[CSRanking] Specify whether specialization check allows missing conformances or not

We have two places where `CompareDeclSpecializationRequest` is used:

- A performance optimization that compares two generic overloads;
- Solution ranking that checks all of the selected overloads against
  another solution.

The former can allow missing conformances and shouldn't prevent
the solver from checking overloads that differ on `Sendable`
(because there is no information about what is passed as arguments)
but the latter, since it has a solution, should prefer Sendable
overloads over non-Sendable ones if possible
(i.e. `init<T: Sendable>(_: T)` is a subtype of `init<T>(_: T)`).

(cherry picked from commit e24d18c)

Author: xedin

include/swift/AST/TypeCheckRequests.h

@@ -2575,7 +2575,8 @@ class SynthesizeDefaultInitRequest
 
 class CompareDeclSpecializationRequest
     : public SimpleRequest<CompareDeclSpecializationRequest,
-                           bool(DeclContext *, ValueDecl *, ValueDecl *, bool),
+                           bool(DeclContext *, ValueDecl *, ValueDecl *, bool,
+                                bool),
                            RequestFlags::Cached> {
 public:
   using SimpleRequest::SimpleRequest;
@@ -2584,9 +2585,9 @@ class CompareDeclSpecializationRequest
   friend SimpleRequest;
 
   // Evaluation.
-  bool evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator, DeclContext *DC,
-                ValueDecl *VD1, ValueDecl *VD2,
-                bool dynamic) const;
+  bool evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator, DeclContext *DC, ValueDecl *VD1,
+                ValueDecl *VD2, bool dynamic,
+                bool allowMissingConformances) const;
 
 public:
   // Caching.

include/swift/AST/TypeCheckerTypeIDZone.def

@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ SWIFT_REQUEST(TypeChecker, ClassAncestryFlagsRequest,
 SWIFT_REQUEST(TypeChecker, IDEInspectionFileRequest,
               SourceFile *(ModuleDecl *), Cached, NoLocationInfo)
 SWIFT_REQUEST(TypeChecker, CompareDeclSpecializationRequest,
-              bool (DeclContext *, ValueDecl *, ValueDecl *, bool), Cached,
-              NoLocationInfo)
+              bool (DeclContext *, ValueDecl *, ValueDecl *, bool, bool),
+              Cached, NoLocationInfo)
 SWIFT_REQUEST(TypeChecker, ConditionalRequirementsRequest,
               ArrayRef<Requirement> (NormalProtocolConformance *),
               Cached, NoLocationInfo)

lib/Sema/CSRanking.cpp

@@ -417,16 +417,18 @@ static bool paramIsIUO(const ValueDecl *decl, int paramNum) {
 /// "Specialized" is essentially a form of subtyping, defined below.
 static bool isDeclAsSpecializedAs(DeclContext *dc, ValueDecl *decl1,
                                   ValueDecl *decl2,
-                                  bool isDynamicOverloadComparison = false) {
+                                  bool isDynamicOverloadComparison = false,
+                                  bool allowMissingConformances = true) {
   return evaluateOrDefault(decl1->getASTContext().evaluator,
                            CompareDeclSpecializationRequest{
-                               dc, decl1, decl2, isDynamicOverloadComparison},
+                               dc, decl1, decl2, isDynamicOverloadComparison,
+                               allowMissingConformances},
                            false);
 }
 
 bool CompareDeclSpecializationRequest::evaluate(
     Evaluator &eval, DeclContext *dc, ValueDecl *decl1, ValueDecl *decl2,
-    bool isDynamicOverloadComparison) const {
+    bool isDynamicOverloadComparison, bool allowMissingConformances) const {
   auto &C = decl1->getASTContext();
   // Construct a constraint system to compare the two declarations.
   ConstraintSystem cs(dc, ConstraintSystemOptions());
@@ -759,9 +761,16 @@ bool CompareDeclSpecializationRequest::evaluate(
     // Solve the system.
     auto solution = cs.solveSingle(FreeTypeVariableBinding::Allow);
 
-    // Ban value-to-optional conversions.
-    if (solution && solution->getFixedScore().Data[SK_ValueToOptional] == 0)
-      return completeResult(true);
+    if (solution) {
+      auto score = solution->getFixedScore();
+
+      // Ban value-to-optional conversions and
+      // missing conformances if they are disallowed.
+      if (score.Data[SK_ValueToOptional] == 0 &&
+          (allowMissingConformances ||
+           score.Data[SK_MissingSynthesizableConformance] == 0))
+        return completeResult(true);
+    }
   }
 
   // If the first function has fewer effective parameters than the
@@ -1121,12 +1130,14 @@ SolutionCompareResult ConstraintSystem::compareSolutions(
     bool firstAsSpecializedAs = false;
     bool secondAsSpecializedAs = false;
     if (isDeclAsSpecializedAs(cs.DC, decl1, decl2,
-                              isDynamicOverloadComparison)) {
+                              isDynamicOverloadComparison,
+                              /*allowMissingConformances=*/false)) {
       score1 += weight;
       firstAsSpecializedAs = true;
     }
     if (isDeclAsSpecializedAs(cs.DC, decl2, decl1,
-                              isDynamicOverloadComparison)) {
+                              isDynamicOverloadComparison,
+                              /*allowMissingConformances=*/false)) {
       score2 += weight;
       secondAsSpecializedAs = true;
     }

test/Concurrency/sendable_disambiguation.swift

@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@
 do {
   struct Test {
     init<T: Sendable>(value: T) {}
-    // expected-note@-1 {{found this candidate}}
     init<T>(value: T) {}
-    // expected-note@-1 {{found this candidate}}
   }
 
   struct SendableOnly {
@@ -23,8 +21,7 @@ do {
   }
 
   func testSendable<T: Sendable>(v: T) {
-    _ = Test(value: v)
-    // expected-error@-1 {{ambiguous use of 'init(value:)'}}
+    _ = Test(value: v) // Ok
     _ = SendableOnly(value: v) // Ok
   }
 }