Update documented Kotlin minimum version to 2.2

[thswlsqls]

Description

• Update the Kotlin row in VERSIONING.md from 1.9+ to 2.2+.
• The opentelemetry-extension-kotlin build sets apiVersion to KOTLIN_2_2 (extensions/kotlin/build.gradle.kts:53), but the doc still listed 1.9+. The row notes it is "Kept in sync with [minimum non-deprecated] version," so this restores that sync.
• Update all patch and minor versions #8440 bumped apiVersion to KOTLIN_2_2 without updating VERSIONING.md. Update all patch and minor versions #8414 is the precedent: it changed config (1.8→1.9) and the doc together.

Testing done

• Docs-only, test-exempt: no test added; no Gradle build required for a root markdown doc change.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 78.77%. Comparing base (824334c) to head (a3a0260).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##               main    #8498   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage     78.77%   78.77%           
  Complexity     8579     8579           
=========================================
  Files          1009     1009           
  Lines         28993    28993           
  Branches       3599     3599           
=========================================
  Hits          22839    22839           
  Misses         5311     5311           
  Partials        843      843           

☔ View full report in Codecov by Harness.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.