1279 minor additions to how infections work

[DavidKerkmann]

Changes and Information

Please briefly list the changes (main added features, changed items, or corrected bugs) made:

• Add InfectionRateFromViralShed parameter
• Rename infectivity functionality to viral shed functionality
• Removed distributions from viral shed parameters; this is not required to have
• Rework infection setup, initial stay duration is now drawn randomly when initialized somewhere in the middle of the infection

If need be, add additional information and what the reviewer should look out for in particular:

Merge Request - Guideline Checklist

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Checks by code author

• Every addressed issue is linked (use the "Closes #ISSUE" keyword below)
• New code adheres to coding guidelines
• No large data files have been added (files should in sum not exceed 100 KB, avoid PDFs, Word docs, etc.)
• Tests are added for new functionality and a local test run was successful (with and without OpenMP)
• Appropriate documentation for new functionality has been added (Doxygen in the code and explanations in the online documentation)
• Proper attention to licenses, especially no new third-party software with conflicting license has been added
• (For ABM development) Checked benchmark results and ran and posted a local test above from before and after development to ensure performance is monitored.

Checks by code reviewer(s)

• Corresponding issue(s) is/are linked and addressed
• Code is clean of development artifacts (no deactivated or commented code lines, no debugging printouts, etc.)
• Appropriate unit tests have been added, CI passes, code coverage and performance is acceptable (did not decrease)
• No large data files added in the whole history of commits(files should in sum not exceed 100 KB, avoid PDFs, Word docs, etc.)
• On merge, add 2-5 lines with the changes (main added features, changed items, or corrected bugs) to the merge-commit-message. This can be taken from the briefly-list-the-changes above (best case) or the separate commit messages (worst case).

Closes #1279
Closes #1247

[jubicker]

Should we fix the uniform distribution here or provide the possibility to insert any distribution (also a constant distribution for the case you exactly know how long somebody has been infected)?

[DavidKerkmann]

As discussed, I added a distribution parameter that let's the user decide how the initial progression in any infection state is. Notice that it still depends on the "time until next state" parameters.
Also, there is currently no good way to perform a parameter contraint check on distributions, so I haven't added anything there.

[DavidKerkmann]

The parameter got removed. Instead, a second constructor of Infection is now available that let's you pass a distribution with a relative time already spent in the initial state.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 95.71984% with 11 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 97.24%. Comparing base (2755329) to head (13221f9).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
cpp/models/abm/infection.cpp	97.40%	5 Missing ⚠️
cpp/models/abm/parameters.h	76.19%	5 Missing ⚠️
cpp/models/abm/person.cpp	93.33%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1320      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   97.30%   97.24%   -0.07%     
==========================================
  Files         187      187              
  Lines       16027    16054      +27     
==========================================
+ Hits        15595    15611      +16     
- Misses        432      443      +11     

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