Core: Read and write geometry and geography values in Avro

[huan233usc]

Summary

TypeToSchema mapped every Iceberg primitive to an Avro schema except geometry and geography,
so converting a schema with a geo column threw UnsupportedOperationException: Unsupported type ID: GEOMETRY before any value could be read or written through the Avro object model. This wires up the
value path.

Per the Avro type mapping in the spec, geometry and geography are stored as an Avro bytes field
carrying WKB — the same representation as binary:

Iceberg type	Avro type
binary	bytes
geometry	bytes (WKB)
geography	bytes (WKB)

So TypeToSchema.primitive() now maps both geo types to the existing BINARY_SCHEMA. The value
read/write paths dispatch on the Avro physical type, so once the schema is bytes the existing
byteBuffers reader/writer handle geo unchanged in both the generic and internal object models (geo
values are WKB ByteBuffers, exactly like binary) — no value-path code changes are needed.

This is a follow-up split out of #16982 (which added the Parquet WKB value path and deliberately left
the Avro object model as a follow-up).

Note on the reverse direction

SchemaToType intentionally still maps Avro bytes → binary. Plain Avro bytes carries no marker to
distinguish geometry/geography from binary, and Iceberg resolves the real column type from the
expected/table schema, never by reverse-inferring from the file's Avro schema — the same way binary
and other bytes-backed types already behave.

Test plan

• Enable the shared DataTest geospatial coverage (supportsGeospatial()) for the Avro object models:
  TestGenericAvro, TestInternalAvro, and the generic-data TestGenericData. This round-trips
  geometry and geography across multiple CRS and edge algorithms with randomly generated WKB values.
• Add the GEOMETRY/GEOGRAPHY → ByteBuffer handling that the generic Avro path needs in
  RandomAvroData and AvroTestHelpers, mirroring the existing RandomInternalData /
  InternalTestHelpers handling.
• ./gradlew :iceberg-core:test --tests org.apache.iceberg.avro.TestGenericAvro --tests org.apache.iceberg.avro.TestInternalAvro
• ./gradlew :iceberg-data:test --tests org.apache.iceberg.data.avro.TestGenericData

[wombatu-kun]

TestAvroEncoderUtil extends DataTestBase and round-trips generic records through this same TypeToSchema + RandomAvroData path via AvroEncoderUtil.encode/decode, and on main it mirrors this test's type flags exactly (supportsUnknown, supportsTimestampNanos, supportsVariant). Enabling supportsGeospatial() there as well covers geo through the encoder entry point for free and keeps the two generic-model Avro tests in parity. szehon-ho raised the same coverage-parity point on the sibling Parquet PR #16982.

[huan233usc]

Done — enabled supportsGeospatial() on TestAvroEncoderUtil in 67619a7, so geo now round-trips through the AvroEncoderUtil.encode/decode entry point too, keeping the two generic-model Avro tests in parity (good call on the #16982 coverage-parity precedent).

I also added explicit WKB round-trip tests while here:

• TestAvroDataWriter.testGeospatialWkbRoundTrip — geometry/geography through the Avro DataWriter → PlannedDataReader path, including nulls.
• TestParquet.testGeospatialWkbRoundTrip — through ParquetAvroWriter → ParquetAvroValueReaders,