diff --git a/apps/dav/lib/Connector/Sabre/DavAclPlugin.php b/apps/dav/lib/Connector/Sabre/DavAclPlugin.php
index 913ded880a05d..db79f5b3637b7 100644
--- a/apps/dav/lib/Connector/Sabre/DavAclPlugin.php
+++ b/apps/dav/lib/Connector/Sabre/DavAclPlugin.php
@@ -55,16 +55,22 @@ public function checkPrivileges($uri, $privileges, $recursion = self::R_PARENT,
 
 			if ($this->getCurrentUserPrincipal() === $node->getOwner()) {
 				throw new Forbidden('Access denied');
-			} else {
-				throw new NotFound(
-					sprintf(
-						"%s with name '%s' could not be found",
-						$type,
-						$node->getName()
-					)
-				);
 			}
 
+			// RFC 3744 section 3 only allows masking the 403 as a 404 when the missing
+			// privilege also hides that the resource exists. If the user may read the node
+			// its existence is no secret, so surface the real 403 instead of a 404.
+			if (parent::checkPrivileges($uri, '{DAV:}read', $recursion, false)) {
+				return parent::checkPrivileges($uri, $privileges, $recursion, true);
+			}
+
+			throw new NotFound(
+				sprintf(
+					"%s with name '%s' could not be found",
+					$type,
+					$node->getName()
+				)
+			);
 		}
 
 		return $access;
diff --git a/apps/dav/tests/unit/Connector/Sabre/DavAclPluginTest.php b/apps/dav/tests/unit/Connector/Sabre/DavAclPluginTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..18d9567e7ccdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/dav/tests/unit/Connector/Sabre/DavAclPluginTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/**
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Nextcloud GmbH and Nextcloud contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
+ */
+
+namespace OCA\DAV\Tests\unit\Connector\Sabre;
+
+use OCA\DAV\CalDAV\CalDavBackend;
+use OCA\DAV\CalDAV\Calendar;
+use OCA\DAV\CardDAV\AddressBook;
+use OCA\DAV\CardDAV\CardDavBackend;
+use OCA\DAV\Connector\Sabre\DavAclPlugin;
+use OCP\IConfig;
+use OCP\IL10N;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\MockObject\MockObject;
+use Psr\Log\LoggerInterface;
+use Sabre\DAV\Exception\Forbidden;
+use Sabre\DAV\Exception\NotFound;
+use Sabre\DAV\INode;
+use Sabre\DAV\Server;
+use Sabre\DAV\Tree;
+use Sabre\DAVACL\Exception\NeedPrivileges;
+use Test\TestCase;
+
+class DavAclPluginTest extends TestCase {
+	private Tree&MockObject $tree;
+
+	protected function setUp(): void {
+		parent::setUp();
+		$this->tree = $this->createMock(Tree::class);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Run every case against a real Calendar and a real AddressBook node: the single ACL
+	 * override guards CalDAV and CardDAV alike, and real nodes make get_class() hit both
+	 * arms of the type switch.
+	 *
+	 * @return array<string, array{string, string}> flavour => [flavour, node uri]
+	 */
+	public static function sharedNodeProvider(): array {
+		return [
+			'calendar' => ['calendar', 'personal_shared_by_alice'],
+			'addressbook' => ['addressbook', 'contacts_shared_by_alice'],
+		];
+	}
+
+	#[DataProvider('sharedNodeProvider')]
+	public function testReadableNodeWithoutWriteReturns403(string $flavour, string $uri): void {
+		$this->tree->method('getNodeForPath')
+			->willReturn($this->sharedNode($flavour, $uri, 'principals/users/alice'));
+		$plugin = $this->pluginFor('principals/users/bob', ['{DAV:}read']);
+
+		$this->expectException(NeedPrivileges::class);
+		$plugin->checkPrivileges("calendars/bob/$uri/object", '{DAV:}write');
+	}
+
+	#[DataProvider('sharedNodeProvider')]
+	public function testUnreadableNodeReturns404(string $flavour, string $uri): void {
+		$this->tree->method('getNodeForPath')
+			->willReturn($this->sharedNode($flavour, $uri, 'principals/users/alice'));
+		$plugin = $this->pluginFor('principals/users/bob', []);
+
+		$type = $flavour === 'calendar' ? 'Calendar' : 'Addressbook';
+		$this->expectException(NotFound::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage("$type with name '$uri' could not be found");
+		$plugin->checkPrivileges("calendars/bob/$uri/object", '{DAV:}write');
+	}
+
+	#[DataProvider('sharedNodeProvider')]
+	public function testOwnerWithoutPrivilegeReturnsForbidden(string $flavour, string $uri): void {
+		$this->tree->method('getNodeForPath')
+			->willReturn($this->sharedNode($flavour, $uri, 'principals/users/alice'));
+		$plugin = $this->pluginFor('principals/users/alice', []);
+
+		$this->expectException(Forbidden::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage('Access denied');
+		$plugin->checkPrivileges("calendars/alice/$uri/object", '{DAV:}write');
+	}
+
+	private function pluginFor(string $currentPrincipal, array $privilegeSet): DavAclPlugin&MockObject {
+		$plugin = $this->getMockBuilder(DavAclPlugin::class)
+			->onlyMethods(['getCurrentUserPrincipal', 'getCurrentUserPrivilegeSet'])
+			->getMock();
+		$plugin->method('getCurrentUserPrincipal')->willReturn($currentPrincipal);
+		$plugin->method('getCurrentUserPrivilegeSet')->willReturn($privilegeSet);
+		$plugin->initialize(new Server($this->tree));
+		return $plugin;
+	}
+
+	private function sharedNode(string $flavour, string $uri, string $owner): INode {
+		$info = [
+			'id' => 1,
+			'uri' => $uri,
+			'principaluri' => 'principals/users/bob',
+			'{DAV:}displayname' => 'Shared',
+			'{http://owncloud.org/ns}owner-principal' => $owner,
+		];
+		if ($flavour === 'calendar') {
+			return new Calendar(
+				$this->createMock(CalDavBackend::class),
+				$info,
+				$this->createMock(IL10N::class),
+				$this->createMock(IConfig::class),
+				$this->createMock(LoggerInterface::class),
+			);
+		}
+		return new AddressBook(
+			$this->createMock(CardDavBackend::class),
+			$info,
+			$this->createMock(IL10N::class),
+		);
+	}
+}