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3 changes: 2 additions & 1 deletion docs/Harmonization.md
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# Data Harmonization Ontology

> release date: 2023-08-11
> release date: 2025-10-15

The proposition of this document is to explicate a data harmonization ontology, which can be used to tailor heterogeneous threat data to the needs of victim notification. We pay special attention to categorize the information in a way that directly serves the needs of early warning. We present four categories, which consist of explicit functional types, each with a specific domain of expertise in mind, namely:

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|attribute|description|impact|
--- | --- | --- |
|anomaly|This type denotes an observation that deviates from expected patterns or baselines but is not immediately identifiable as a specific vulnerability or malicious event.|The impact is unknown without further analysis. It could range from benign to indicative of public exposure or a known vulnerability.|
|artifact|Artifacts refer to host-based indicators, such as checksums, file paths or detection rules.|These observations do not directly reference a compromise, rather can be used for monitoring and detection.|
|attribution|Observations that can be attributed to malicious activity, which are not detailed enough to action on, from the victim notification perspective.|These observations require further assessment or analysis.|
|blocked resource|Some sources provide reputation lists which clearly refer to abusive behavior (such as spamming) but fail to denote the exact reason why a given identity has been listed. The justification may be anecdotal or missing entirely.|Services appearing on these lists will have difficulty to operate normally, as their service specific communication will be blocked by third parties.|
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