[Task]: Build docs and extract locales with minimal environment in CI

[diox]

Description

#16061 introduced a new GitHub action to run tests in that doesn't spin up a full development environment.

docs_build and locales jobs are still using the old action. We should switch them to the new one for much faster builds.

The challenge is that they create files & directories in the container, and need access to them afterwards. On top of that, docs/ directory is currently not included in the production image at all, so without the special volume bound to host filesystem, those files are not available in the container.

Acceptance Criteria

• CI job docs_build is faster
• CI job locales is faster

┆Issue is synchronized with this Jira Task

[diox]

For reference, currently the docs need:

• write access to docs/topics/models/
• write access to docs/_build/ (and ability to access that from the host)

In addition, the following docs have specific needs:

• docs/topics/development/contributing.md requires
  • ../.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
• docs/topics/development/building_and_running_services.md requires
  • ../../../docker-bake.hcl
  • ../../../.dockerignore
  • ../../../docker-compose.yml
  • ../../../docker-compose.override.yml
• docs/topics/development/github_actions.md requires
  • ../../../.github/workflows/_test_main.yml
  • ../../../.github/actions/build-docker/action.yml
  • ../../../.github/actions/run-docker/action.yml
  • ../../../.github/actions/run-docker-minimal/action.yml
• docs/topics/development/setup_and_configuration.md requires
  • ../../../docker-compose.yml
  • ../../../docker-compose.yml
  • ../../../docker-compose.private.yml