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‎13区块链/以太坊.md‎

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## Ethereum geth 同步区块的三种模式
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- full：从开始到结束，获取区块的header、body，从创始块开始校验每一个元素，下载所有区块数据信息。速度最慢，获取到所有的历史数据。
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- fast：获取区块的header，获取区块的body，在同步到当前块之前不处理任何事务，不逐一验证，有可能丢失历史数据。
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- light：仅获取当前状态。验证元素需要向full节点发起相应的请求。
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- snap：获取区块的header，获取区块的body，在同步到当前块之前不处理任何事务，不逐一验证，有可能丢失历史数据。
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- light：仅获取当前状态。验证元素需要向full节点发起相应的请求。
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## [以太坊交易信息及event、input、logs、topics等概念机制](https://blog.csdn.net/cljdsc/article/details/121798544)
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### 交易信息
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#### 合约事件
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- `event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value)`
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- 事件名称：Transfer
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- 事件的参数：address, address, uint256
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- 注意：此事件的from和to参数前有indexed标记，value没有indexed标记
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#### 以太坊交易获取
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当上述事件在合约中调用后，我们通过其交易hash获取交易信息。从以太坊得到一条交易信息的方式有两种：
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- eth_getTransactionByHash： ：返回指定交易对应的交易信息。
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```shell
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curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getTransactionByHash","params":["0xae2a33da8396a6bc40e874b0f32b9967113a3dbf071ab1290c44c62d86873d36"],"id":1}' http://127.0.0.1:8545
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```
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```json
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{
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"jsonrpc": "2.0",
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"id": 1,
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"result": {
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"blockHash": "0xb0d0e3b6c5e59b7b3e7e16701f6d6cb0c3c93487415b03839e88b3f7a241c528",
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"from": "0xb8262c6a2dcabd92a77df1d5bd074afd07fc5829",
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"blockNumber": "0xd19505",
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"gasPrice": "0x274daee580",
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"gas": "0x10e3d",
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"maxPriorityFeePerGas": "0x6ccc91d0",
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"maxFeePerGas": "0x2d48ddd9f1",
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"input": "0xa9059cbb000000000000000000000000dac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016512c902",
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"hash": "0xae2a33da8396a6bc40e874b0f32b9967113a3dbf071ab1290c44c62d86873d36",
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"to": "0xdac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7",
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"nonce": "0x14",
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"value": "0x0",
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"transactionIndex": "0x71",
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"accessList": [],
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"type": "0x2",
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"v": "0x1",
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"chainId": "0x1",
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"s": "0x75a485b8c378173a829b27a2e55312311fdb33c68ae65f4c74e5f9cc0a748e0d"
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"r": "0xa1d7455286525df11602aab34e9e8ab21b092e2c7853a0d6beca0dfb2a78b2e8",
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}
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}
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```
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- eth_getTransactionReceipt ：返回指定交易对应的收据信息。
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```json
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{
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"jsonrpc": "2.0",
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"id": 1,
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"result": {
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"blockHash": "0xb0d0e3b6c5e59b7b3e7e16701f6d6cb0c3c93487415b03839e88b3f7a241c528",
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"blockNumber": "0xd19505",
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"contractAddress": null,
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"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x6c847e",
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"effectiveGasPrice": "0x274daee580",
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"from": "0xb8262c6a2dcabd92a77df1d5bd074afd07fc5829",
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"gasUsed": "0xa169",
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"logs": [
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{
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"address": "0xdac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7",
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"topics": [
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"0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef",
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"0x000000000000000000000000b8262c6a2dcabd92a77df1d5bd074afd07fc5829",
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"0x000000000000000000000000dac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7"
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],
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"data": "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016512c902",
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"blockNumber": "0xd19505",
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"transactionHash": "0xae2a33da8396a6bc40e874b0f32b9967113a3dbf071ab1290c44c62d86873d36",
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"transactionIndex": "0x71",
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"blockHash": "0xb0d0e3b6c5e59b7b3e7e16701f6d6cb0c3c93487415b03839e88b3f7a241c528",
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"logIndex": "0xa0",
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"removed": false
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}
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],
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"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000004000000002000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200",
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"status": "0x1",
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"to": "0xdac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7",
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"transactionHash": "0xae2a33da8396a6bc40e874b0f32b9967113a3dbf071ab1290c44c62d86873d36",
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"transactionIndex": "0x71",
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"type": "0x2"
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}
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}
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```
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### input解析
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#### input内容解析
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**若input=0x则为非合约调用，否则为合约方法调用。**
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以合约方法function transfer(address to, uint tokens) 为例;
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input数据分为3个部分：
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第一部分： 4 字节，是方法名的哈希
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例如：`a9059cbb`，具体可参见：以太坊智能合约各方法对应的签名编码
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第二部分： 32字节，以太坊地址，目前以太坊地址是20个字节，高位补0
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例如：`000000000000000000000000abcabcabcabcabcabcabcabcabcabcabcabcabca`
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第三部分：32字节，是需要传输的代币数量，这里是1*10^18 GNT
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例如：`0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de0b6b3a7640000`
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所有这些加在一起就是交易数据：
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`a9059cbb000000000000000000000000abcabcabcabcabcabcabcabcabcabcabcabcabca0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000de0b6b3a7640000`
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#### input处理逻辑
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```javascript
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if(transanctionInput=='0x'){
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// 非合约调用
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return;
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}else{
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retJson['function'] = {'funcName':null,'inputs':null,'outputs':null,'exeResult':null};
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var funcArr = mxxContractABI.filter(function (per) {
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return per.signature == funcHash ;
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});
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if(funcArr!==null&&funcArr.length>0){ // 得到方法名
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if(funcArr[0].hasOwnProperty("name") && funcArr[0].name!==null){
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retJson['function']['funcName'] = funcArr[0].name;
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}
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if(funcArr[0].hasOwnProperty("inputs") && funcArr[0].inputs!==null){
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funcArr[0].inputs.map(function (res) { // 得到方法inputs（输入）
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inputs.push(res.type);
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});
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retJson['function']['inputs'] = inputs;
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}
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if(funcArr[0].hasOwnProperty("outputs")&& funcArr[0].outputs!==null){
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funcArr[0].outputs.map(function (res) {// 得到方法outputs（输出）
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outputs.push(res.type);
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});
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retJson['function']['outputs']= outputs;
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}
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}
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status = transanctionReceipt.status;
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if(status == '0x1'){
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//执行成功
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retJson['function']['exeResult'] = 'Successfully Executed';
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}else {
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retJson['function']['exeResult'] = 'Failed Executed';
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}
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```
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### logs解析
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智能合约通过【事件】来产生【日志】,日志存储的Gas费用要比合约的存储便宜很多（日志每个字节花费8个Gas，而合约存储是每32个字节20000个Gas）。想要通过合约向用户返回数据，则需将数据以事件的形式传给用户，用户拿到transactionReceipt后解析log，log.args.x拿到数据。Input只能拿到调用合约以及function的信息，而不能拿到function运行后内部产生的事件（事件不一定和function拥有相同名称和参数）。
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#### 解析步骤
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1. 取出transactionReceipt中logs。
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2. 取出logs中一条log。
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3. 使用event.js得到transferEvent，然后用transferEvent的decode方法解析log。
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```javascript
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web3SolidityEvent = require('./node_modules/truffle-contract/node_modules/web3/lib/web3/event.js');
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var transferErc20Json = {
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"anonymous": false,
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"inputs": [{
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"indexed": true,
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"name": "from",
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"type": "address"
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}, {
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"indexed": true,
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"name": "to",
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"type": "address"
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}, {
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"indexed": false,
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"name": "value",
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"type": "uint256"
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}],
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"name": "Transfer",
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"type": "event",
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"signature": "0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef"
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};
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var transferEvent = new web3SolidityEvent(null, config.transferErc20Json, null);
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async function processReceiptLogs(transactionReceipt){
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let ethErc20LogRecord = null;
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let logs = transactionReceipt.logs;
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for (let i = 0; i < logs.length; i++) {
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let isContractExists = await redis.contractExists(logs[i].address);
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if (isContractExists === true) {//判断redis中是否存在
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//是否是ERC-20 transfer事件，用topics来判断
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if(logs[i].topics[0] === transferErc20Json.signature){
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var log = await transferEvent.decode(logs[i]);
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logger.debug(prefixOfLogger +'--'+'transferEvent decode result:',log);
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ethErc20LogRecord = {
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txHash: log.transactionHash,
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logIndex: log.logIndex,
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contractAddress: log.address,
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fromAddress: log.args.from ,
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toAddress: log.args.to,
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value: log.args.value.div(Math.pow(10, 18)).toString(),
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data: log.args.data,
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blockNumber: log.blockNumber,
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removed: log.removed
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};
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db.setCreateAndUpdateTime(ethErc20LogRecord);
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let createLogRecord = await tables.EthErc20Log.create(ethErc20LogRecord);
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 合约交易关键字段解释
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>| [getTransactionReceipt返回信息字段详情可参考](https://infura.io/docs/ethereum/json-rpc/eth-getTransactionReceipt)
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```json
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{
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"jsonrpc": "2.0", //RPC版本号，2.0
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"id": 1, //RPC请求编号
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"result": { //调用结果，为交易收据，主要包含如下字段：
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"blockHash": "0xb0d0e3b6c5e59b7b3e7e16701f6d6cb0c3c93487415b03839e88b3f7a241c528", // 区块哈希
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"blockNumber": "0xd19505", // 区块高度
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"contractAddress": null, //合约地址
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"cumulativeGasUsed": "0x6c847e", //当前交易执行后累计花费的gas总值
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"effectiveGasPrice": "0x274daee580", //当前交易预计使用的gas总值
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"from": "0xb8262c6a2dcabd92a77df1d5bd074afd07fc5829", //当前交易发送者的地址
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"gasUsed": "0xa169", //执行当前这个交易单独花费的gas
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"logs": [ //这个交易产生的日志对象数组
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{
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"address": "0xdac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7", //当前交易被调用的合约地址
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"topics": [
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"0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef", //keccak(Transfer(address,address,uint256))， //合约事件签名哈希值，对事件的字符做keccak散列运算
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"0x000000000000000000000000b8262c6a2dcabd92a77df1d5bd074afd07fc5829", //当前交易from的地址
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"0x000000000000000000000000dac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7" //当前交易to的地址
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],
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"data": "0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000016512c902", //包含日志的非索引参数
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"blockNumber": "0xd19505", // 区块高度
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"transactionHash": "0xae2a33da8396a6bc40e874b0f32b9967113a3dbf071ab1290c44c62d86873d36", //交易的哈希值,32字节
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"transactionIndex": "0x71" //交易在区块里面的序号，当交易为pending时为空
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"blockHash": "0xb0d0e3b6c5e59b7b3e7e16701f6d6cb0c3c93487415b03839e88b3f7a241c528",
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"logIndex": "0xa0", //块中日志索引位置的整数，当交易为pending时日志为空。
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"removed": false //当由于链重组而删除日志时，为True。 如果它是一个有效的日志则为False。
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}
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],
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//bloom过滤器，当交易为pending时日志为空
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"logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000004000000002000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200",
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"status": "0x1", //交易事务状态，1(成功)或0(失败)
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"to": "0xdac17f958d2ee523a2206206994597c13d831ec7", //当前交易被调用的合约地址
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"transactionHash": "0xae2a33da8396a6bc40e874b0f32b9967113a3dbf071ab1290c44c62d86873d36", //交易的哈希值,32字节
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"transactionIndex": "0x71", //交易在区块里面的序号，当交易为pending时为空
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"type": "0x2"
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}
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}
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```
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