Add binary search implementation in C

C/binarySearch.c

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * binarySearch.c
+ * Simple iterative binary search in C.
+ * Reads number of elements, the sorted array, and a target value from stdin.
+ * Prints the index (0-based) if found, or a "not found" message otherwise.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int binary_search(int arr[], int n, int target) {
+    int lo = 0;
+    int hi = n - 1;
+    while (lo <= hi) {
+        int mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
+        if (arr[mid] == target) return mid; // found
+        else if (arr[mid] < target) lo = mid + 1;
+        else hi = mid - 1;
+    }
+    return -1; // not found
+}
+
+int main(void) {
+    int n;
+    if (printf("Enter number of elements: ") < 0) return 1;
+    if (scanf("%d", &n) != 1 || n <= 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid number of elements.\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    int *arr = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);
+    if (!arr) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocation failed.\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    printf("Enter %d sorted integers (ascending) separated by spaces or newlines:\n", n);
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        if (scanf("%d", &arr[i]) != 1) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read array element %d.\n", i);
+            free(arr);
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    int target;
+    if (printf("Enter value to search: ") < 0) { free(arr); return 1; }
+    if (scanf("%d", &target) != 1) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read target value.\n");
+        free(arr);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    int idx = binary_search(arr, n, target);
+    if (idx >= 0) {
+        printf("Element %d found at index %d (0-based).\n", target, idx);
+    } else {
+        printf("Element %d not found in the array.\n", target);
+    }
+
+    free(arr);
+    return 0;
+}