refactor: centralize geometry-aware dispatch for detection_area and detection_iou

[mvanhorn]

Before submitting

• Self-reviewed the code
• Updated documentation, follow Google-style
• Added/updated tests

Description

Centralizes the "which geometry is the real one?" dispatch for detection area and IoU into a single internal module so the mask -> OBB -> box precedence lives in one place instead of being re-implemented (and silently forgotten) at each call site.

Type of Change

• 🔨 Refactoring (no functional changes)

Motivation and Context

A recurring "silent AABB" bug class keeps reappearing: code reaches for detections.xyxy and forgets the real geometry lives in data["xyxyxyxy"] (OBB) or mask. Because xyxy is always present, the axis-aligned answer is the silent default. Recent fixes (#2306 area returning AABB area, #2303 with_nms/with_nmm dropping crossed OBBs via AABB IoU, #2289 as_yolo dropping OBB rotation) share this root cause: every consumer re-derives geometry precedence and forgetting it fails silently.

@kounelisagis endorsed (2026-06-17) keeping the policy internal ("exact when richer geometry is present") behind a single geometry-resolution helper rather than a public per-op mode argument, and suggested a metamorphic test.

This PR is a deliberate first slice of the multi-part issue: the read-only dispatch helpers plus the contract test land first. move_detections consolidation and the with_nms/with_nmm/as_yolo call-site migration are left as independent follow-ups per the issue's incremental rollout.

Refs #2318

Changes Made

• Add internal src/supervision/detection/utils/geometry.py with two batched, read-only helpers: detection_area (mask sum / CompactMask.area -> shoelace OBB area -> box_area) and detection_iou (mask_iou_batch -> oriented_box_iou_batch -> box_iou_batch, by the richest geometry both operands carry).
• Route Detections.area in core.py through detection_area so the property is a thin call into the shared helper, with no behavior change and the vectorized design preserved.
• Add tests/detection/utils/test_geometry.py: area-parity across mask/OBB/AABB plus the metamorphic contract (identical envelopes with different OBB corners must differ; rotating an OBB off-axis leaves detection_area invariant while the envelope area changes).

Testing

Added tests/detection/utils/test_geometry.py covering area parity (mask/OBB/AABB), the metamorphic rotation-invariance contract, empty Detections, CompactMask routing, and the AABB IoU fallback. The helpers are read-only and preserve Detections.area behavior exactly.

Note: I was unable to run the full suite in my local sandbox (the test stack pulls cv2/matplotlib, which aren't installed in my environment); the new tests are written to run under the repo's CI. Happy to adjust if CI surfaces anything.

Google Colab (optional)

N/A

Screenshots/Videos (optional)

N/A (internal refactor; no user-visible output change)

Additional Notes

The new helpers are intentionally module-private (no public API surface, no per-op mode argument) to match the maintainer's stated preference. Follow-ups can migrate with_nms/with_nmm/as_yolo and consolidate move_detections onto the same dispatch.

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR centralizes geometry-precedence dispatch (mask → OBB → AABB) for per-detection area and pairwise IoU into a single internal helper module, then routes Detections.area through that shared implementation to reduce recurring “silent AABB fallback” regressions.

Changes:

• Added internal detection_area(...) and detection_iou(...) helpers under src/supervision/detection/utils/geometry.py.
• Refactored Detections.area to delegate to detection_area (removing duplicated dispatch logic in core.py).
• Added contract-style tests ensuring area/IoU respect richer geometry and catch envelope-vs-OBB regressions.

Review scores (1–5):

• Code quality: 4/5
• Testing: 5/5
• Documentation: 4/5

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

File	Description
src/supervision/detection/utils/geometry.py	Introduces centralized geometry-aware dispatch helpers for area and IoU.
src/supervision/detection/core.py	Refactors Detections.area to call the shared helper.
tests/detection/utils/test_geometry.py	Adds parity + metamorphic/contract tests for dispatch correctness across mask/OBB/AABB.

[Borda]

Thank you for your submission! We really appreciate it. Like many open source projects, we ask that you sign our Contributor License Agreement before we can accept your contribution.

@mvanhorn mind check this out ^^ 🦝

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 83%. Comparing base (934da12) to head (5878f05).
⚠️ Report is 14 commits behind head on develop.

❌ Your project check has failed because the head coverage (83%) is below the target coverage (95%). You can increase the head coverage or adjust the target coverage.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           develop   #2374   +/-   ##
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  Coverage       83%     83%           
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  Files           69      70    +1     
  Lines         9616    9634   +18     
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+ Hits          7941    7959   +18     
  Misses        1675    1675           

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