sql5

SQLite-compatible database with native CJK FTS5 full-text search support. Built with Rust.

Features

• Full SQL Support — SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER
• Transactions — ACID with BEGIN/COMMIT/ROLLBACK
• WAL Mode — Write-Ahead Logging for performance
• Indexes — CREATE/DROP INDEX, UNIQUE index
• Views — CREATE/DROP VIEW
• Triggers — CREATE/DROP TRIGGER (BEFORE/AFTER, INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE)
• Foreign Keys — With constraint validation
• Full-Text Search (FTS5) — CJK bigram tokenization, AND/OR/NOT operators
• Multiple Databases — ATTACH DATABASE / DETACH DATABASE
• VACUUM — Database compaction
• PRAGMA — journal_mode, page_size, cache_size, etc.
• CTE — WITH ... AS subqueries
• Window Functions — ROW_NUMBER, RANK, LAG, LEAD, FIRST_VALUE, LAST_VALUE
• String Functions — UPPER, LOWER, LENGTH, SUBSTR, TRIM, REPLACE, INSTR, GROUP_CONCAT
• Math Functions — ABS, ROUND, RANDOM, POWER, SQRT, CEIL, FLOOR
• Date/Time Functions — DATE, TIME, DATETIME, JULIANDAY, STRFTIME
• Aggregate Functions — COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, TOTAL
• JSON Functions — JSON, JSON_INSERT, JSON_REPLACE, JSON_SET, JSON_REMOVE, JSON_TYPE, JSON_VALID

Installation

Via pip (recommended)

pip install sql5
sql5 --version

From source

# Build
cargo build --release

# Run REPL
cargo run

# Or use directly
./target/release/sql5

Usage

REPL

$ sql5
sql5> CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT);
sql5> INSERT INTO users VALUES (1, 'Alice');
sql5> INSERT INTO users VALUES (2, 'Bob');
sql5> SELECT * FROM users;
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
| 1  | Alice |
| 2  | Bob   |
+----+-------+
(2 rows)
sql5> .quit

With database file

sql5 /path/to/database.db

Python Client

import sql5

# Subprocess mode (default, v2.0 compatible)
db = sql5.connect("mydb.db")

# WebSocket mode (v3.0 new, for multi-client)
db = sql5.connect(
    path="mydb.db",
    transport="websocket",
    host="127.0.0.1",
    port=8080
)

# Execute SQL
cursor = db.execute("SELECT * FROM users")
print(cursor.fetchall())

db.close()

Command line mode

echo "SELECT 1 + 1;" | sql5

Server Modes

sql5 supports three modes:

Mode	Command	Description
REPL	sql5 or sql5 db.db	Interactive CLI
stdio server	sql5 --server [db]	JSON over stdin/stdout (for Python client)
WebSocket server	sql5 --websocket <port> [db]	WebSocket server (multi-client)

WebSocket Server

# Start on default port 8080
sql5 --websocket 8080

# With database file
sql5 --websocket 8080 mydb.db

# Custom port
sql5 --websocket 9000

See Python Client for WebSocket usage.

SQL Examples

Basic CRUD

CREATE TABLE t (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, age INTEGER);
INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, 'Alice', 30);
INSERT INTO t (name, age) VALUES ('Bob', 25);
UPDATE t SET age = 31 WHERE id = 1;
DELETE FROM t WHERE id = 2;
SELECT * FROM t;

Full-Text Search (FTS5)

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE articles USING fts5(title, body);
INSERT INTO articles VALUES ('Hello World', 'The quick brown fox');
INSERT INTO articles VALUES ('Rust Guide', 'Memory safety without GC');

-- Simple search
SELECT * FROM articles WHERE articles MATCH 'rust';

-- Boolean operators
SELECT * FROM articles WHERE articles MATCH 'rust AND memory';
SELECT * FROM articles WHERE articles MATCH 'hello OR world';

-- CJK text
INSERT INTO articles VALUES ('中文測試', '繁體中文全文檢索');
SELECT * FROM articles WHERE articles MATCH '中文';

Triggers

CREATE TABLE audit_log (id INTEGER, action TEXT, ts TEXT);
CREATE TRIGGER before_delete BEFORE DELETE ON users
BEGIN
  INSERT INTO audit_log VALUES (OLD.id, 'delete', datetime('now'));
END;
DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 1;  -- Triggers audit_log insert

Transactions

BEGIN;
INSERT INTO t VALUES (1, 'a');
INSERT INTO t VALUES (2, 'b');
COMMIT;  -- or ROLLBACK;

ATTACH DATABASE

ATTACH DATABASE 'other.db' AS other;
SELECT * FROM other.users;
DETACH DATABASE other;

Window Functions

SELECT name, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY id) AS rn FROM users;
SELECT name, RANK() OVER (ORDER BY age) FROM users;
SELECT name, LAG(age) OVER (ORDER BY id) AS prev_age FROM users;

Development

Requirements

• Rust (stable, 1.70+)
• Python 3.8+ (for pip package development)

Build from source

# Clone
git clone https://github.com/cccrust/sql5.git
cd sql5

# Build
cargo build --release

# Run tests
cargo test

# CLI integration tests
./test.sh

Publish to PyPI

# Directly upload to PyPI (auto-updates version in all files)
./pub.sh 2.0.1 pypi

# Or push to GitHub (triggers CI to upload to PyPI)
./pub.sh 2.0.1 github

Documentation

Full documentation available in src/ directory:

Module	Source	Docs
parser	parser.rs	README
planner	planner.rs	README
btree	btree.rs	README
pager	pager.rs	README
table	table.rs	README
catalog	catalog.rs	README
fts	fts.rs	README
interface	interface.rs	README

Individual file documentation: each .rs file has a corresponding .md file in the same directory.

Version History

Version	Date	Features
v3.7.0	2026-05-10	SQLite API compatibility (affected, lastrowid, description, rowcount)
v3.0.0	2026-05-04	WebSocket server (multi-client support)
v2.4.2	2026-05-04	CI/CD improvements, separate platform builds
v2.0.0	2026-05-04	Client-server architecture
v1.22	2026-05-04	Various fixes
v1.21	2026-05-04	VACUUM (disk mode), Trigger persistence

See _doc/ for detailed version notes.

License

MIT