|
| 1 | +# Maximum Int64 Number |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +Many shell implementations support 64-bit numbers, but there is a problem with |
| 4 | +parsing their maximum values. Some shell implementations handle this |
| 5 | +differently. |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | +It is notable that the behavior differs between dash and ash from busybox. |
| 8 | + |
| 9 | +## Agenda |
| 10 | + |
| 11 | +* zsh - zsh (5.9) - UNIX Shell similar to the Korn shell (https://www.zsh.org/) |
| 12 | +* dash - dash (0.5.12) - Debian Almquist Shell (https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/dash/dash.git) |
| 13 | +* bash - bash (5.3_p3) - GNU Bourne-Again Shell (https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/bash.git) |
| 14 | +* ksh - loksh (7.7) - Linux port of OpenBSD's ksh (https://github.com/dimkr/loksh/) |
| 15 | +* lksh - mksh (59c) - MirBSD Korn Shell (https://mbsd.evolvis.org/mksh.htm) |
| 16 | +* ash - busybox (1.36.1) - Tiny utilities for small and embedded systems (https://busybox.net/) |
| 17 | + |
| 18 | +## Value Calculation |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +```sh |
| 21 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'printf "OUT: %4s: %d\n" "$0" $(( 1 << 62 ))'; done |
| 22 | +OUT: zsh: 4611686018427387904 |
| 23 | +OUT: dash: 4611686018427387904 |
| 24 | +OUT: bash: 4611686018427387904 |
| 25 | +OUT: ksh: 4611686018427387904 |
| 26 | +OUT: lksh: 4611686018427387904 |
| 27 | +OUT: ash: 4611686018427387904 |
| 28 | + |
| 29 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'printf "OUT: %4s: %s\n" "$0" $(( 1 << 63 ))'; done |
| 30 | +OUT: zsh: -9223372036854775808 |
| 31 | +OUT: dash: -9223372036854775808 |
| 32 | +OUT: bash: -9223372036854775808 |
| 33 | +OUT: ksh: -9223372036854775808 |
| 34 | +OUT: lksh: -9223372036854775808 |
| 35 | +OUT: ash: -9223372036854775808 |
| 36 | + |
| 37 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'printf "OUT: %4s: %x\n" "$0" $(( 1 << 63 ))'; done |
| 38 | +zsh:1: number truncated after 18 digits: 9223372036854775808 |
| 39 | +OUT: zsh: f333333333333334 |
| 40 | +OUT: dash: 8000000000000000 |
| 41 | +OUT: bash: 8000000000000000 |
| 42 | +OUT: ksh: 8000000000000000 |
| 43 | +OUT: lksh: 8000000000000000 |
| 44 | +OUT: ash: 8000000000000000 |
| 45 | +``` |
| 46 | + |
| 47 | +```sh |
| 48 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'printf "OUT: %4s: %s\n" "$0" $(( 0x7fffffffffffffff + 1 ))'; done |
| 49 | +OUT: zsh: -9223372036854775808 |
| 50 | +OUT: dash: -9223372036854775808 |
| 51 | +OUT: bash: -9223372036854775808 |
| 52 | +OUT: ksh: -9223372036854775808 |
| 53 | +OUT: lksh: -9223372036854775808 |
| 54 | +OUT: ash: -9223372036854775808 |
| 55 | + |
| 56 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'printf "OUT: %4s: %x\n" "$0" $(( 0x7fffffffffffffff + 1 ))'; done |
| 57 | +zsh:1: number truncated after 18 digits: 9223372036854775808 |
| 58 | +OUT: zsh: f333333333333334 |
| 59 | +OUT: dash: 8000000000000000 |
| 60 | +OUT: bash: 8000000000000000 |
| 61 | +OUT: ksh: 8000000000000000 |
| 62 | +OUT: lksh: 8000000000000000 |
| 63 | +OUT: ash: 8000000000000000 |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'printf "OUT: %4s: %x\n" "$0" $(( 0x7fffffffffffffff + 2 ))'; done |
| 66 | +OUT: zsh: 8000000000000001 |
| 67 | +OUT: dash: 8000000000000001 |
| 68 | +OUT: bash: 8000000000000001 |
| 69 | +OUT: ksh: 8000000000000001 |
| 70 | +OUT: lksh: 8000000000000001 |
| 71 | +OUT: ash: 8000000000000001 |
| 72 | + |
| 73 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'printf "OUT: %4s: %x\n" "$0" $(( 0x7fffffffffffffff + 3 ))'; done |
| 74 | +OUT: zsh: 8000000000000002 |
| 75 | +OUT: dash: 8000000000000002 |
| 76 | +OUT: bash: 8000000000000002 |
| 77 | +OUT: ksh: 8000000000000002 |
| 78 | +OUT: lksh: 8000000000000002 |
| 79 | +OUT: ash: 8000000000000002 |
| 80 | + |
| 81 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'printf "OUT: %4s: %x\n" "$0" $(( 0x7fffffffffffffff + 0x7fffffffffffffff + 1 ))'; done |
| 82 | +OUT: zsh: ffffffffffffffff |
| 83 | +OUT: dash: ffffffffffffffff |
| 84 | +OUT: bash: ffffffffffffffff |
| 85 | +OUT: ksh: ffffffffffffffff |
| 86 | +OUT: lksh: ffffffffffffffff |
| 87 | +OUT: ash: ffffffffffffffff |
| 88 | +``` |
| 89 | + |
| 90 | +There are anomalies in parsing large numbers: |
| 91 | + |
| 92 | +```sh |
| 93 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'printf "OUT: %4s: %x\n" "$0" $(( 0xffffffffffffffff ))'; done |
| 94 | +zsh:1: number truncated after 15 digits: ffffffffffffffff |
| 95 | +OUT: zsh: fffffffffffffff |
| 96 | +OUT: dash: 7fffffffffffffff |
| 97 | +OUT: bash: ffffffffffffffff |
| 98 | +OUT: ksh: ffffffffffffffff |
| 99 | +OUT: lksh: ffffffffffffffff |
| 100 | +OUT: ash: ffffffffffffffff |
| 101 | + |
| 102 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'printf "OUT: %4s: %s\n" "$0" $(( 0x8000000000000000 ))'; done |
| 103 | +zsh:1: number truncated after 15 digits: 8000000000000000 |
| 104 | +OUT: zsh: 576460752303423488 |
| 105 | +OUT: dash: 9223372036854775807 |
| 106 | +OUT: bash: -9223372036854775808 |
| 107 | +OUT: ksh: -9223372036854775808 |
| 108 | +OUT: lksh: -9223372036854775808 |
| 109 | +OUT: ash: -9223372036854775808 |
| 110 | + |
| 111 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'printf "OUT: %4s: %d\n" "$0" $(( -9223372036854775808 ))'; done |
| 112 | +zsh:1: number truncated after 18 digits: 9223372036854775808 |
| 113 | +OUT: zsh: -922337203685477580 |
| 114 | +OUT: dash: -9223372036854775807 |
| 115 | +OUT: bash: -9223372036854775808 |
| 116 | +OUT: ksh: -9223372036854775808 |
| 117 | +OUT: lksh: -9223372036854775808 |
| 118 | +OUT: ash: -9223372036854775808 |
| 119 | +``` |
| 120 | + |
| 121 | +## Variables |
| 122 | + |
| 123 | +And one more thing. If you put some value in the variable, then in further |
| 124 | +calculations, parsing will happen again, which might have an extra effect. |
| 125 | + |
| 126 | +```sh |
| 127 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'v=$(( 1 << 62 )); printf "OUT: %4s: %x\n" $0 $(( $v ))'; done |
| 128 | +OUT: zsh: 4000000000000000 |
| 129 | +OUT: dash: 4000000000000000 |
| 130 | +OUT: bash: 4000000000000000 |
| 131 | +OUT: ksh: 4000000000000000 |
| 132 | +OUT: lksh: 4000000000000000 |
| 133 | +OUT: ash: 4000000000000000 |
| 134 | + |
| 135 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'v=0x7fffffffffffffff; printf "OUT: %4s: %x\n" $0 $(( $v ))'; done |
| 136 | +OUT: zsh: 7fffffffffffffff |
| 137 | +OUT: dash: 7fffffffffffffff |
| 138 | +OUT: bash: 7fffffffffffffff |
| 139 | +OUT: ksh: 7fffffffffffffff |
| 140 | +OUT: lksh: 7fffffffffffffff |
| 141 | +OUT: ash: 7fffffffffffffff |
| 142 | + |
| 143 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'v=$(( 1 << 63 )); printf "OUT: %4s: %x\n" $0 $(( $v ))'; done |
| 144 | +zsh:1: number truncated after 18 digits: 9223372036854775808 |
| 145 | +OUT: zsh: f333333333333334 |
| 146 | +OUT: dash: 8000000000000001 |
| 147 | +OUT: bash: 8000000000000000 |
| 148 | +OUT: ksh: 8000000000000000 |
| 149 | +OUT: lksh: 8000000000000000 |
| 150 | +OUT: ash: 8000000000000000 |
| 151 | + |
| 152 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'v=0x8000000000000000; printf "OUT: %4s: %x\n" $0 $(( $v ))'; done |
| 153 | +zsh:1: number truncated after 15 digits: 8000000000000000 |
| 154 | +OUT: zsh: 800000000000000 |
| 155 | +OUT: dash: 7fffffffffffffff |
| 156 | +OUT: bash: 8000000000000000 |
| 157 | +OUT: ksh: 8000000000000000 |
| 158 | +OUT: lksh: 8000000000000000 |
| 159 | +OUT: ash: 8000000000000000 |
| 160 | + |
| 161 | +$ for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'v=$(( 0x7fffffffffffffff + 1 )); printf "OUT: %4s: %x\n" $0 $(( $v ))'; done |
| 162 | +zsh:1: number truncated after 18 digits: 9223372036854775808 |
| 163 | +OUT: zsh: f333333333333334 |
| 164 | +OUT: dash: 8000000000000001 |
| 165 | +OUT: bash: 8000000000000000 |
| 166 | +OUT: ksh: 8000000000000000 |
| 167 | +OUT: lksh: 8000000000000000 |
| 168 | +OUT: ash: 8000000000000000 |
| 169 | + |
| 170 | +for sh in zsh dash bash ksh lksh "busybox ash"; do $sh -c 'v="(0x7fffffffffffffff + 1)"; printf "OUT: %4s: %x\n" $0 $(( $v ))'; done |
| 171 | +zsh:1: number truncated after 18 digits: 9223372036854775808 |
| 172 | +OUT: zsh: f333333333333334 |
| 173 | +OUT: dash: 8000000000000000 |
| 174 | +OUT: bash: 8000000000000000 |
| 175 | +OUT: ksh: 8000000000000000 |
| 176 | +OUT: lksh: 8000000000000000 |
| 177 | +OUT: ash: 8000000000000000 |
| 178 | +``` |
| 179 | + |
| 180 | +It seems that if one wants to have the value `1 << 63` in a variable, it is more |
| 181 | +correct to keep it as "(0x7fffffffffffffff + 1)" string. |
| 182 | + |
| 183 | +-- |
| 184 | +Rgrds, legion |
0 commit comments