diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
index 7c9ff784df6..12e0abc1839 100644
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ tests/FileFormatter/ValueObject/Fixture/composer_carriage_return_line_feed.json
 # for 3rd party packages working with rector/rector-src as dependency
 rules-tests export-ignore
 tests export-ignore
+phpunit-tia.php export-ignore
diff --git a/composer-dependency-analyser.php b/composer-dependency-analyser.php
index 9b360269026..a104d836fcb 100644
--- a/composer-dependency-analyser.php
+++ b/composer-dependency-analyser.php
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
     ->addPathToScan('bin', false)
     // prepared test tooling
     ->ignoreErrorsOnPackage('phpunit/phpunit', [ErrorType::DEV_DEPENDENCY_IN_PROD])
+    ->ignoreErrorsOnPackage('jasonmccreary/phpunit-tia', [ErrorType::DEV_DEPENDENCY_IN_PROD])
     // pinned v3.x version
     ->ignoreErrorsOnPackage('react/promise', [ErrorType::UNUSED_DEPENDENCY])
     // ensure use version ^3.2.0
diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index dd8901d5d78..5463ed743eb 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
         "webmozart/assert": "^2.4"
     },
     "require-dev": {
+        "jasonmccreary/phpunit-tia": "^0.1.1",
         "nette/robot-loader": "^4.1",
         "php-parallel-lint/php-parallel-lint": "^1.4",
         "phpstan/extension-installer": "^1.4",
diff --git a/phpunit-tia.php b/phpunit-tia.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2bbd2584ed4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpunit-tia.php
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+use Rector\Tests\Tia\FixtureResolver;
+
+return [
+    'resolvers' => [FixtureResolver::class],
+];
diff --git a/phpunit.xml b/phpunit.xml
index 37c4eb12d7f..739b4ef8f26 100644
--- a/phpunit.xml
+++ b/phpunit.xml
@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@
         </testsuite>
     </testsuites>
 
+    <!-- test impact analysis: only re-run tests hit by changed files, requires pcov/xdebug to record -->
+    <extensions>
+        <bootstrap class="JMac\Testing\PhpUnit\Tia\Extension">
+            <parameter name="storage" value="global"/>
+        </bootstrap>
+    </extensions>
+
     <php>
         <ini name="memory_limit" value="-1"/>
     </php>
diff --git a/src/Testing/PHPUnit/AbstractLazyTestCase.php b/src/Testing/PHPUnit/AbstractLazyTestCase.php
index 3fc41dd2e3a..11a13553d07 100644
--- a/src/Testing/PHPUnit/AbstractLazyTestCase.php
+++ b/src/Testing/PHPUnit/AbstractLazyTestCase.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 namespace Rector\Testing\PHPUnit;
 
+use JMac\Testing\PhpUnit\Tia\Traits\RunWithTia;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 use PHPUnit\Runner\Version;
 use Rector\Config\RectorConfig;
@@ -11,10 +12,17 @@
 
 abstract class AbstractLazyTestCase extends TestCase
 {
+    // skips tests unaffected by the changed files, based on the recorded coverage graph
+    use RunWithTia {
+        RunWithTia::setUp as tiaSetUp;
+    }
+
     protected static ?RectorConfig $rectorConfig = null;
 
     protected function setUp(): void
     {
+        $this->tiaSetUp();
+
         // this is needed to have always the same preloaded nikic/php-parser classes
         // in both bare AbstractLazyTestCase lazy tests and AbstractRectorTestCase tests
         $this->includePreloadFilesAndScoperAutoload();
diff --git a/tests/Tia/FixtureResolver.php b/tests/Tia/FixtureResolver.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..994786dc7c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Tia/FixtureResolver.php
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Rector\Tests\Tia;
+
+use JMac\Testing\PhpUnit\Tia\Contracts\Resolver;
+
+/**
+ * Test impact analysis maps a changed file to a test via the recorded coverage graph. Fixture files
+ * never appear in that graph: "*.php.inc" is not executed code, and "Source/" or "Expected/" files are
+ * loaded by reflection, not by the test itself. Without this resolver, a fixture-only change would look
+ * like it affects nothing and the test would be skipped as unaffected.
+ *
+ * Every changed file below a test directory is therefore mapped to the closest test class above it.
+ */
+final class FixtureResolver implements Resolver
+{
+    /**
+     * @var string[]
+     */
+    private const TEST_DIRECTORIES = ['tests/', 'rules-tests/', 'utils/phpstan/tests/'];
+
+    /**
+     * @return list<string>
+     */
+    public function resolve(string $projectRoot, string $changedRelativePath): array
+    {
+        if (! $this->isInTestDirectory($changedRelativePath)) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        $rootDirectory = rtrim(str_replace('\\', '/', $projectRoot), '/');
+        $directory = dirname($rootDirectory . '/' . $changedRelativePath);
+
+        while (str_starts_with($directory . '/', $rootDirectory . '/') && $directory !== $rootDirectory) {
+            $testFilePaths = glob($directory . '/*Test.php');
+
+            if ($testFilePaths !== false && $testFilePaths !== []) {
+                return array_values($testFilePaths);
+            }
+
+            $directory = dirname($directory);
+        }
+
+        return [];
+    }
+
+    private function isInTestDirectory(string $changedRelativePath): bool
+    {
+        foreach (self::TEST_DIRECTORIES as $testDirectory) {
+            if (str_starts_with($changedRelativePath, $testDirectory)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Tia/FixtureResolverTest.php b/tests/Tia/FixtureResolverTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fb51bfcdd87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Tia/FixtureResolverTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Rector\Tests\Tia;
+
+use Nette\Utils\FileSystem;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class FixtureResolverTest extends TestCase
+{
+    private string $projectRoot;
+
+    private FixtureResolver $fixtureResolver;
+
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        $this->projectRoot = sys_get_temp_dir() . '/rector_tia_fixture_resolver';
+
+        FileSystem::delete($this->projectRoot);
+
+        foreach ([
+            'rules-tests/SomeSet/Rector/If_/SomeRector/SomeRectorTest.php',
+            'rules-tests/SomeSet/Rector/If_/SomeRector/Fixture/some_fixture.php.inc',
+            'rules-tests/SomeSet/Rector/If_/SomeRector/Fixture/nested/deep_fixture.php.inc',
+            'rules-tests/SomeSet/Rector/If_/SomeRector/Source/SomeSource.php',
+            'rules-tests/SomeSet/Rector/If_/WithoutTestRector/Fixture/orphan.php.inc',
+            'src/SomeService.php',
+        ] as $relativeFilePath) {
+            FileSystem::write($this->projectRoot . '/' . $relativeFilePath, '');
+        }
+
+        $this->fixtureResolver = new FixtureResolver();
+    }
+
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        FileSystem::delete($this->projectRoot);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param string[] $expectedRelativeFilePaths
+     */
+    #[DataProvider('provideData')]
+    public function testResolve(string $changedRelativePath, array $expectedRelativeFilePaths): void
+    {
+        $resolvedFilePaths = $this->fixtureResolver->resolve($this->projectRoot, $changedRelativePath);
+
+        $expectedFilePaths = array_map(
+            fn (string $relativeFilePath): string => $this->projectRoot . '/' . $relativeFilePath,
+            $expectedRelativeFilePaths
+        );
+
+        $this->assertSame($expectedFilePaths, $resolvedFilePaths);
+    }
+
+    public static function provideData(): iterable
+    {
+        $testFilePath = 'rules-tests/SomeSet/Rector/If_/SomeRector/SomeRectorTest.php';
+
+        yield 'fixture file resolves to the sibling test' => [
+            'rules-tests/SomeSet/Rector/If_/SomeRector/Fixture/some_fixture.php.inc',
+            [$testFilePath],
+        ];
+
+        yield 'nested fixture file walks up to the test' => [
+            'rules-tests/SomeSet/Rector/If_/SomeRector/Fixture/nested/deep_fixture.php.inc',
+            [$testFilePath],
+        ];
+
+        yield 'source file resolves to the sibling test' => [
+            'rules-tests/SomeSet/Rector/If_/SomeRector/Source/SomeSource.php',
+            [$testFilePath],
+        ];
+
+        yield 'test file itself resolves to itself' => [$testFilePath, [$testFilePath]];
+
+        yield 'fixture without any test above it resolves to nothing' => [
+            'rules-tests/SomeSet/Rector/If_/WithoutTestRector/Fixture/orphan.php.inc',
+            [],
+        ];
+
+        yield 'file outside test directories is ignored' => ['src/SomeService.php', []];
+    }
+}