ism2rdf Transformer

This project transforms XML Schema Definitions (XSD) published by the U.S. Intelligence Community Chief Information Officer (IC CIO) into RDF/OWL representations, enabling them to be used in Linked Data, semantic reasoning, and ontology-driven validation systems.

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Overview

This tool:

• Parses IC-published .xsd schemas into RDF graphs.
• Converts simpleType enumerations into skos:ConceptScheme and skos:Concept resources.
• Represents xsd:pattern restrictions as SHACL constraints.
• Models attributes as owl:DatatypeProperty.
• Resolves and recursively processes xsd:import statements.
• Outputs RDF in:
  • Compact JSON-LD
  • Pretty Turtle
  • N-Triples

Source Data

Schemas are obtained from: 👉 IC CIO Technical Specifications

Examples include:

• IC-ISM.xsd
• IC-EDH.xsd
• Tetragraph.xsd

Output Structure

Each schema is transformed into:

transformed/
├── standalone/       # Each schema with its own owl:Ontology and owl:imports
├── convenience/      # Merged version with imports inlined

Each directory includes:

• *.jsonld: Compact JSON-LD
• *.ttl: Human-readable Turtle (including pretty RDF lists)
• *.nt: N-Triples

Features

• 🔁 Recursive xsd:import resolution
• 🔍 Semantic enrichment via:
  • skos:ConceptScheme and skos:Concept
  • sh:pattern for special regex enumeration patterns
  • owl:DatatypeProperty with range and comment
• 📁 Multi-format output
• 🧠 Intelligent prefix mapping and reuse

Controlled Vocabulary Enumeration (CVE) Pattern

🧠 Conceptual Summary

The Controlled Vocabulary Enumeration (CVE) pattern connects enumerated rdfs:Datatype definitions with SKOS-based concept schemes. This enables:

• ✅ Formal data constraints using owl:oneOf
• ✅ Semantic enrichment via skos:Concept
• ✅ Vocabulary traceability using dc:source and rdfs:seeAlso
• ✅ Validatable and machine-readable instance data
• ✅ Alignment between literal values and concept identifiers

This pattern allows an owl:DatatypeProperty to reference a custom datatype whose valid literal values are constrained to match the skos:notation of skos:Concepts from a referenced skos:ConceptScheme.

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📌 CVE Pattern Facts

1. An owl:DatatypeProperty exists

   • It has an rdfs:range of a Custom Datatype.

2. The Custom Datatype:

   • Is an instance of rdfs:Datatype.
   • Uses owl:equivalentClass → owl:oneOf to declare allowed literals.
   • Has dc:source and rdfs:seeAlso linking it to a skos:ConceptScheme.

3. The skos:ConceptScheme:

   • Contains multiple skos:Concepts.
   • References these concepts via skos:hasTopConcept.

4. Each skos:Concept:

   • Belongs to the same skos:ConceptScheme via skos:inScheme.
   • Has a skos:notation with a literal value.
   • Each literal value matches one value listed in the owl:oneOf of the custom datatype.

Installation

git clone https://github.com/ewrayjohnson/ism2rdf.git
cd ism2rdf
npm install

Configuration

Place schemas under:

.ciartifacts/schemas/{SchemaGroup}/

Default prefixes go in:

.ciartifacts/config/defaultPrefixes.json

Running the Transformer

ts-node index.ts

Or if configured in package.json:

npm start

License

MIT License © 2025 E. Wray Johnson