Update whitepaper.md

Author: mattjhawken

whitepaper.md

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
-## Smartnodes: A Modular Decentralized Resource Sharing Network
-###### Version 0.1 (under active development)
-###### Date: Oct 2025
+# Smartnodes: A Modular Decentralized Resource Sharing Network
+###### Version 0.1 Oct 2025 (under active development) 
 
 ---
 
 ### Table of Contents
-1. [Abstract](#abstract)
-2. [Introduction](#1-introduction)
-3. [P2P Architecture](#2-peer-to-peer-architecture)
+0. [Abstract](#abstract)
+1. [Introduction](#1-introduction)
+2. [Architecture Overview](#2-architecture-overview)
+   - 2.1 [Peer-to-Peer Framework](#21-peer-to-peer-framework)
+   - 2.2 [Smart Contract System](#22-smart-contract-system)
+   - 2.3 [Tokenomics](#23-tokenomics)
 
 ---
 
@@ -35,12 +37,78 @@ Helium's decentralized 5G and IoT networks, which have created global wireless c
 crowd-sourced mapping initiatives that utilize custom dash-cam equipment to generate comprehensive street-level geographic data.
 
 Building upon these foundational concepts, Smartnodes advances the DePIN paradigm by establishing a versatile platform that enables 
-the creation of multiple specialized networks for compute sharing and hardware utilization. It combines a smart contract system for 
-rewards, reputation, and governance with a standardized node framework that simplifies secure P2P resource sharing. Rather than 
-focusing on a single use case, Smartnodes provides the infrastructure and tools to build diverse resource-sharing applications 
-tailored to specific computational needs and hardware capabilities. This creates an ecosystem where token rewards flow only to 
-networks that generate user demand, ensuring the network and native token continue to derive value from real utility.
+the creation of multiple specialized networks for compute sharing and hardware utilization. Rather than focusing on a single use case, 
+Smartnodes provides the infrastructure and tools to build diverse resource-sharing applications tailored to specific computational needs 
+and hardware capabilities. This creates an ecosystem where token rewards flow only to networks that generate user demand, ensuring the 
+network and native token continue to derive value from real utility.
 
-## 2. Peer-to-Peer Architecture
+## 2. Architecture Overview
 
-Smartnodes provides a Python-based node framework for building decentralized physical infrastructure (DePIN) networks. 
+Smartnodes combines a smart contract system for rewards, reputation, and governance with a standardized node framework that simplifies 
+secure peer-to-peer (P2P) resource sharing. This design optimizes for both scalability and security, enabling high-throughput computational 
+workloads while maintaining security and economic incentives through blockchain infrastructure.
+
+### 2.1 Peer-to-Peer Framework
+
+Smartnodes provides a Python-based node framework that handles all essential components for building resource-sharing networks. At the core 
+of this is the smartnode python library, which manages data transmission between network participants, implements smart contract-secured 
+handshakes for validator authentication, and maintains distributed data storage through Kademlia-inspired distributed hash tables. This 
+ensures data availability, storage, and replication across the network without relying on centralized infrastructure. 
+
+The network defines three distinct participant types, each serving specific functions within the ecosystem:
+
+#### Validators
+Validators operate across all peer-to-peer networks and serve as the critical coordination layer. They provide API access to network 
+resources, maintain network data integrity, and facilitate interactions between users and workers. Beyond these coordination functions, 
+validators conduct proof-of-work verification on completed tasks and aggregate off-chain data for on-chain updates, including job 
+completions and worker contributions. Since validators commit reward distributions and job completions on-chain, they maintain the 
+active off-chain networks, and additions to the validator node framework can dynamically add and remove networks as needed.
+
+#### Workers
+Workers are specialized nodes that execute computational tasks for users. They maintain continuous availability for job assignment and 
+ensure efficient completion of user requests through validator coordination. The worker framework is designed to be flexible, allowing 
+modifications to accommodate different job types and endpoint hardware configurations. 
+
+#### Users
+Users interact with the network to access computational resources by submitting job requests through validators and establishing direct 
+connections with workers for task execution. This architecture enables users to access pooled computational resources across the network without managing infrastructure directly.
+
+Specialized networks built with these smart nodes cater to specific use cases, ranging from AI training to scientific computing. The modular 
+design allows worker node configurations and job monitoring components to be modified to fit different job types and hardware requirements, 
+enabling the platform to support diverse computational workloads without sacrificing efficiency or security.
+
+The network implements comprehensive security measures to maintain service quality across all operations. Validators continuously monitor 
+workers during task completion, with each network implementing custom proof-of-work verification and behavior monitoring tailored to its 
+specific requirements. All network participants possess cryptographic key pairs that link their off-chain identity to smart contract interactions, 
+ensuring authentic connections to reputable nodes and maintaining interaction security throughout the network. The system plans to implement 
+on-chain reputation updates for both workers and validators to maintain quality standards over time. Users can request fault-tolerant queries or 
+jobs through pipeline or worker replication, with potential future capabilities to route fault-tolerant queries on-chain, much like an oracle 
+does. 
+
+The off-chain aggregation process enables efficient data collection while maintaining decentralization. Validators collect and verify network data 
+over defined periods, with random selection of validators each period to submit proposals on-chain containing this aggregated data. All validators 
+then vote on submitted proposals, and the first proposal to receive 66% of active validator votes passes, triggering on-chain reward distribution 
+for workers and validators. This mechanism balances efficiency with decentralized consensus, ensuring that network state updates reflect accurate 
+off-chain activity.
+
+### 2.2 Smart Contract System
+
+Smart contracts handle payments, reputation updates, and governance decisions, providing immutable records and dispute resolution mechanisms. These contracts are deployed on Base, an Ethereum Layer 2 scaling solution that provides the scalability necessary for high-frequency network operations while maintaining security through Ethereum's established infrastructure. The ecosystem consists of four main contracts that work together to coordinate network operations.
+
+The SmartnodesCoordinator serves as a multi-signature contract controlled by collateralized validators that coordinate the updating of job information, worker participation, and rewards. At testnet launch, participation requires 1,000,000 SNO tokens as collateral, though this requirement is subject to adjustment based on network conditions and governance decisions. The Coordinator implements a periodically rotating validator set for enhanced security, preventing long-term capture of coordination functions by any single group. Its proposal creation and voting mechanism enables efficient off-chain data aggregation while maintaining decentralized consensus through a 66% approval threshold for state updates. When validators create proposals containing aggregated off-chain data including job completions, worker performance metrics, and network health indicators, other validators vote on the integrity of these proposals. Successful proposals that achieve greater than 66% approval trigger updates to the Core contract and automated token reward distribution to participating validators and workers.
+
+The SmartnodesCore contract serves as the central repository for network state and access control mechanisms. It stores node credentials and reputation scores, enabling the network to maintain quality standards through transparent performance tracking. The Core contract implements access control for peer-to-peer communications, ensuring that only verified and reputable nodes can participate in sensitive network operations. Additionally, it processes job requests for large-scale computational tasks, coordinating resource allocation across the distributed network.
+
+The SmartnodesERC20 contract implements the standard ERC-20 token interface to facilitate network payments and incentives. Reward claims are processed through a Merkle proof claiming mechanism during Coordinator state updates, enabling efficient distribution of rewards to large numbers of participants without excessive gas costs. The token serves multiple functions within the ecosystem, including payment processing for network services, validator collateral management to ensure accountability, block reward distribution to incentivize continued participation, and governance participation through the SmartnodesDAO.
+
+The SmartnodesDAO enables decentralized governance for network upgrades and parameter adjustments, ensuring that the network can adapt to changing conditions and community needs without centralized control. Governance capabilities include fine-tuning of economic and technical parameters such as state update intervals and staking requirements, as well as upgrade capabilities for Core or Coordinator contracts. While the token contract is immutable to ensure economic predictability, the current testnet implementation allows Core contract upgrades to facilitate iterative development. Voting power within the DAO is proportional to token holdings, aligning governance influence with economic stake in the network's success.
+
+### 2.3 Tokenomics
+
+Smartnodes implements a carefully designed tokenomics model to ensure fair distribution and sustainable participant incentives. Reward emissions begin upon testnet launch, with any claimed rewards eligible for claiming on mainnet following the network's production deployment. This approach allows early participants to earn rewards while helping test and secure the network before full mainnet launch.
+
+Rewards are emitted periodically and follow a yearly 40% reduction in the emission rate until reaching a tail emission. This emission schedule was chosen to balance early participant rewards with long-term sustainability, ensuring continued incentives for network participants to operate nodes even when processing free jobs. The declining emission rate prevents excessive inflation while maintaining sufficient rewards to attract and retain network participants as the platform matures.
+
+The initial token distribution allocates tokens to genesis nodes, with each genesis node receiving the minimum collateral requirement for validator operation. The three genesis nodes each receive 1,000,000 SNO tokens, totaling 3,000,000 SNO in the initial distribution. This genesis allocation bootstraps the network with sufficient validator capacity to handle initial coordination and consensus functions.
+
+State update rewards begin at 128 tokens per state update, with updates occurring at minimum 5-minute intervals. This reward structure compensates validators for their coordination work and the computational resources required to aggregate off-chain data and maintain network state. The emission rate reduces by 40% every approximately 12 months, gradually decreasing the inflation rate as the network matures and transaction fees potentially supplement validator income. After the series of reduction periods, the emission rate reaches a tail emission of 2 tokens per state update, representing approximately 1.39% annual inflation. This tail emission ensures perpetual incentives for network participation while maintaining a predictable long-term token supply trajectory. The emission model creates a balanced economic environment that rewards active network participation during the growth phase while transitioning to sustainable long-term incentives that preserve token value for all stakeholders.