Update Readme.md

Readme.md

@@ -251,8 +251,29 @@ The archive of release notes on the Beta releases of Elive can be found at http:
 * After Elive initiates, the first Elive menu asking the method of installation will appear. For running Elive from the USB, select Live sessions with Persistence. This method will allow you to run Elive direct from the USB without installing the system on your separate hardware, and Persistence will save your configurations of Elive from session to session.
 
 ### What is BIOS?
+First and foremost BIOS is pronounced by-oss and is sometimes referred to as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS, or PC BIOS
+The word BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System. It is a software that can be located on a memory chip on the motherboard. The BIOS gives the computer instructions to perform some  functions like booting and keyboard control and also configure the hardware in a computer including the hard drive, floppy drive, USB, optical drive, CPU, memory to list a few, it also help in the proccess of trouble shouting. The BIOS is also responsible for the POST (POST stands for "Power On Self Test." It is a diagnostic program built into the computer's hardware to tests different hardware components before the computer boots up. The POST process is run on both Windows and Macintosh computers). reason why it the first software to run when a computer is started (BIOS). The BIOS firmware settings are always saved and recoverable even after power has been removed from the device.
+The BIOS is can be accessed and configured through the it's Setup Utility and is pre-installed before the computer is purchased. Unlike the operating system such as Windows, which needs to be  downloaded or obtained on a disc, and needs to be installed by the user or the manufacturer. 
+
+  ### EFI and UEFI
+Standing for Extensible Firmware Interface, EFI is a recent firmware developed by Intel and introduced with the release of IA-64. EFI's version has improved the fonctions previously available in the BIOS. The EFI specification was made into a general standard known as UEFI. The EFI System Partition (ESP) is the partition on a data storage device (usually a hard disk drive or solid-state drive) that is used by computers to the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI). When a computer is booted (also meaning started), UEFI firmware loads files stored on the ESP to start the installation of the operating systems and other utilities. The ESP needs to be formatted with a file system whose specification is based on the FAT file system and maintained as part of the UEFI specification; so the file system specification can be independent from the original FAT specification. EFI can be used to eliminate the boot loader, that will allow the firmware to select the operating system and at the same time enables vendors to create drivers that cannot be reversed or engineered to contains a small shell. This process can be run at boot and allow a small and manageable working environment without compromising anything on the computer. It has been noticed nowadays that new computers use UEFI firmware instead of the traditional BIOS. Both are still low-level software that starts at the same time as the computer is started at the boot level, but UEFI is a more of a modern solution. It was devellopped in the intention to make the BIOS better. reason why it supports larger hard drives, make the boot proccess go faster, has more security features, and-conveniently-graphics and mouse cursors. There are newer PCs that has the chip with UEFI still refer to as the “BIOS” to avoid confusing people who are used to a traditional PC BIOS, but does not mean that the chip still has the BIOS running. Even if your PC uses the term “BIOS”, modern PCs baught nowadays almost al of them has certainly ship with UEFI firmware instead of the old BIOS.
+
+ * Why the BIOS Is Outdated
+To be clear BIOS has not been labeled bad or wrong, all this new developemnt are only for improuvment. The BIOS has been around for quite a long time, and was not evolving much. Even MS-DOS PCs released in the 1980s still had a BIOS on the ship on the motherboard. But still modification have been made to improve the BIOS along all those years. Some extensions were developed, all in the name of improvment such as ACPI (the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface). This allows the BIOS to more easily configure devices and perform advanced power management functions, like sleep which is not off. But the BIOS hasn’t advanced and improved nearly as much as other PC technology has since the days of MS-DOS. Still The BIOS was experiencing some limitations. For example tt can only boot from drives of 2.1 TB or less, while 3 TB drives are common now, and a computer with a BIOS can’t boot from them. That limitation is due to the way the BIOS’s Master Boot Record system works. The BIOS must run in 16-bit processor mode, and only has 1 MB of space to execute in. It has trouble initializing multiple hardware devices at once, which leads to a slower boot process when initializing all the hardware interfaces and devices on a modern PC. The BIOS was basically crying for replacement or improvment if you want to call it for a very long time. Intel started working on the Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) specification back in 1998. Apple chose EFI when it switched to the Intel architecture on its Macs in 2006, but other PC manufacturers didn’t follow. In 2007, Intel, AMD, Microsoft, and PC manufacturers agreed on a new Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) specification. This is an industry-wide standard managed by the Unified Extended Firmware Interface Forum, and isn’t solely driven by Intel. UEFI support was introduced to Windows with Windows Vista Service Pack 1 and Windows 7. The vast majority of computers you can buy today now use UEFI rather than a traditional BIOS.
+
+   ### Master boot record
+The Master Boot Record (MBR) is a set information located in the first sector of hard disks or diskette that identifies. It has the prepuse of detecting how and where an operating system is located so that it can be boot (loaded) into the computer's main storage or random access memory. The Master Boot Record is also refer to as the "partition sector" or the "master partition table" because it includes a table that locates each partition that the hard disk has been formatted into. The MBR also includes a program that reads the boot sector record of the partition that contains the operating system to be booted into RAM, that record contains a program that loads the rest of the operating system into RAM. The MBR, is the most important data structure on the disk and it is created when the disk is partitioned. it contains a low amount of executable code refer to as the master boot code, the disk signature, and the partition table for the disk. At the end of the MBR there is a 2-byte structure called a signature word or end of sector marker. This sector is always set to 0x55AA. A signature word also represent the end of an extended boot record (EBR) and the boot sector.
+A disk signature is known to be a unique number at offset 0x01B8, that set out the disk to the operating system. Windows 2000 for example uses the disk signature like an index to save and retrieve information about the disk in the registry.
+ * Master Boot Code
+The master boot code runs numerous features like, Scaning the partition table for the active partition; Finding the starting sector of the active partition, Loading a copy of the boot sector from the active partition into memory, Transfering control to the executable code in the boot sector. In case the master boot code is unable to complete any of these activities, the system will be displaying one an error messages like; Invalid partition table; or Error loading operating system; or even Missing operating system
+but there is to say There is no MBR on a floppy disk. The first sector on a floppy disk is the boot sector. Every hard disk contains an MBR, the master boot code is used only if the disk contains the active, primary partition.
+
+ ### GUID partition type
+* What is a GUID Partition Table disk?
+The GUID Partition Table disk architecture was introduced as part of the Extensible Firmware Interface initiative. GUID Partition Table is a new disk architecture that expands on the older Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioning scheme that has been common to Intel-based computers. A partition is a contiguous space of storage on a physical or logical disk that functions as though it were a physically separate disk. Partitions are visible to the system firmware and the installed operating systems. Access to a partition is controlled by the system firmware and the operating system that is currently active.
+* Why do we need GUID Partition Table?
+GUID Partition Table disks can grow to a very large size. In July 2001, the Microsoft implementation supports a hard disk of up to 18 EB (512 KB LBAs). The number of partitions on a GUID Partition Table disk is not constrained by temporary schemes such as container partitions as defined by the MBR Extended Boot Record. The Microsoft implementation of GUID Partition Table is limited to 128 partitions. However, it is important to note that one partition is used for the EFI System Partition, one for the Microsoft Reserved and two more are used if you use dynamic disks. This leaves 124 partitions for data use. The GUID Partition Table disk partition format is well defined and fully self-identifying. Data that is critical to the operating system is located in partitions and not in partitioned or "hidden" sectors. GUID Partition Table does not allow for hidden sectors or partitions. GUID Partition Table disks use primary and backup partition tables for redundancy and CRC32 fields for improved partition data structure integrity. The GUID Partition Table partition format uses version number and size fields for future expansion.Each GUID Partition Table partition has a unique identification GUID and a partition content type, so no coordination is necessary to prevent partition identifier collision. Each GUID Partition Table partition has a 36-character Unicode name, which means that any software can present an easily readable name for the partition without any additional understanding of the partition.
 
-First things first. BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System referred to as BIOS, is software stored on a small memory chip on the motherboard. It give the computer a set of instructions on how to perform some of the basic functions such as booting and keyboard control as well as configure the hardware in a computer including the hard drive, floppy drive, USB, optical drive, CPU, memory to list a few.
 
 ### What is EFI and UEFI?