diff --git a/rules-tests/AnnotationsToAttributes/Rector/ClassMethod/DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector/Fixture/in_test_trait.php.inc b/rules-tests/AnnotationsToAttributes/Rector/ClassMethod/DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector/Fixture/in_test_trait.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..80b3a76c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/AnnotationsToAttributes/Rector/ClassMethod/DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector/Fixture/in_test_trait.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\AnnotationsToAttributes\Rector\ClassMethod\DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector\Fixture;
+
+trait SomeTestTrait
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider someMethod()
+     */
+    public function test(): void
+    {
+    }
+}
+
+?>
+-----
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\AnnotationsToAttributes\Rector\ClassMethod\DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector\Fixture;
+
+trait SomeTestTrait
+{
+    #[\PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider('someMethod')]
+    public function test(): void
+    {
+    }
+}
+
+?>
diff --git a/rules-tests/AnnotationsToAttributes/Rector/ClassMethod/DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector/Fixture/skip_non_public_trait_method.php.inc b/rules-tests/AnnotationsToAttributes/Rector/ClassMethod/DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector/Fixture/skip_non_public_trait_method.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..907a7df0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/AnnotationsToAttributes/Rector/ClassMethod/DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector/Fixture/skip_non_public_trait_method.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\AnnotationsToAttributes\Rector\ClassMethod\DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector\Fixture;
+
+trait SkipNonPublicTraitMethod
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider someMethod()
+     */
+    protected function test(): void
+    {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rules-tests/AnnotationsToAttributes/Rector/ClassMethod/DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector/Fixture/skip_static_trait_method.php.inc b/rules-tests/AnnotationsToAttributes/Rector/ClassMethod/DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector/Fixture/skip_static_trait_method.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..36f0fbad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules-tests/AnnotationsToAttributes/Rector/ClassMethod/DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector/Fixture/skip_static_trait_method.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\AnnotationsToAttributes\Rector\ClassMethod\DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector\Fixture;
+
+trait SkipStaticTraitMethod
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider someMethod()
+     */
+    public static function test(): void
+    {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rules/AnnotationsToAttributes/Rector/ClassMethod/DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector.php b/rules/AnnotationsToAttributes/Rector/ClassMethod/DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector.php
index 51d8a6e5..1dced7a3 100644
--- a/rules/AnnotationsToAttributes/Rector/ClassMethod/DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector.php
+++ b/rules/AnnotationsToAttributes/Rector/ClassMethod/DataProviderAnnotationToAttributeRector.php
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\ClassMethod;
 use PHPStan\PhpDocParser\Ast\PhpDoc\GenericTagValueNode;
 use PHPStan\PhpDocParser\Ast\PhpDoc\PhpDocTagNode;
-use PHPStan\Reflection\ClassReflection;
 use PHPStan\Reflection\ReflectionProvider;
 use Rector\BetterPhpDocParser\PhpDoc\DoctrineAnnotationTagValueNode;
 use Rector\BetterPhpDocParser\PhpDocInfo\PhpDocInfo;
@@ -20,7 +19,6 @@
 use Rector\PHPUnit\Enum\PHPUnitAttribute;
 use Rector\PHPUnit\NodeAnalyzer\TestsNodeAnalyzer;
 use Rector\Rector\AbstractRector;
-use Rector\Reflection\ReflectionResolver;
 use Rector\ValueObject\PhpVersion;
 use Rector\VersionBonding\Contract\ComposerPackageConstraintInterface;
 use Rector\VersionBonding\Contract\MinPhpVersionInterface;
@@ -37,7 +35,6 @@ public function __construct(
         private readonly TestsNodeAnalyzer $testsNodeAnalyzer,
         private readonly PhpAttributeGroupFactory $phpAttributeGroupFactory,
         private readonly PhpDocTagRemover $phpDocTagRemover,
-        private readonly ReflectionResolver $reflectionResolver,
         private readonly DocBlockUpdater $docBlockUpdater,
         private readonly PhpDocInfoFactory $phpDocInfoFactory,
         private readonly ReflectionProvider $reflectionProvider
@@ -126,15 +123,6 @@ public function refactor(Node $node): ?Node
             return null;
         }
 
-        $classReflection = $this->reflectionResolver->resolveClassReflection($node);
-        if (! $classReflection instanceof ClassReflection) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        if (! $classReflection->isClass()) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
         foreach ($desiredTagValueNodes as $desiredTagValueNode) {
             if (! $desiredTagValueNode->value instanceof GenericTagValueNode && ! $desiredTagValueNode->value instanceof DoctrineAnnotationTagValueNode) {
                 continue;
diff --git a/src/NodeAnalyzer/TestsNodeAnalyzer.php b/src/NodeAnalyzer/TestsNodeAnalyzer.php
index b6cc8d8f..cf3d2790 100644
--- a/src/NodeAnalyzer/TestsNodeAnalyzer.php
+++ b/src/NodeAnalyzer/TestsNodeAnalyzer.php
@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ public function isInTestClass(Node $node): bool
             return false;
         }
 
+        // traits have no parent, so the test case check below can never match them
+        if ($classReflection->isTrait()) {
+            return $this->isInTestTrait($classReflection, $node);
+        }
+
         return array_any(
             PHPUnitClassName::TEST_CLASSES,
             fn (string $testCaseObjectClass): bool => $classReflection->is($testCaseObjectClass)
@@ -83,6 +88,45 @@ public function isAssertMethodCallName(Node $node, string $name): bool
         return $this->nodeNameResolver->isName($node->name, $name);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Test traits live next to the test cases that use them, so the namespace is the main hint.
+     * Only public non-static methods can be test methods, and a "test" prefixed one is a test
+     * method even outside a tests namespace.
+     */
+    private function isInTestTrait(ClassReflection $classReflection, Node $node): bool
+    {
+        if (! $node instanceof ClassMethod) {
+            return $this->isInTestsNamespace($classReflection);
+        }
+
+        if (! $node->isPublic()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($node->isStatic()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->isInTestsNamespace($classReflection)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return str_starts_with($node->name->toString(), 'test');
+    }
+
+    private function isInTestsNamespace(ClassReflection $classReflection): bool
+    {
+        $nameParts = explode('\\', $classReflection->getName());
+
+        // drop the short trait name, only the namespace matters here
+        array_pop($nameParts);
+
+        return array_any(
+            $nameParts,
+            static fn (string $namePart): bool => in_array($namePart, ['Test', 'Tests'], true)
+        );
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param string[] $names
      */