diff --git a/ctis/instruments/_instruments.py b/ctis/instruments/_instruments.py
index 6d02cf0..748a579 100644
--- a/ctis/instruments/_instruments.py
+++ b/ctis/instruments/_instruments.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class AbstractInstrument(
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def image(
         self,
-        scene: na.AbstractScalar,
+        scene: na.AbstractScalar | na.AbstractFunctionArray,
         integrate: bool = True,
         noise: bool = True,
     ) -> na.FunctionArray[na.SpectralPositionalVectorArray, na.AbstractScalar]:
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def image(
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def backproject(
         self,
-        image: na.AbstractScalar,
+        image: na.AbstractScalar | na.AbstractFunctionArray,
         integrate: bool = True,
     ) -> na.FunctionArray[na.SpectralPositionalVectorArray, na.AbstractScalar]:
         """
@@ -233,11 +233,18 @@ def _energy_per_photon(self) -> u.Quantity | na.AbstractScalar:
 
     def image(
         self,
-        scene: na.AbstractScalar,
+        scene: na.AbstractScalar | na.AbstractFunctionArray,
         integrate: bool = True,
         noise: bool = True,
     ) -> na.FunctionArray[na.SpectralPositionalVectorArray, na.AbstractScalar]:
 
+        if isinstance(scene, na.AbstractFunctionArray):
+            if not np.all(scene.inputs == self.coordinates_scene):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "`scene.inputs` and `self.coordinates_scene` are not equal."
+                )
+            scene = scene.outputs
+
         values_input = scene * self._volume_scene
 
         values_input = values_input / self._energy_per_photon
@@ -279,10 +286,17 @@ def image(
 
     def backproject(
         self,
-        image: na.AbstractScalar,
+        image: na.AbstractScalar | na.AbstractFunctionArray,
         integrate: bool = True,
     ) -> na.FunctionArray[na.SpectralPositionalVectorArray, na.AbstractScalar]:
 
+        if isinstance(image, na.AbstractFunctionArray):
+            if not np.all(image.inputs.position == self.coordinates_sensor.position):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "`image.inputs` and `self.coordinates_sensor` are not equal."
+                )
+            image = image.outputs
+
         coordinates = self.coordinates_scene
 
         axis_wavelength = self.axis_wavelength
@@ -514,7 +528,7 @@ def weights_transpose(self):
 
     def image(
         self,
-        scene: na.AbstractScalar,
+        scene: na.AbstractScalar | na.AbstractFunctionArray,
         integrate: bool = True,
         noise: bool = True,
     ) -> na.FunctionArray[na.SpectralPositionalVectorArray, na.AbstractScalar]:
@@ -529,7 +543,7 @@ def image(
 
     def backproject(
         self,
-        image: na.AbstractScalar,
+        image: na.AbstractScalar | na.AbstractFunctionArray,
         integrate: bool = True,
     ) -> na.FunctionArray[na.SpectralPositionalVectorArray, na.AbstractScalar]:
 
diff --git a/ctis/instruments/_instruments_test.py b/ctis/instruments/_instruments_test.py
index 0f64c44..0e06ff1 100644
--- a/ctis/instruments/_instruments_test.py
+++ b/ctis/instruments/_instruments_test.py
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class AbstractTestAbstractInstrument(
     def test_image(
         self,
         a: ctis.instruments.AbstractInstrument,
-        scene: na.AbstractScalar,
+        scene: na.AbstractScalar | na.AbstractFunctionArray,
     ):
         result = a.image(scene)
         assert np.all(result.inputs.position == coordinates_sensor.position)
@@ -79,20 +79,23 @@ def test_image(
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         argnames="image",
         argvalues=[
-            instrument_ideal.image(gaussians.outputs, noise=False).outputs,
+            instrument_ideal.image(gaussians, noise=False),
         ],
     )
     def test_backproject(
         self,
         a: ctis.instruments.AbstractInstrument,
-        image: na.AbstractScalar,
+        image: na.AbstractScalar | na.AbstractFunctionArray,
     ):
         result = a.backproject(image)
 
         assert np.all(result.inputs == coordinates_scene)
         assert result.outputs.sum() > 0
 
-        image_check = a.image(result.outputs, noise=False).outputs
+        if isinstance(image, na.AbstractFunctionArray):
+            image = image.outputs
+
+        image_check = a.image(result, noise=False).outputs
 
         assert np.allclose(image.sum(), image_check.sum())
 
diff --git a/docs/tutorials/ideal-instrument.ipynb b/docs/tutorials/ideal-instrument.ipynb
index 8b5b955..708ae7d 100644
--- a/docs/tutorials/ideal-instrument.ipynb
+++ b/docs/tutorials/ideal-instrument.ipynb
@@ -501,9 +501,7 @@
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "image = instrument.image(scene.outputs, integrate=False)"
-   ]
+   "source": "image = instrument.image(scene, integrate=False)"
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "raw",
@@ -602,9 +600,7 @@
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "image_sum = instrument.image(scene.outputs)"
-   ]
+   "source": "image_sum = instrument.image(scene)"
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "raw",
@@ -633,9 +629,7 @@
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "backprojected = instrument.backproject(image_sum.outputs)"
-   ]
+   "source": "backprojected = instrument.backproject(image_sum)"
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "raw",
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 3e5a422..cfbf262 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -47,3 +47,10 @@ Documentation = "https://ctis.readthedocs.io/en/latest"
 packages = ["ctis"]
 
 [tool.setuptools_scm]
+
+[tool.coverage.report]
+exclude_also = [
+    "return NotImplemented",
+    "raise ValueError",
+    "raise NotImplementedError",
+]