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Fix #2495 - Fix PPCA noise variance dilution and null-space leakage in MorphologicalDeviationScore#2496

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Fix #2495 - Fix PPCA noise variance dilution and null-space leakage in MorphologicalDeviationScore#2496
akenmorris wants to merge 2 commits intomasterfrom
amorris/2495-ppca

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The PPCA noise variance divides by (d - q) instead of (rank - q), where d includes ~5950 structurally zero dimensions from the null space (e.g. for 2048 particles). This dilutes the estimate ~34× (scales linearly with particle count). The Woodbury-based precision matrix then applies this diluted 1/o^2 to all d dimensions including the null space, so most of the score is coming from insignificant and noise dimensions.

  • Correct denominator to (rank - q) — average only over estimable eigenvalues
  • Project into the rank-dimensional subspace instead of building a d × d precision matrix, eliminating null-space contributions entirely

…n MorphologicalDeviationScore

The PPCA noise variance divides by (d - q) instead of (rank - q),
where d includes ~5950 structurally zero dimensions from the null
space (e.g. for 2048 particles). This dilutes the estimate ~34×
(scales linearly with particle count). The Woodbury-based precision
matrix then applies this diluted 1/o^2 to all d dimensions including
the null space, so most of the score is coming from insignificant and
noise dimensions.

- Correct denominator to (rank - q) — average only over estimable eigenvalues
- Project into the rank-dimensional subspace instead of building a d ×
  d precision matrix, eliminating null-space contributions entirely
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