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+# PY4WEB Codebase Guide for AI Coding Agents
+
+## Project Overview
+PY4WEB is a web framework for rapid development of database-driven web applications, evolved from web2py but faster and more modern. Built on PyDAL (database abstraction layer), Ombott (WSGI framework), YATL (templating), and Renoir (template engine).
+
+## Architecture
+
+### Core Components
+- **py4web/core.py** (2200+ lines): Central framework logic including Fixtures, action decorator, session/cache/flash, DAL integration, and CLI commands
+- **py4web/__init__.py**: Exports main API (`action`, `DAL`, `Field`, `Session`, `Cache`, etc.)
+- **py4web/utils/**: Modular utilities (auth, forms, grids, mailer, security, URL signing, etc.)
+- **apps/**: Individual web applications following the app-per-folder convention
+
+### Application Structure (see `apps/_scaffold/`)
+Each app is a Python package with standard files:
+- **__init__.py**: Imports controllers, models, settings; exposes `db` and `scheduler`; must call `py4web.check_compatible()`
+- **controllers.py**: Define actions using `@action` decorator with `.uses()` for fixtures
+- **models.py**: Database table definitions via PyDAL
+- **common.py**: Shared fixtures (db, auth, session, cache, T, flash) instantiated here - import these, don't recreate
+- **settings.py**: App configuration (DB_URI, SESSION_TYPE, VERIFY_EMAIL, etc.)
+- **tasks.py**: Background scheduler tasks (PyDAL Scheduler or Celery)
+- **templates/**: YATL/HTML templates
+- **static/**: CSS/JS/images
+- **databases/**: SQLite files and migration metadata
+
+### Dashboard App (`apps/_dashboard/`)
+Special administrative app with elevated privileges for managing py4web itself. Uses custom authentication (password file, not Auth framework) and can access/modify all app files.
+
+**Key differences from regular apps**:
+- Uses `Logged` fixture instead of `Auth` for authentication
+- Can access files and databases across all applications
+- Password-based login via `password.txt` file
+
+For detailed Dashboard documentation, see `apps/_dashboard/DASHBOARD_GUIDE.md`.
+
+## Critical Patterns
+
+### The Fixture System
+**Fixtures are the backbone** - they manage request lifecycle (db connections, sessions, templates, auth).
+
+```python
+# Correct: Declare ALL fixtures with @action.uses()
+@action("index")
+@action.uses(db, session, auth, T, "index.html")
+def index():
+    return dict(message="Hello")
+```
+
+**WARNING**: Fixtures MUST be declared with `@action.uses()` or app behavior is undefined. Never mix `@action.uses()` with ActionFactory decorators (`authenticated`, `unauthenticated`).
+
+**Fixture Lifecycle**:
+1. `on_request()` - Initialize (get DB connection, load session)
+2. `on_success()` or `on_error()` - Cleanup (commit/rollback DB, save session)
+3. Fixtures use thread-local storage via `Fixture.local`
+
+### Action Decorator Pattern
+```python
+from py4web import action, request, redirect, URL
+from .common import db, session, auth, T
+
+@action("path/to/endpoint")  # Routes to /{app_name}/path/to/endpoint
+@action.uses(db, session, auth.user, T, "template.html")
+def my_action():
+    # auth.user requires logged-in user (raises HTTP 401 if not)
+    user = auth.get_user()
+    # Return dict for templates, or direct response
+    return dict(data=db(db.table).select())
+```
+
+### Database (PyDAL) Integration
+```python
+# In models.py - define tables
+from .common import db, Field
+from pydal.validators import IS_NOT_EMPTY, IS_EMAIL
+
+db.define_table('person',
+    Field('name', requires=IS_NOT_EMPTY()),
+    Field('email', requires=IS_EMAIL()))
+db.commit()  # Always commit models
+
+# In controllers.py - query data
+@action("list")
+@action.uses(db, "list.html")
+def list_people():
+    rows = db(db.person).select()
+    return dict(rows=rows)
+```
+
+**Thread-Safety**: PyDAL Field attributes (`readable`, `writable`, `default`, `requires`, etc.) are ThreadSafeVariable - safe to modify per-request.
+
+### Authentication Flow
+Auth is configured in `common.py`. Standard pattern:
+```python
+from py4web.utils.auth import Auth
+
+auth = Auth(session, db, define_tables=False)
+auth.use_username = True
+auth.param.registration_requires_confirmation = settings.VERIFY_EMAIL
+# Auth defines tables on first use
+auth.enable()  # Call in common.py to create auth_user, auth_group tables
+```
+
+Use fixtures: `auth` (any user), `auth.user` (logged-in only).
+
+## Developer Workflows
+
+### Setup & Run
+```bash
+# Standard installation
+pip install --upgrade py4web
+py4web setup apps        # Creates app scaffolds, sets dashboard password
+py4web run apps          # Runs on localhost:8000
+
+# With uv (recommended)
+uv run --with py4web python 3.12 py4web setup apps
+uv run --with py4web python 3.12 py4web run apps
+
+# Development with auto-reload
+py4web run -p password.txt apps --watch=lazy -L20  # -L20 = INFO logging
+```
+
+### Testing
+```bash
+uv run --python 3.13 --extra test pytest --cov=py4web --cov-report html:cov.html -v tests/
+```
+
+Tests are in `tests/` using pytest. See `tests/test_action.py` for action/fixture testing patterns.
+
+### Creating New Apps
+```bash
+py4web new_app -s apps/myapp  # -s uses _scaffold template
+```
+
+Or copy `apps/_scaffold/` manually. Must import controllers in `__init__.py` to expose actions.
+
+### CLI Commands
+```bash
+py4web setup apps              # Interactive app creation wizard
+py4web set_password            # Set dashboard password
+py4web run apps                # Start server
+py4web shell apps              # Python shell with apps loaded
+py4web routes apps             # Show all registered routes
+py4web version                 # Show version
+```
+
+See `py4web/core.py` lines 1941-2241 for CLI implementation.
+
+## Project Conventions
+
+### Import Patterns
+```python
+# In controllers.py
+from py4web import action, request, response, redirect, abort, URL
+from .common import db, session, auth, T, cache, flash  # Shared fixtures
+from yatl.helpers import A, DIV, SPAN  # HTML helpers
+```
+
+Never instantiate fixtures in controllers - import from `common.py`.
+
+### URL Generation
+```python
+# In controllers
+URL('other_action', vars=dict(id=123))
+# In templates
+[[=URL('action', vars=dict(x=1))]]  # [[ ]] delimiters for YATL
+```
+
+### Template Syntax (YATL)
+- Delimiters: `[[ python code ]]`
+- Helpers auto-imported: `A`, `DIV`, `TABLE`, etc.
+- Context: `request`, `URL`, `__vars__` (returned dict) available
+
+### Session Types
+Configured via `settings.SESSION_TYPE`:
+- `"cookies"` - Client-side (default, good for most)
+- `"database"` - Server-side in DB (requires `DBStore`)
+- `"redis"` - Server-side in Redis
+- `"memcache"` - Server-side in Memcache
+
+### Background Tasks
+PyDAL Scheduler (default) or Celery. In `tasks.py`:
+```python
+from .common import scheduler
+
+def my_task(inputs):
+    # Task logic
+    pass
+
+scheduler.register_task("my_task", my_task)
+scheduler.enqueue_run("my_task", inputs={}, period=60)
+```
+
+## Key Files Reference
+- **py4web.py**: Entry point, calls `py4web.core.cli()`
+- **pyproject.toml**: Dependencies (pydal, ombott, renoir, yatl, etc.), version in `py4web.__init__.__version__`
+- **Makefile**: Build/test commands (`make test`, `make assets`, `make docs`)
+- **apps/_scaffold/**: Template for new apps - study this for patterns
+- **apps/_dashboard/**: Web-based admin interface (edit code, manage DB)
+
+## Common Pitfalls
+1. **Forgetting `@action.uses()`** - Always declare fixtures or db connections won't work
+2. **Creating fixtures in controllers** - Import from `common.py`, don't instantiate
+3. **Not committing models** - Always `db.commit()` at end of `models.py`
+4. **Mixing action styles** - Don't mix `@action`/`@action.uses()` with ActionFactory decorators
+5. **Wrong app loading** - Apps must import controllers in `__init__.py` to register actions
+
+## External Resources
+- Main website: https://py4web.com
+- Documentation: https://py4web.com/_documentation
+- GitHub: https://github.com/web2py/py4web
+- Mailing List: https://groups.google.com/g/py4web
+- Discord: https://discord.gg/xCzQ9KTk3W
+- PyDAL docs: https://py4web.com/_documentation/static/en/chapter-07.html