Representation of German district heating systems as subnodes

Snakefile

@@ -346,6 +346,102 @@ rule build_egon_data:
         "scripts/pypsa-de/build_egon_data.py"
 
 
+rule prepare_district_heating_subnodes:
+    params:
+        district_heating=config_provider("sector", "district_heating"),
+        baseyear=config_provider("scenario", "planning_horizons", 0),
+    input:
+        heating_technologies_nuts3=resources("heating_technologies_nuts3.geojson"),
+        regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"),
+        fernwaermeatlas="data/fernwaermeatlas/fernwaermeatlas.xlsx",
+        cities="data/fernwaermeatlas/cities_geolocations.geojson",
+        lau_regions="data/lau_regions.zip",
+        census=storage(
+            "https://www.zensus2022.de/static/Zensus_Veroeffentlichung/Zensus2022_Heizungsart.zip",
+            keep_local=True,
+        ),
+        osm_land_cover=storage(
+            "https://heidata.uni-heidelberg.de/api/access/datafile/23053?format=original&gbrecs=true",
+            keep_local=True,
+        ),
+        natura=ancient("data/bundle/natura/natura.tiff"),
+        groundwater_depth=storage(
+            "http://thredds-gfnl.usc.es/thredds/fileServer/GLOBALWTDFTP/annualmeans/EURASIA_WTD_annualmean.nc",
+            keep_local=True,
+        ),
+    output:
+        district_heating_subnodes=resources(
+            "district_heating_subnodes_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"
+        ),
+        regions_onshore_extended=resources(
+            "regions_onshore_base-extended_s_{clusters}.geojson"
+        ),
+        regions_onshore_restricted=resources(
+            "regions_onshore_base-restricted_s_{clusters}.geojson"
+        ),
+    resources:
+        mem_mb=20000,
+    script:
+        "scripts/pypsa-de/prepare_district_heating_subnodes.py"
+
+
+def baseyear_value(wildcards):
+    return config_provider("scenario", "planning_horizons", 0)(wildcards)
+
+
+rule add_district_heating_subnodes:
+    params:
+        district_heating=config_provider("sector", "district_heating"),
+        baseyear=config_provider("scenario", "planning_horizons", 0),
+        sector=config_provider("sector"),
+        heat_pump_sources=config_provider(
+            "sector", "heat_pump_sources", "urban central"
+        ),
+        heat_utilisation_potentials=config_provider(
+            "sector", "district_heating", "heat_utilisation_potentials"
+        ),
+        direct_utilisation_heat_sources=config_provider(
+            "sector", "district_heating", "direct_utilisation_heat_sources"
+        ),
+        adjustments=config_provider("adjustments", "sector"),
+    input:
+        unpack(input_heat_source_power),
+        network=resources(
+            "networks/base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc"
+        ),
+        subnodes=resources("district_heating_subnodes_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"),
+        nuts3=resources("nuts3_shapes.geojson"),
+        regions_onshore=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"),
+        fernwaermeatlas="data/fernwaermeatlas/fernwaermeatlas.xlsx",
+        cities="data/fernwaermeatlas/cities_geolocations.geojson",
+        cop_profiles=resources("cop_profiles_base_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc"),
+        direct_heat_source_utilisation_profiles=resources(
+            "direct_heat_source_utilisation_profiles_base_s_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.nc"
+        ),
+        existing_heating_distribution=lambda w: resources(
+            f"existing_heating_distribution_base_s_{{clusters}}_{baseyear_value(w)}.csv"
+        ),
+        lau_regions="data/lau_regions.zip",
+    output:
+        network=resources(
+            "networks/base-extended_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc"
+        ),
+        district_heating_subnodes=resources(
+            "district_heating_subnodes_base_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.geojson"
+        ),
+        existing_heating_distribution_extended=(
+            resources(
+                "existing_heating_distribution_base-extended_s_{clusters}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.csv"
+            )
+            if baseyear_value != "{planning_horizons}"
+            else []
+        ),
+    resources:
+        mem_mb=10000,
+    script:
+        "scripts/pypsa-de/add_district_heating_subnodes.py"
+
+
 ruleorder: modify_district_heat_share > build_district_heat_share
 
 
@@ -481,6 +577,10 @@ rule retrieve_mastr:
 
 
 rule build_existing_chp_de:
+    params:
+        district_heating_subnodes=config_provider(
+            "sector", "district_heating", "subnodes"
+        ),
     input:
         mastr_biomass="data/mastr/bnetza_open_mastr_2023-08-08_B_biomass.csv",
         mastr_combustion="data/mastr/bnetza_open_mastr_2023-08-08_B_combustion.csv",
@@ -489,8 +589,13 @@ rule build_existing_chp_de:
             keep_local=True,
         ),
         regions=resources("regions_onshore_base_s_{clusters}.geojson"),
+        district_heating_subnodes=lambda w: (
+            resources("district_heating_subnodes_base_s_{clusters}.geojson")
+            if config_provider("sector", "district_heating", "subnodes", "enable")(w)
+            else []
+        ),
     output:
-        german_chp=resources("german_chp_{clusters}.csv"),
+        german_chp=resources("german_chp_base_s_{clusters}.csv"),
     log:
         logs("build_existing_chp_de_{clusters}.log"),
     script:

config/config.de.yaml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#run
 run:
-  prefix: 20250507_simple_scenarios
+  prefix: 20250514_dhsubnodes
   name:
   # - ExPol
   - KN2045_Mix
@@ -289,6 +289,23 @@ sector:
       2040: 0.6
       2045: 0.8
       2050: 1.0
+    subnodes:
+      enable: false
+      nlargest: 40
+      census_areas:
+        enable: true
+        min_district_heating_share: 0.01
+        processing:
+          min_area: [10000, 100000, 0, 1000000]
+          buffer_factor: [0.01, 0.05, 0.05, 0]
+      limit_ptes_potential:
+        enable: true
+        limit_mother_nodes: true
+        excluder_resolution: 10
+        osm_landcover_codes: [21, 23, 32, 33]
+        max_groundwater_depth: -10
+        min_area: 10000
+        default_capacity: 4500
   heat_vent:
     urban central: true
     urban decentral: true

config/config.sysgf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2024 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
+
+run:
+  prefix: 20250514_dhsubnodes
+  name:
+  - Baseline
+  # - No_PTES
+  # - LowPTESCAPEX
+  # - HighPTESCAPEX
+  # - LowStandingLosses
+  # - HighStandingLosses
+  # - LowGroundWaterDepth
+  # - HighGroundWaterDepth
+  # - LowEtPRatio
+  # - HighEtPRatio
+  scenarios:
+    enable: true
+    manual_file: config/scenarios.sysgf.yaml
+    file: config/scenarios.automated.yaml
+  shared_resources:
+    policy: base #stops recalculating
+    exclude:
+    - existing_heating.csv   # specify files which should not be shared between scenarios
+    - costs
+    - retrieve_cost   # This is necessary to save retrieve_cost_data_{year}.log in the correct folder
+    - industry_sector_ratios
+    - build_industry_sector_ratios   # This is necessary to save build_industry_sector_ratios_data.log in the correct folder
+    - modify_existing_heating
+
+foresight: myopic
+
+scenario:
+  ll:
+  - vopt
+  clusters:
+  - 27 #current options: 27, 49
+  opts:
+  - ''
+  sector_opts:
+  - none
+  planning_horizons:
+  # - 2020
+  # - 2025
+  # - 2030
+  # - 2035
+  # - 2040
+  - 2045
+
+clustering:
+  temporal:
+    resolution_sector: 365H
+
+adjustments:
+  electricity: false
+  sector:
+    absolute:
+      StorageUnit:
+        urban central water pits:
+          standing_loss: 0.00012121
+        urban central water tanks:
+          standing_loss: 0.00015476
+
+wasserstoff_kernnetz:
+  enable: false
+
+sector:
+  district_heating:
+    potential: 0.5
+    subnodes:
+      enable: true
+    limited_heat_sources:
+      geothermal:
+        ignore_missing_regions: true
+  heat_pump_sources:
+    urban central:
+    - air
+    - geothermal
+    urban decentral:
+    - air
+    rural:
+    - air
+    - ground
+
+solving:
+  constraints:
+    CCL: false
+    EQ: false
+    BAU: false
+    SAFE: false
+    efuel_export_ban: false
+    limits_capacity_max: {}
+    limits_capacity_min: {}
+    limits_volume_max: {}
+    limits_volume_min: {}
+    limits_power_max: {}

config/scenarios.sysgf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+Baseline:
+  foresight: myopic
+  iiasa_database:
+    reference_scenario: KN2045_Mix
+  co2_budget_DE_source: UBA
+
+No_PTES:
+  adjustments:
+    electricity: false
+    sector:
+      absolute:
+        Store:
+          urban central water pits:
+            e_nom_max: 0
+
+LowPTESCAPEX:
+  adjustments:
+    electricity: false
+    sector:
+      factor:
+        Store:
+          urban central water pits:
+            capital_cost: 0.5
+      absolute:
+        Store:
+          urban central water pits:
+            standing_loss: 0.00012121
+          urban central water tanks:
+            standing_loss: 0.00015476
+
+HighPTESCAPEX:
+  adjustments:
+    electricity: false
+    sector:
+      factor:
+        Store:
+          urban central water pits:
+            capital_cost: 2
+      absolute:
+        Store:
+          urban central water pits:
+            standing_loss: 0.00012121
+          urban central water tanks:
+            standing_loss: 0.00015476
+
+LowStandingLosses:
+  adjustments:
+    electricity: false
+    sector:
+      absolute:
+        Store:
+          urban central water pits:
+            standing_loss: 0
+
+HighStandingLosses:
+  adjustments:
+    electricity: false
+    sector:
+      absolute:
+        Store:
+          urban central water pits:
+            standing_loss: 0.0012121
+
+LowGroundWaterDepth:
+  sector:
+    district_heating:
+      subnodes:
+        limit_ptes_potential:
+          max_groundwater_depth: -25
+
+HighGroundWaterDepth:
+  sector:
+    district_heating:
+      subnodes:
+        limit_ptes_potential:
+          max_groundwater_depth: 0
+
+LowEtPRatio:
+  adjustments:
+    electricity: false
+    sector:
+      factor:
+        Link:
+          urban central water pits charger:
+            energy to power ratio: 0.5
+
+HighEtPRatio:
+  adjustments:
+    electricity: false
+    sector:
+      factor:
+        Link:
+          urban central water pits charger:
+            energy to power ratio: 2