer/impls/c/renderer_c.py b/compiler/bitproto/renderer/impls/c/renderer_c.py
index 9ef2f9a..797e452 100644
--- a/compiler/bitproto/renderer/impls/c/renderer_c.py
+++ b/compiler/bitproto/renderer/impls/c/renderer_c.py
@@ -413,11 +413,13 @@ def render(self) -> None:
             # the user defining BP_BIG_ENDIAN; still overridable via -D.
             # __BYTE_ORDER__ / __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ covers GCC/Clang.
             # __BIG_ENDIAN__ covers TI ARM CGT (--be32) and some other toolchains.
+            # __LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0 covers IAR (which always defines it).
             self.push("#if !defined(BP_BIG_ENDIAN) && (\\")
             self.push(
                 "    (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)) || \\"
             )
-            self.push("    defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__))")
+            self.push("    defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__) || \\")
+            self.push("    (defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && (__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0)))")
             self.push("#define BP_BIG_ENDIAN 1")
             self.push("#endif")
             # <string.h> is only needed for memset in the big-endian path.
diff --git a/docs/endianness.rst b/docs/endianness.rst
index b35bea8..cca3d35 100644
--- a/docs/endianness.rst
+++ b/docs/endianness.rst
@@ -47,10 +47,11 @@ about C.
 C standard mode
 ---------------
 
-The C library (``lib/c/bitproto.c``) detects a big-endian host automatically via
-``__BYTE_ORDER__`` and selects an endian-neutral code path. You may also force it
-by defining ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` when compiling the library, for toolchains that do
-not define ``__BYTE_ORDER__``:
+The C library (``lib/c/bitproto.c``) detects a big-endian host automatically
+(via ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` for GCC/Clang, ``__BIG_ENDIAN__`` for the TI ARM CGT
+compiler, and ``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0`` for IAR) and selects an endian-neutral
+code path. You may also force it by defining ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` when compiling
+the library, for toolchains that expose none of these macros:
 
 .. sourcecode:: bash
 
@@ -77,8 +78,10 @@ emits two equivalent code paths guarded by a preprocessor macro:
        // portable bit-shift path (big-endian hosts)
    #endif
 
-A big-endian host is auto-detected via ``__BYTE_ORDER__``; you may also force the
-big-endian path by defining ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` when compiling the generated code.
+A big-endian host is auto-detected (via ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` for GCC/Clang,
+``__BIG_ENDIAN__`` for the TI ARM CGT compiler, and ``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0``
+for IAR); you may also force the big-endian path by defining ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN``
+when compiling the generated code.
 The little-endian path is identical to earlier bitproto releases, so there is no
 performance change on little-endian targets — only the generated source is a
 little larger.
diff --git a/docs/locales/zh/LC_MESSAGES/changelog.po b/docs/locales/zh/LC_MESSAGES/changelog.po
index 6990af8..b9d3dfc 100644
--- a/docs/locales/zh/LC_MESSAGES/changelog.po
+++ b/docs/locales/zh/LC_MESSAGES/changelog.po
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: bitproto 0.4.0\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-06-19 01:28-0700\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-06-19 06:16-0700\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -17,16 +17,38 @@ msgstr ""
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Generated-By: Babel 2.18.0\n"
 
-#: ../../changelog.rst:2 76d5d3603c404178ae5b7c007ad11007
+#: ../../changelog.rst:2 cd8c857bf57e4272af61da204650e3d8
 msgid "Changelog"
 msgstr "版本历史"
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:4 21ceda6cb0ef42a98dcbc98ccfb9241d
-#, fuzzy
+#: ../../../changes.rst:4 46489425970d43d0a350ee1f11c1b635
+msgid "Version 1.3.1"
+msgstr "Version 1.3.1"
+
+#: ../../../changes.rst:8 3f93ccdf7ae840e5bb2142eb56985f65
+msgid ""
+"Bugfix: Broaden ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` auto-detection beyond GCC/Clang's "
+"``__BYTE_ORDER__`` to also cover the TI ARM CGT (``__BIG_ENDIAN__``, e.g. "
+"``--be32`` on the TMS570) and IAR (``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0``) compilers, in"
+" both the optimization-mode generated code and the standard-mode C library. "
+"Previously these big-endian targets fell through to the little-endian path "
+"and produced incorrect results for multi-byte fields. PR #84."
+msgstr ""
+"修复：将 ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` 的自动检测从 GCC/Clang 的 ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` 扩展到同时覆盖 TI ARM "
+"CGT（``__BIG_ENDIAN__``，例如 TMS570 的 ``--be32``）和 IAR（``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == "
+"0``）编译器，优化模式生成的代码和标准模式 C 运行库均已覆盖。此前这些大端序目标会退化到小端序路径，导致多字节字段编解码结果错误。PR #84。"
+
+#: ../../../changes.rst:14 122facc12bdc458b988f2a35b596b187
+msgid ""
+"Packaging: Show the project README as the long description on the PyPI "
+"project page for the ``bitproto`` package."
+msgstr "打包：在 ``bitproto`` 包的 PyPI 项目页面上以 README 作为长描述展示。"
+
+#: ../../../changes.rst:18 c7b8df781e2e46d4b88e2f8b4fca025f
 msgid "Version 1.3.0"
-msgstr "Version 1.1.2"
+msgstr "Version 1.3.0"
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:8 67b139acd1c14750b76eb78d59628835
+#: ../../../changes.rst:22 3a40146dd1d54c6aac3aeef4a33b8502
 msgid ""
 "Feature: Big-endian host support. bitproto's wire format is little-endian on"
 " every platform; the C library (standard mode) and the C optimization-mode "
@@ -36,7 +58,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "新特性：支持大端序主机。bitproto 的编码格式在所有平台上都是小端序；现在 C 运行库（标准模式）以及 C "
 "优化模式生成的代码在为大端序主机编译时也能产生正确的输出。Python 和 Go 本来就与字节序无关，不受影响。"
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:12 9eff75eba59548dda5b36bd7771b0973
+#: ../../../changes.rst:26 8e67f040e0cc4ab081366f8e235235f5
 msgid ""
 "Feature: New compiler option ``--endian`` (``both`` | ``little`` | ``big``) "
 "controlling the host byte order targeted by optimization-mode C/C++ code. "
@@ -51,165 +73,174 @@ msgstr ""
 "区分并自动检测主机（可通过定义 ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` 覆盖）；``little`` "
 "只保留原有的、更小更快的字节指针代码（不支持大端序）；``big`` 只生成可移植的那份路径。"
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:18 abc52528f16c4b7c81153ab7c2240866
+#: ../../../changes.rst:32 d4ffa215a28c423785e31ebe89b9e488
 msgid ""
 "The little-endian generated code is unchanged from previous releases, so "
 "there is no performance regression on the common little-endian target."
 msgstr "小端序下生成的代码与之前的版本完全相同，因此在常见的小端序目标上没有任何性能回退。"
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:22 22529ec400cf407abacf99ac626d435b
+#: ../../../changes.rst:36 6ddbbbf6da50462a83c270387c8eda50
 #, fuzzy
 msgid "Version 1.2.2"
 msgstr "Version 1.1.2"
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:26 ../../../changes.rst:35
-#: 95eba896850f414e89ebb84b70d40c3c e25d49c311624576abd66476d2d553d6
+#: ../../../changes.rst:40 ../../../changes.rst:49
+#: 3512db0d5ec34780a1e398ecad71d500 82cf5379274c437299ae1542f4d0f54e
 msgid "Warning: May break some existing projects's generated names:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:28 fe2017ebb9f447f8bddfeaeb8e987c0a
+#: ../../../changes.rst:42 789b55dc62af47d19e748c7a8c8ce939
 msgid "Improve `snake_case` function. #74, #75"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:31 ba8f42bbecf644b29baad003f4b766df
+#: ../../../changes.rst:45 7df8a2bb11024bdea47c49cdb92876de
 #, fuzzy
 msgid "Version 1.2.1"
 msgstr "Version 1.1.2"
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:37 b0189e46434948b8b61eed17372426b6
+#: ../../../changes.rst:51 68673a5e52694713b8e25dcc5d5f0c8f
 msgid "Bugfix: `pascal_case` formatter. ISSUE #68, PR #69."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:38 5ecfae5bd6fb4920b9c61479c9b71be6
+#: ../../../changes.rst:52 70fccc4f50d6491eac97106714a8c06f
 msgid ""
 "Bugfix: Fixed naming style of generated code such as IntegerConstant (style "
 "lookup supports inheritance). ISSUE #70 PR #70"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:42 600da5f679ad4b60907b5a12d9dc661a
+#: ../../../changes.rst:56 058d39fcf7d04536837d905972e1cdd0
 #, fuzzy
 msgid "Version 1.2.0"
 msgstr "Version 1.1.2"
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:46 80ff49dbfa30413fa75ceaf145ec6a3b
+#: ../../../changes.rst:60 879df25dcc7a4adbb6a131a669028eb7
 msgid "Feature: Add a simple language-server, tested on neovim and vscode."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:47 c16cae5e4b5a413f890924aae18b10f1
+#: ../../../changes.rst:61 27036d8837c7444299443c7eb36b1350
 msgid ""
 "Editor:  Upgrade vscode extenions to support the ``bitproto-language-"
 "server``."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:50 d760bd22453742f9a43c8144660042af
+#: ../../../changes.rst:64 22430b5dd93646ca98b0bcefa63d559a
 msgid "Version 1.1.2"
 msgstr "Version 1.1.2"
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:54 26ac073c24044181a22c1d41b56d25df
+#: ../../../changes.rst:68 4c6aaa50d6f64d988da201a842d018e4
 msgid "Feature: Allow using constants as option values. ISSUE #61, PR #63"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:57 b0046c32c229421392f8d3c2badbb7d7
+#: ../../../changes.rst:71 626d2ac5783b402fb60b7f7becf79c23
 msgid "Version 1.1.1"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:61 12f263a55eda445a9b3c92bf86a4c3de
+#: ../../../changes.rst:75 94ae9ab794da4a6cb48bd87c672eb5d7
 msgid ""
 "Fix bug: enum importing other bitproto's field name generation bug. #53 #52"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:62 52d66b4337644fd18beae488ad3255e2
+#: ../../../changes.rst:76 f7d4ba6610dd46a1961237a2454515f3
 msgid ""
 "Fix bug: import statements of bitprotos should be placed ahead of other "
 "declarations. #53"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:65 22cb18322ba44cbca1d0d06797f7b798
+#: ../../../changes.rst:79 89aa0dedc2d6470c97e1d8bd230b6966
 msgid "Version 1.1.0"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:69 c46626dc5a5d4c2ba9a836831a7821ae
+#: ../../../changes.rst:83 80d82251a84b4d319e9f65c36a26e176
 msgid ""
 "Performance improvements for C bitprotolib, 40~60us improvement per call on "
 "stm32. PR #48."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:70 4ddf229304cb447085af86c7cb1500d0
+#: ../../../changes.rst:84 d4da75bd735347548b198c1aca4a2344
 msgid ""
 "Fix Python nested message ``__post_init___`` function code generation. PR "
 "#48, commit 73f4b01."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:73 3f89d51d88b843489a296cead4dfea86
+#: ../../../changes.rst:87 d0e0754fcb174c5495a88d2835042b6e
 msgid "Version 1.0.1"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:77 dc8ee87e18ef422f9906a8d85f1e93df
+#: ../../../changes.rst:91 275856414146490ca6b9cbd67e4092e7
 msgid "Add support for Python 3.11"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:80 256f5b5a0e7e41299e71e29f5be6aa8b
+#: ../../../changes.rst:94 032a234a56034236b4e826efb705ad78
 msgid "Version 1.0.0"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:84 1b006c1612a549fb8b1c2054fea6294d
+#: ../../../changes.rst:98 71516cf0b39541c1bf44e63f751b6b30
 msgid "First fully release version"
 msgstr "第一次发布 1.0 版本"
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:89 123c8b04025f4014a2a6ea3601292901
+#: ../../../changes.rst:103 9d5b1413fd8b4e858ed3ec16896b67d6
 msgid "Version 0.4.6"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:91 32d4097cc1bb42a284d013b0d6bf0f2c
+#: ../../../changes.rst:105 d788f267914f42dc985449400b3afea4
 msgid "Support signed integers with arbitrary bits, e.g. int24 PR#45."
 msgstr "支持任意比特数目的有符号整数类型 例如 int24, 见 PR#45"
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:96 cd1d51ee9e3c4b708cd9a9fd31ffd497
+#: ../../../changes.rst:110 939038b304f4446abcb4ab546454dcdc
 msgid "Version 0.4.5"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:98 dc88283855f843a495bab4f3c9ad415d
+#: ../../../changes.rst:112 9489bdeb03ca4e7bb8abaa5d6e6a9c21
 msgid ""
 "Use Python IntEnum for enum generation (respecting backward compatibility)  "
 "PR#41."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:103 ebed9fb7d14142d591662da7185c23d2
+#: ../../../changes.rst:117 181db1787bcb41c09aafdb29f74e20bd
 msgid "Version 0.4.4"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:105 f3413287976c47e2b9de95e528c6a72e
+#: ../../../changes.rst:119 6017dcf0a12d4c1f9b0537b111c88b9f
 msgid "Minor fix compiler setup.py path issue."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:110 3746a5e757ac41b582f2d6d9f91f5379
+#: ../../../changes.rst:124 f0e39859572c41968d2a399697a70a6c
 msgid "Version 0.4.2"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:112 2cc45826f9304b42b0e5899dfdb17f23
+#: ../../../changes.rst:126 960bf3e0d9f14de59adf6fe07c4a06f8
 msgid "Allow using ``type`` as message field name, fixes issue #39."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:117 26969591f7454f34be89e5998982923a
+#: ../../../changes.rst:131 43df1fb36dfd4e4bb23a3743724e1e68
 msgid "Version 0.4.0"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:119 eb895e1c963342f489630f6dc2fd642b
+#: ../../../changes.rst:133 8b20158f4cf1497a80c3c502b38bc56c
 msgid ""
 "Add support for ``message`` and ``enum`` extensiblity for protocol forward "
 "compatibility."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:120 a557134b8d8148a9ae61364d595e6d61
+#: ../../../changes.rst:134 bb329536263f4cb8b0210925946554fe
 msgid "Cut down the code size of generated language-specific files."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:121 bc8f1b17164e4cd58c6b434cb68f6099
+#: ../../../changes.rst:135 b527f338e5274618b465f2dc9bf1b414
 msgid "Refactor the bitproto compiler."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: ../../../changes.rst:122 147604be81434646a2a96ffdfc87e87f
+#: ../../../changes.rst:136 a6a89b7d729a439bb25705c3dadbfc0a
 msgid ""
 "Refactor the bitproto serialization mechanism, using language-specific "
 "libraries instead of pure compiler-generated files."
 msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Bugfix: Extend ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` auto-detection to recognise "
+#~ "``__BIG_ENDIAN__`` in addition to ``__BYTE_ORDER__``, covering the TI ARM "
+#~ "CGT compiler (``--be32`` on big-endian targets such as the TMS570). This "
+#~ "applies to both the optimization-mode generated code and the standard-mode C"
+#~ " library; previously these targets fell through to the little-endian path "
+#~ "and produced incorrect results for multi-byte fields. PR #84."
+#~ msgstr ""
diff --git a/docs/locales/zh/LC_MESSAGES/endianness.po b/docs/locales/zh/LC_MESSAGES/endianness.po
index a627b9a..5684cfe 100644
--- a/docs/locales/zh/LC_MESSAGES/endianness.po
+++ b/docs/locales/zh/LC_MESSAGES/endianness.po
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: bitproto 0.4.4\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-06-19 01:28-0700\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-06-19 06:16-0700\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: zh <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
 "Generated-By: Babel 2.18.0\n"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:6 0b040be315ce42209b21a9e8b15b6036
+#: ../../endianness.rst:6 7136afd20fcd4d0d8a12974726896c23
 msgid "Endianness"
 msgstr "字节序"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:8 ccaaaf10bdfa4f648bcb9d02270e5878
+#: ../../endianness.rst:8 3d025bff8d20496f9f1edf9edfe0a6cf
 msgid ""
 "bitproto's wire format is **little-endian on every platform**: the lowest "
 "byte index on the wire holds the least-significant bits of a field. This is "
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ msgstr ""
 "endian)**：编码后字节序列中索引最低的字节存放字段的最低有效位。这是编码格式的固定属性，与运行编码器或解码器的机器无关 —— "
 "字节序不同的两端始终可以互通。"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:16 102ab05c4eb54687b25d8137490bbd8d
+#: ../../endianness.rst:16 fc01d7e1b6e44805ac7db4130c27ef38
 msgid "Language support"
 msgstr "各语言的支持情况"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:18 4949128459f0422bb13dae054d386f55
+#: ../../endianness.rst:18 831aa8811cc8413fb0b22b4d415a411a
 msgid ""
 "Whether the *host* CPU is big-endian only ever mattered for C, because only "
 "C reads an integer field's raw memory bytes. Python and Go operate on "
@@ -49,92 +49,93 @@ msgstr ""
 "*宿主机* CPU 是否为大端序只对 C 有影响，因为只有 C 会直接读取整数字段的原始内存字节。Python 和 Go 是对整数的 *值* "
 "做移位和掩码运算，这种方式天然与字节序无关。"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:26 199c9c0766e04113b484d2840ecfba51
+#: ../../endianness.rst:26 012d2a84bcb642269599edfa18cfb020
 msgid "Target"
 msgstr "目标语言"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:27 688b7dde52824f65b24529a68090d35f
+#: ../../endianness.rst:27 747bb89a0bbd473da1aa3196fc6d7c46
 msgid "How bits are moved"
 msgstr "比特如何搬运"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:28 f2ba25db7dbe4c54bc6e9cb8564a02a5
+#: ../../endianness.rst:28 29244b384e6c456798294482296844be
 msgid "Big-endian host"
 msgstr "大端序主机"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:29 7185def3bcd24250bb7adcf4c8c05176
+#: ../../endianness.rst:29 5c4b505f2ec84d03baabd9eb286d51b7
 msgid "Python"
 msgstr "Python"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:30 0e787b8470584e63ab81d90da3c15128
+#: ../../endianness.rst:30 fea60dc320d54de89d55e32ca39772f0
 msgid "value math on Python ints"
 msgstr "对 Python 整数做数值运算"
 
 #: ../../endianness.rst:31 ../../endianness.rst:34
-#: 41384d1bc15f45ada45248e4fdd697d3 d28241f219114b51b5d2002609b864d0
+#: 2bca643b475f47aeb485da537a563ae7 c14f9f62e9fc4e15964025fb7a2818e8
 msgid "always correct"
 msgstr "始终正确"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:32 69d0a06ec23d462f9e142333c75d80d1
+#: ../../endianness.rst:32 b7ae0ca3406f4e6587879b78edf45d7b
 msgid "Go"
 msgstr "Go"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:33 cb9b9a23775744cc89f3f5ab9c07b6dc
+#: ../../endianness.rst:33 14524635720b4d1ca4872ee28c2174c0
 msgid "value shifts on typed fields"
 msgstr "对定型字段做数值移位"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:35 a4d294b5cc7f44cb8263527b2e7fb893
+#: ../../endianness.rst:35 14db03952cd84c24955e7a887a149ff8
 msgid "C (standard mode)"
 msgstr "C（标准模式）"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:36 4fd18130c01a4c6f827652c3904fc3ec
+#: ../../endianness.rst:36 d948cf287b9b4417950a0abdc2f43d50
 msgid "``lib/c`` runtime"
 msgstr "``lib/c`` 运行库"
 
 #: ../../endianness.rst:37 ../../endianness.rst:40
-#: d7b60cd145a54177ac0e4d328767a09b e982e973ea5740e7887c8c0b6e4121ed
+#: 1077b478251340129799f4a18e8a9d94 dba0c7e5fc144f03b389f5e00b51d0d6
 msgid "correct"
 msgstr "正确"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:38 76b701d8127a4e508b5cb4004301b984
+#: ../../endianness.rst:38 c23c81fcf4d74108bca273369cc04135
 msgid "C (optimization mode)"
 msgstr "C（优化模式）"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:39 ab408111deb7443b927252ec5053ffe0
+#: ../../endianness.rst:39 f5b13f6e5d6c47f0a780536fc836b026
 msgid "generated bit-copy statements"
 msgstr "生成的比特拷贝语句"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:42 267c254a223341d890878a779748f20d
+#: ../../endianness.rst:42 93349714a55d4e37b2960c8294f345c0
 msgid ""
 "So nothing special is required for Go or Python. The remainder of this page "
 "is about C."
 msgstr "因此 Go 和 Python 不需要做任何特殊处理。本页接下来的内容都是关于 C 的。"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:48 0fda01f52aba404ca7e7841635e1b526
+#: ../../endianness.rst:48 57c84752f5024fdb86d4a844b71778a8
 msgid "C standard mode"
 msgstr "C 标准模式"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:50 b789baff2f8842d7b046e63d83fe28fc
+#: ../../endianness.rst:50 cca64a9a0f8b4b019a9a2904e3eea409
 msgid ""
 "The C library (``lib/c/bitproto.c``) detects a big-endian host automatically"
-" via ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` and selects an endian-neutral code path. You may "
-"also force it by defining ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` when compiling the library, for "
-"toolchains that do not define ``__BYTE_ORDER__``:"
+" (via ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` for GCC/Clang, ``__BIG_ENDIAN__`` for the TI ARM "
+"CGT compiler, and ``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0`` for IAR) and selects an endian-"
+"neutral code path. You may also force it by defining ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` when "
+"compiling the library, for toolchains that expose none of these macros:"
 msgstr ""
-"C 运行库 (``lib/c/bitproto.c``) 会通过 ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` "
-"自动检测大端序主机，并选择与字节序无关的代码路径。对于不定义 ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` 的工具链，你也可以在编译运行库时定义 "
-"``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` 来强制启用："
+"C 运行库 (``lib/c/bitproto.c``) 会自动检测大端序主机（GCC/Clang 用 ``__BYTE_ORDER__``，TI "
+"ARM CGT 编译器用 ``__BIG_ENDIAN__``，IAR 用 ``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == "
+"0``），并选择与字节序无关的代码路径。对于这些宏都不提供的工具链，你也可以在编译运行库时定义 ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` 来强制启用："
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:59 dfe5ca7c24b74b21a037d8a627cb31f4
+#: ../../endianness.rst:60 3aa2242253ac49afaf1f9d186fbb7dd0
 msgid ""
 "On a little-endian host the library is byte-for-byte unchanged, so there is "
 "no performance impact on the common target."
 msgstr "在小端序主机上，运行库逐字节保持不变，因此对常见的目标平台没有任何性能影响。"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:65 e88b8e2df1064aa88e0681f1e15a5577
+#: ../../endianness.rst:66 949c000ec51643ff81ec09786de2909d
 msgid "C optimization mode"
 msgstr "C 优化模式"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:67 668c05ce7e5b4cd299438125249d1301
+#: ../../endianness.rst:68 0486098661a9470898754b4510b961d6
 msgid ""
 ":ref:`Optimization mode <performance-optimization-mode>` generates plain "
 "bit-copy statements that read and write integer fields through their in-"
@@ -146,28 +147,31 @@ msgstr ""
 "会生成直接的比特拷贝语句，通过整数字段的内存字节来读写它们。为了在小端序和大端序主机上都保持正确，bitproto "
 "默认会生成两份等价的代码路径，并用一个预处理宏来区分："
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:80 c3e4f7e8383b4362af0360e008b10f49
+#: ../../endianness.rst:81 83de8141deaa4763b641eed9af2b9e0f
 msgid ""
-"A big-endian host is auto-detected via ``__BYTE_ORDER__``; you may also "
-"force the big-endian path by defining ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` when compiling the "
-"generated code. The little-endian path is identical to earlier bitproto "
-"releases, so there is no performance change on little-endian targets — only "
-"the generated source is a little larger."
+"A big-endian host is auto-detected (via ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` for GCC/Clang, "
+"``__BIG_ENDIAN__`` for the TI ARM CGT compiler, and ``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == "
+"0`` for IAR); you may also force the big-endian path by defining "
+"``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` when compiling the generated code. The little-endian path "
+"is identical to earlier bitproto releases, so there is no performance change"
+" on little-endian targets — only the generated source is a little larger."
 msgstr ""
-"大端序主机会通过 ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` 自动检测；你也可以在编译生成的代码时定义 ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` "
-"来强制使用大端序路径。小端序路径与早期版本的 bitproto 完全一致，因此在小端序目标上没有任何性能变化 —— 只是生成的源码会略大一点。"
+"大端序主机会被自动检测（GCC/Clang 用 ``__BYTE_ORDER__``，TI ARM CGT 编译器用 "
+"``__BIG_ENDIAN__``，IAR 用 ``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0``）；你也可以在编译生成的代码时定义 "
+"``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` 来强制使用大端序路径。小端序路径与早期版本的 bitproto 完全一致，因此在小端序目标上没有任何性能变化 —— "
+"只是生成的源码会略大一点。"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:89 8d62efc6537d4a4f9cb8e5f7d54d1f6d
+#: ../../endianness.rst:92 0529072cd7fc4d6da9f6e67c6db2611d
 msgid "The ``--endian`` option"
 msgstr "``--endian`` 选项"
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:91 e84c122aadef45e887a7e8d2f84f37b7
+#: ../../endianness.rst:94 d778bd1ba0b44dda9e155248ead64239
 msgid ""
 "If you know your target's byte order you can drop the unused path and shrink"
 " the generated source with the ``--endian`` option (optimization mode only):"
 msgstr "如果你已经知道目标平台的字节序，可以用 ``--endian`` 选项去掉用不到的那份代码路径，从而缩小生成的源码（仅在优化模式下有效）："
 
-#: ../../endianness.rst:105 dbc23d079cd24ab0ac8cb9144b9fe748
+#: ../../endianness.rst:108 3eb9c538794d4a34ae65ef5727f6b5e6
 msgid ""
 "``--endian`` only affects optimization-mode C/C++ code. It has no effect on "
 "the wire format, and none on Go or Python."
diff --git a/example/C-optimization-mode/example_bp.c b/example/C-optimization-mode/example_bp.c
index 721c8ee..d5dfdec 100644
--- a/example/C-optimization-mode/example_bp.c
+++ b/example/C-optimization-mode/example_bp.c
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 // Code generated by bitproto. DO NOT EDIT.
 
 #include "example_bp.h"
-#if !defined(BP_BIG_ENDIAN) && defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && \
-    (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+#if !defined(BP_BIG_ENDIAN) && (\
+    (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)) || \
+    defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__) || \
+    (defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && (__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0)))
 #define BP_BIG_ENDIAN 1
 #endif
 #ifdef BP_BIG_ENDIAN
diff --git a/example/CPP-optimization-mode/example_bp.c b/example/CPP-optimization-mode/example_bp.c
index 721c8ee..d5dfdec 100644
--- a/example/CPP-optimization-mode/example_bp.c
+++ b/example/CPP-optimization-mode/example_bp.c
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 // Code generated by bitproto. DO NOT EDIT.
 
 #include "example_bp.h"
-#if !defined(BP_BIG_ENDIAN) && defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && \
-    (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+#if !defined(BP_BIG_ENDIAN) && (\
+    (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)) || \
+    defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__) || \
+    (defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && (__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0)))
 #define BP_BIG_ENDIAN 1
 #endif
 #ifdef BP_BIG_ENDIAN
diff --git a/lib/c/bitproto.c b/lib/c/bitproto.c
index 1ffbde5..e11f8f9 100644
--- a/lib/c/bitproto.c
+++ b/lib/c/bitproto.c
@@ -10,9 +10,11 @@
 // fallback. Users may force this by predefining BP_BIG_ENDIAN.
 // __BYTE_ORDER__ / __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ covers GCC/Clang.
 // __BIG_ENDIAN__ covers TI ARM CGT (--be32) and some other toolchains.
-#if !defined(BP_BIG_ENDIAN) && (                                     \
+// __LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0 covers IAR (which always defines it).
+#if !defined(BP_BIG_ENDIAN) && (                                             \
     (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)) || \
-    defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__))
+    defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__) ||                                               \
+    (defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && (__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0)))
 #define BP_BIG_ENDIAN 1
 #endif
 

From 960788198f01d54dc96adb64210f665affab594f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hit9 <hit9@icloud.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 06:36:29 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 5/9] fix c big-endian compiler macro detection

---
 .../bitproto/renderer/impls/c/renderer_c.py   |  6 ++-
 example/C-optimization-mode/example_bp.c      |  2 +
 example/CPP-optimization-mode/example_bp.c    |  2 +
 lib/c/bitproto.c                              |  6 ++-
 tests/test_encoding/test_endian.py            | 52 +++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/compiler/bitproto/renderer/impls/c/renderer_c.py b/compiler/bitproto/renderer/impls/c/renderer_c.py
index 797e452..b06b078 100644
--- a/compiler/bitproto/renderer/impls/c/renderer_c.py
+++ b/compiler/bitproto/renderer/impls/c/renderer_c.py
@@ -412,12 +412,16 @@ def render(self) -> None:
             # Auto-detect a big-endian host so the default just works without
             # the user defining BP_BIG_ENDIAN; still overridable via -D.
             # __BYTE_ORDER__ / __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ covers GCC/Clang.
-            # __BIG_ENDIAN__ covers TI ARM CGT (--be32) and some other toolchains.
+            # __ARM_BIG_ENDIAN covers ACLE-compatible Arm toolchains, including
+            # TI Arm Clang. __big_endian__ covers legacy TI ARM CGT (armcl).
+            # __BIG_ENDIAN__ covers some other toolchains.
             # __LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0 covers IAR (which always defines it).
             self.push("#if !defined(BP_BIG_ENDIAN) && (\\")
             self.push(
                 "    (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)) || \\"
             )
+            self.push("    defined(__ARM_BIG_ENDIAN) || \\")
+            self.push("    defined(__big_endian__) || \\")
             self.push("    defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__) || \\")
             self.push("    (defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && (__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0)))")
             self.push("#define BP_BIG_ENDIAN 1")
diff --git a/example/C-optimization-mode/example_bp.c b/example/C-optimization-mode/example_bp.c
index d5dfdec..f4adc84 100644
--- a/example/C-optimization-mode/example_bp.c
+++ b/example/C-optimization-mode/example_bp.c
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "example_bp.h"
 #if !defined(BP_BIG_ENDIAN) && (\
     (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)) || \
+    defined(__ARM_BIG_ENDIAN) || \
+    defined(__big_endian__) || \
     defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__) || \
     (defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && (__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0)))
 #define BP_BIG_ENDIAN 1
diff --git a/example/CPP-optimization-mode/example_bp.c b/example/CPP-optimization-mode/example_bp.c
index d5dfdec..f4adc84 100644
--- a/example/CPP-optimization-mode/example_bp.c
+++ b/example/CPP-optimization-mode/example_bp.c
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "example_bp.h"
 #if !defined(BP_BIG_ENDIAN) && (\
     (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)) || \
+    defined(__ARM_BIG_ENDIAN) || \
+    defined(__big_endian__) || \
     defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__) || \
     (defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && (__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0)))
 #define BP_BIG_ENDIAN 1
diff --git a/lib/c/bitproto.c b/lib/c/bitproto.c
index e11f8f9..d254434 100644
--- a/lib/c/bitproto.c
+++ b/lib/c/bitproto.c
@@ -9,10 +9,14 @@
 // to the wire, so the byte-copy fast paths below need an endian-neutral
 // fallback. Users may force this by predefining BP_BIG_ENDIAN.
 // __BYTE_ORDER__ / __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ covers GCC/Clang.
-// __BIG_ENDIAN__ covers TI ARM CGT (--be32) and some other toolchains.
+// __ARM_BIG_ENDIAN covers ACLE-compatible Arm toolchains, including TI Arm
+// Clang. __big_endian__ covers legacy TI ARM CGT (armcl). __BIG_ENDIAN__
+// covers some other toolchains.
 // __LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0 covers IAR (which always defines it).
 #if !defined(BP_BIG_ENDIAN) && (                                             \
     (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)) || \
+    defined(__ARM_BIG_ENDIAN) ||                                             \
+    defined(__big_endian__) ||                                               \
     defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__) ||                                               \
     (defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && (__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0)))
 #define BP_BIG_ENDIAN 1
diff --git a/tests/test_encoding/test_endian.py b/tests/test_encoding/test_endian.py
index d0d12e0..7f074a0 100644
--- a/tests/test_encoding/test_endian.py
+++ b/tests/test_encoding/test_endian.py
@@ -23,12 +23,15 @@
 import os
 import shutil
 import subprocess
+import sys
 
 import pytest
 
 HERE = os.path.dirname(__file__)
 CASES_DIR = os.path.join(HERE, "encoding-cases")
 LIB_C_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(HERE, "..", "..", "lib", "c"))
+ROOT_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(HERE, "..", ".."))
+EXAMPLE_PROTO = os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, "example", "example.bitproto")
 
 # Optimization-mode cases that emit encoded wire bytes to stdout (the "consts"
 # case supports optimization mode but prints nothing, so it is excluded here).
@@ -46,6 +49,10 @@
 )
 
 
+def _gcc_compile(source, output, *args: str) -> None:
+    subprocess.check_call(["gcc", "-c", *args, str(source), "-o", str(output)])
+
+
 def _make(case: str, target: str, **env_extra: str) -> bytes:
     env = dict(os.environ, **env_extra)
     return subprocess.check_output(
@@ -64,6 +71,51 @@ def _clean(case: str) -> None:
     )
 
 
+_BIG_ENDIAN_MACRO_CASES = [
+    ("gcc-clang-byte-order", ["-D__BYTE_ORDER__=__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__"]),
+    ("acle-arm", ["-D__ARM_BIG_ENDIAN"]),
+    ("ti-arm-cgt", ["-D__big_endian__"]),
+    ("generic", ["-D__BIG_ENDIAN__"]),
+    ("iar-arm", ["-U__LITTLE_ENDIAN__", "-D__LITTLE_ENDIAN__=0"]),
+]
+
+
+@requires_tools
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("name", "macro_args"), _BIG_ENDIAN_MACRO_CASES)
+def test_runtime_big_endian_macro_detection(name, macro_args, tmp_path) -> None:
+    """Runtime C library recognizes common compiler big-endian macros."""
+    src = tmp_path / f"{name}.c"
+    src.write_text(f"""
+#include "{os.path.join(LIB_C_DIR, "bitproto.c")}"
+#ifndef BP_BIG_ENDIAN
+#error "BP_BIG_ENDIAN not detected"
+#endif
+""")
+    _gcc_compile(src, tmp_path / f"{name}.o", *macro_args)
+
+
+@requires_tools
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("name", "macro_args"), _BIG_ENDIAN_MACRO_CASES)
+def test_optimization_mode_big_endian_macro_detection(
+    name, macro_args, tmp_path
+) -> None:
+    """Generated optimization-mode C recognizes common big-endian macros."""
+    outdir = tmp_path / "generated"
+    outdir.mkdir()
+    subprocess.check_call(
+        [sys.executable, "-m", "bitproto._main", "c", EXAMPLE_PROTO, str(outdir), "-O"]
+    )
+
+    src = tmp_path / f"{name}.c"
+    src.write_text(f"""
+#include "{outdir / "example_bp.c"}"
+#ifndef BP_BIG_ENDIAN
+#error "BP_BIG_ENDIAN not detected"
+#endif
+""")
+    _gcc_compile(src, tmp_path / f"{name}.o", "-I", str(outdir), *macro_args)
+
+
 @requires_tools
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("case", OPT_MODE_CASES)
 def test_opt_mode_big_endian_branch(case: str) -> None:

From b7c3d9d2ba217a5f2e90a365883317f62098dcb0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hit9 <hit9@icloud.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 06:39:09 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 6/9] docs update big-endian macro detection notes

---
 changes.rst         | 12 +++++++-----
 docs/endianness.rst | 17 ++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/changes.rst b/changes.rst
index cf7e5d7..a05586a 100644
--- a/changes.rst
+++ b/changes.rst
@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@ Version 1.3.1
 .. _version-1.3.1:
 
 - Bugfix: Broaden ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` auto-detection beyond GCC/Clang's
-  ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` to also cover the TI ARM CGT (``__BIG_ENDIAN__``, e.g.
-  ``--be32`` on the TMS570) and IAR (``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0``) compilers, in
-  both the optimization-mode generated code and the standard-mode C library.
-  Previously these big-endian targets fell through to the little-endian path and
-  produced incorrect results for multi-byte fields. PR #84.
+  ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` to also cover ACLE-compatible Arm toolchains such as TI
+  Arm Clang (``__ARM_BIG_ENDIAN``), legacy TI ARM CGT (``__big_endian__``),
+  other toolchains that define ``__BIG_ENDIAN__``, and IAR
+  (``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0``), in both the optimization-mode generated code and
+  the standard-mode C library. Previously these big-endian targets fell through
+  to the little-endian path and produced incorrect results for multi-byte
+  fields. PR #84.
 - Packaging: Show the project README as the long description on the PyPI project
   page for the ``bitproto`` package.
 
diff --git a/docs/endianness.rst b/docs/endianness.rst
index cca3d35..8735618 100644
--- a/docs/endianness.rst
+++ b/docs/endianness.rst
@@ -48,10 +48,12 @@ C standard mode
 ---------------
 
 The C library (``lib/c/bitproto.c``) detects a big-endian host automatically
-(via ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` for GCC/Clang, ``__BIG_ENDIAN__`` for the TI ARM CGT
-compiler, and ``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0`` for IAR) and selects an endian-neutral
-code path. You may also force it by defining ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` when compiling
-the library, for toolchains that expose none of these macros:
+(via ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` for GCC/Clang, ``__ARM_BIG_ENDIAN`` for
+ACLE-compatible Arm toolchains such as TI Arm Clang, ``__big_endian__`` for
+legacy TI ARM CGT, ``__BIG_ENDIAN__`` for other toolchains, and
+``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0`` for IAR) and selects an endian-neutral code path.
+You may also force it by defining ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` when compiling the library,
+for toolchains that expose none of these macros:
 
 .. sourcecode:: bash
 
@@ -79,9 +81,10 @@ emits two equivalent code paths guarded by a preprocessor macro:
    #endif
 
 A big-endian host is auto-detected (via ``__BYTE_ORDER__`` for GCC/Clang,
-``__BIG_ENDIAN__`` for the TI ARM CGT compiler, and ``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0``
-for IAR); you may also force the big-endian path by defining ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN``
-when compiling the generated code.
+``__ARM_BIG_ENDIAN`` for ACLE-compatible Arm toolchains such as TI Arm Clang,
+``__big_endian__`` for legacy TI ARM CGT, ``__BIG_ENDIAN__`` for other
+toolchains, and ``__LITTLE_ENDIAN__ == 0`` for IAR); you may also force the
+big-endian path by defining ``BP_BIG_ENDIAN`` when compiling the generated code.
 The little-endian path is identical to earlier bitproto releases, so there is no
 performance change on little-endian targets — only the generated source is a
 little larger.

From 6138ee22a11d80e62b1d54552fd86d2eac04847d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hit9 <hit9@icloud.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 06:41:47 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 7/9] ci add qemu big-endian test job

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index f15c9c9..70ab648 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -69,3 +69,38 @@ jobs:
     - name: Run tests
       run: |
         make test --no-print-directory -s
+
+  big-endian:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    - name: Set up QEMU
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
+      with:
+        platforms: s390x
+
+    - name: Run endian tests on s390x
+      run: |
+        docker run --rm --platform linux/s390x \
+          -v "${{ github.workspace }}:/work" \
+          -w /work \
+          python:3.13-bookworm \
+          bash -euxo pipefail -c '
+            apt-get update
+            apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends gcc make
+            python -m pip install -r compiler/requirements.txt -r tests/requirements_tests.txt
+            ln -sf /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/python3
+            printf "%s\n" \
+              "#!/usr/bin/env sh" \
+              "PYTHONPATH=/work/compiler exec python -m bitproto._main \"\$@\"" \
+              >/usr/local/bin/bitproto
+            chmod +x /usr/local/bin/bitproto
+            PYTHONPATH=compiler:lib/py python - <<'"'"'PY'"'"'
+            import sys
+            assert sys.byteorder == "big", sys.byteorder
+            PY
+            PYTHONPATH=compiler:lib/py python -m pytest tests/test_encoding/test_endian.py -v
+          '

From 6f066edd8ced8b413fbd11073884e4f1315d3cc5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hit9 <hit9@icloud.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 06:44:37 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 8/9] ci fix qemu big-endian python wrapper

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 6 +-----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 70ab648..e67b1d0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -92,15 +92,11 @@ jobs:
             apt-get update
             apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends gcc make
             python -m pip install -r compiler/requirements.txt -r tests/requirements_tests.txt
-            ln -sf /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/python3
             printf "%s\n" \
               "#!/usr/bin/env sh" \
               "PYTHONPATH=/work/compiler exec python -m bitproto._main \"\$@\"" \
               >/usr/local/bin/bitproto
             chmod +x /usr/local/bin/bitproto
-            PYTHONPATH=compiler:lib/py python - <<'"'"'PY'"'"'
-            import sys
-            assert sys.byteorder == "big", sys.byteorder
-            PY
+            PYTHONPATH=compiler:lib/py python -c "import sys; assert sys.byteorder == \"big\", sys.byteorder"
             PYTHONPATH=compiler:lib/py python -m pytest tests/test_encoding/test_endian.py -v
           '

From d241c6ee074203138d9a9a6fbf43a602dbfa0956 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hit9 <hit9@icloud.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 06:49:57 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 9/9] ci fix qemu big-endian python path

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index e67b1d0..154c30c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -97,6 +97,6 @@ jobs:
               "PYTHONPATH=/work/compiler exec python -m bitproto._main \"\$@\"" \
               >/usr/local/bin/bitproto
             chmod +x /usr/local/bin/bitproto
-            PYTHONPATH=compiler:lib/py python -c "import sys; assert sys.byteorder == \"big\", sys.byteorder"
-            PYTHONPATH=compiler:lib/py python -m pytest tests/test_encoding/test_endian.py -v
+            PYTHONPATH=/work/compiler:/work/lib/py python -c "import sys; assert sys.byteorder == \"big\", sys.byteorder"
+            PYTHONPATH=/work/compiler:/work/lib/py python -m pytest tests/test_encoding/test_endian.py -v
           '