fix(winpython): narrow search paths and add discovery cache #1501

Job	Run time
Tests in Containers (ci-jupyter-container, ubuntu-latest, mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/univers...	5m 23s
Tests (ubuntu-latest, x86_64-unknown-linux-musl, yes)	9m 32s
Builds (ubuntu-latest, x86_64-unknown-linux-musl, yes)	2m 8s
Builds (windows-latest, x86_64-pc-windows-msvc)	5m 10s
Tests in Containers (ci-homebrew-container, ubuntu-latest, homebrew/brew, x86_64-unknown-linux-musl)	3m 54s
Builds (macos-latest, x86_64-apple-darwin, yes)	3m 28s
Tests (macos-14, aarch64-apple-darwin, yes)	16m 5s
Builds (windows-latest, aarch64-pc-windows-msvc)	4m 56s
Env Tests (ci-poetry-project, windows-latest, x86_64-pc-windows-msvc)	7m 6s
Env Tests (ci-poetry-global, windows-latest, x86_64-pc-windows-msvc)	6m 48s
Env Tests (ci-poetry-custom, ubuntu-latest, x86_64-unknown-linux-musl)	3m 5s
Builds (macos-14, aarch64-apple-darwin, yes)	2m 6s
Tests (macos-latest, x86_64-apple-darwin, yes)	18m 24s
Env Tests (ci-poetry-project, ubuntu-latest, x86_64-unknown-linux-musl)	3m 1s
Tests (windows-latest, x86_64-pc-windows-msvc, yes)	7m 51s
Env Tests (ci-poetry-global, ubuntu-latest, x86_64-unknown-linux-musl)	2m 54s
Env Tests (ci-poetry-custom, windows-latest, x86_64-pc-windows-msvc)	6m 28s
	1h 48m 19s

Provide feedback